[Met_help] [rt.rap.ucar.edu #69771] History for query reg the average rainfall.
John Halley Gotway via RT
met_help at ucar.edu
Mon Dec 1 13:27:42 MST 2014
----------------------------------------------------------------
Initial Request
----------------------------------------------------------------
Hi John, I have to compute average rainfall over a box (say 10-20N/60-90E) from wrf output using the NCL script. I have used MET for converting the rainfall
from wrfout files into netcdf files (I named them as
model24_2011060100.nc) using the PCP_COMBINE tool. now model24_2011060100.nc
file has ONLY rainfall data. Now my confusion is as follows. Do I have to use the destaggering function for this data file before I calculate area average???. 1. I saw the ncl scripts that use the wrfout file directly.http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/OnLineTutorial/Graphics/NCL/Examples/PRECIP/wrf_Precip.ncl2. there is destaggering function http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Document/Functions/WRF_arw/wrf_user_unstagger.shtml
can u help me in telling me a little more about the projection of the NC file so obtained from pcp-tool.
geeta
----------------------------------------------------------------
Complete Ticket History
----------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
From: John Halley Gotway
Time: Mon Nov 17 14:02:12 2014
Geeta,
Not sure I'll be able to be much help on this. I'm not familiar with
that
NCL script you've referenced. And I'm not sure how you were able to
read
them with the pcp_combine tool. Did you run the WRFOUT files through
the
pinterp utility first?
Generally speaking, I'd suggest using the Unified Post-Processor (UPP)
to
post-process your NetCDF wrfout files into GRIB format. It destaggers
data
in the horizontal and interpolates to pressure levels in the vertical.
To answer your question directly though, no, I do not think you need
to
destagger the grid. The precipitation data in the "RAINNC" variable
is
defined using unstaggered dimensions. Only those variables defined
using a
staggered dimension (south_north_stag and/or east_west_stag) are
problematic.
Thanks,
John
On Mon, Nov 17, 2014 at 3:27 AM, Geeta Geeta via RT
<met_help at ucar.edu>
wrote:
>
> Mon Nov 17 03:27:46 2014: Request 69771 was acted upon.
> Transaction: Ticket created by geeta124 at hotmail.com
> Queue: met_help
> Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
> Owner: Nobody
> Requestors: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> Status: new
> Ticket <URL:
https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771 >
>
>
> Hi John, I have to compute average rainfall over a box (say 10-
20N/60-90E)
> from wrf output using the NCL script. I have used MET for converting
the
> rainfall
> from wrfout files into netcdf files (I named them as
> model24_2011060100.nc) using the PCP_COMBINE tool. now
> model24_2011060100.nc
> file has ONLY rainfall data. Now my confusion is as follows. Do I
have to
> use the destaggering function for this data file before I calculate
area
> average???. 1. I saw the ncl scripts that use the wrfout file
directly.
>
http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/OnLineTutorial/Graphics/NCL/Examples/PRECIP/wrf_Precip.ncl2.
> there is destaggering function
>
http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Document/Functions/WRF_arw/wrf_user_unstagger.shtml
> can u help me in telling me a little more about the projection of
the NC
> file so obtained from pcp-tool.
>
> geeta
>
------------------------------------------------
Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
From: Geeta Geeta
Time: Tue Nov 18 03:37:12 2014
thanks john.
I have wrout files which are converted to GRIB1 using WPP.
they are converted to NC by using pcp-combine tool.
following is one example.
./bin/pcp_combine -subtract $RUNDIR/WRFPRS_d01.027 27
$RUNDIR/WRFPRS_d01.003 3 $MYPCPOUT/full/24hr/model24_$yr$mn$dy$hr.nc
So what I understand from Ur reply is that they are already
destaggered and the data in the NC format (which has nothing to do
with Staggering).
So I can go ahead with the simple average, using whatever
script/software that can handle NC data.
geeta
> Subject: Re: [rt.rap.ucar.edu #69771] query reg the average
rainfall.
> From: met_help at ucar.edu
> To: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2014 14:02:12 -0700
>
> Geeta,
>
> Not sure I'll be able to be much help on this. I'm not familiar
with that
> NCL script you've referenced. And I'm not sure how you were able to
read
> them with the pcp_combine tool. Did you run the WRFOUT files
through the
> pinterp utility first?
>
> Generally speaking, I'd suggest using the Unified Post-Processor
(UPP) to
> post-process your NetCDF wrfout files into GRIB format. It
destaggers data
> in the horizontal and interpolates to pressure levels in the
vertical.
>
> To answer your question directly though, no, I do not think you need
to
> destagger the grid. The precipitation data in the "RAINNC" variable
is
> defined using unstaggered dimensions. Only those variables defined
using a
> staggered dimension (south_north_stag and/or east_west_stag) are
> problematic.
>
> Thanks,
> John
>
>
> On Mon, Nov 17, 2014 at 3:27 AM, Geeta Geeta via RT
<met_help at ucar.edu>
> wrote:
>
> >
> > Mon Nov 17 03:27:46 2014: Request 69771 was acted upon.
> > Transaction: Ticket created by geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > Queue: met_help
> > Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
> > Owner: Nobody
> > Requestors: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > Status: new
> > Ticket <URL:
https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771 >
> >
> >
> > Hi John, I have to compute average rainfall over a box (say 10-
20N/60-90E)
> > from wrf output using the NCL script. I have used MET for
converting the
> > rainfall
> > from wrfout files into netcdf files (I named them as
> > model24_2011060100.nc) using the PCP_COMBINE tool. now
> > model24_2011060100.nc
> > file has ONLY rainfall data. Now my confusion is as follows. Do I
have to
> > use the destaggering function for this data file before I
calculate area
> > average???. 1. I saw the ncl scripts that use the wrfout file
directly.
> >
http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/OnLineTutorial/Graphics/NCL/Examples/PRECIP/wrf_Precip.ncl2.
> > there is destaggering function
> >
http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Document/Functions/WRF_arw/wrf_user_unstagger.shtml
> > can u help me in telling me a little more about the projection of
the NC
> > file so obtained from pcp-tool.
> >
> > geeta
> >
>
------------------------------------------------
Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
From: John Halley Gotway
Time: Tue Nov 18 09:25:20 2014
Geeta,
OK, I understand better now. But I'm still wondering about why you're
creating aerial averages.
To summarize, you...
- ran WRF and generated NetCDF wrfout files
- post-processed the wrfout file using UPP to create GRIB files
- ran the GRIB files through pcp_combine to change the accumulation
interval and generated NetCDF files
And now you want to some aerial averaging to essentially smooth the
data?
Is that correct?
You actually have the ability to smooth the data using Grid-Stat if
you'd
like. To test this out, just run Grid-Stat to compare the file to
itself -
meaning pass the same file is for the forecast and observation.
Modify the
Grid-Stat config file by setting the "interp" section to something
like
this:
interp = {
field = FCST;
vld_thresh = 1.0;
type = [
{
method = UW_MEAN;
width = 10;
}
];
};
That will smooth the forecast field by computing a 10x10 average value
around each grid point. Since I set "field = FCST;", it'll only do
this to
the forecast and not the observation field. Be sure write the NetCDF
matched pairs output file, and then view the output using something
like
"ncview" (or "IDV" or the "plot_data_plane" tool in MET). You should
see
that the forecast field is now a very smoothed version of the
observation
field.
Hope that helps.
Thanks,
John
On Tue, Nov 18, 2014 at 3:37 AM, Geeta Geeta via RT
<met_help at ucar.edu>
wrote:
>
> <URL: https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771 >
>
> thanks john.
> I have wrout files which are converted to GRIB1 using WPP.
> they are converted to NC by using pcp-combine tool.
> following is one example.
> ./bin/pcp_combine -subtract $RUNDIR/WRFPRS_d01.027 27
> $RUNDIR/WRFPRS_d01.003 3 $MYPCPOUT/full/24hr/model24_$yr$mn$dy$hr.nc
>
> So what I understand from Ur reply is that they are already
destaggered
> and the data in the NC format (which has nothing to do with
Staggering).
>
> So I can go ahead with the simple average, using whatever
script/software
> that can handle NC data.
>
> geeta
>
> > Subject: Re: [rt.rap.ucar.edu #69771] query reg the average
rainfall.
> > From: met_help at ucar.edu
> > To: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2014 14:02:12 -0700
> >
> > Geeta,
> >
> > Not sure I'll be able to be much help on this. I'm not familiar
with
> that
> > NCL script you've referenced. And I'm not sure how you were able
to read
> > them with the pcp_combine tool. Did you run the WRFOUT files
through the
> > pinterp utility first?
> >
> > Generally speaking, I'd suggest using the Unified Post-Processor
(UPP) to
> > post-process your NetCDF wrfout files into GRIB format. It
destaggers
> data
> > in the horizontal and interpolates to pressure levels in the
vertical.
> >
> > To answer your question directly though, no, I do not think you
need to
> > destagger the grid. The precipitation data in the "RAINNC"
variable is
> > defined using unstaggered dimensions. Only those variables
defined
> using a
> > staggered dimension (south_north_stag and/or east_west_stag) are
> > problematic.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > John
> >
> >
> > On Mon, Nov 17, 2014 at 3:27 AM, Geeta Geeta via RT
<met_help at ucar.edu>
> > wrote:
> >
> > >
> > > Mon Nov 17 03:27:46 2014: Request 69771 was acted upon.
> > > Transaction: Ticket created by geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > > Queue: met_help
> > > Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
> > > Owner: Nobody
> > > Requestors: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > > Status: new
> > > Ticket <URL:
https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771
> >
> > >
> > >
> > > Hi John, I have to compute average rainfall over a box (say
> 10-20N/60-90E)
> > > from wrf output using the NCL script. I have used MET for
converting
> the
> > > rainfall
> > > from wrfout files into netcdf files (I named them as
> > > model24_2011060100.nc) using the PCP_COMBINE tool. now
> > > model24_2011060100.nc
> > > file has ONLY rainfall data. Now my confusion is as follows. Do
I have
> to
> > > use the destaggering function for this data file before I
calculate
> area
> > > average???. 1. I saw the ncl scripts that use the wrfout file
directly.
> > >
>
http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/OnLineTutorial/Graphics/NCL/Examples/PRECIP/wrf_Precip.ncl2
> .
> > > there is destaggering function
> > >
>
http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Document/Functions/WRF_arw/wrf_user_unstagger.shtml
> > > can u help me in telling me a little more about the projection
of the
> NC
> > > file so obtained from pcp-tool.
> > >
> > > geeta
> > >
> >
>
>
------------------------------------------------
Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
From: Geeta Geeta
Time: Tue Nov 18 22:11:53 2014
thanks John,
yes that is how I have generated model24_2011070100.nc files.
No I do not want to do the smoothing of the data.
I have to compute areal average.
1. I want to know how can i Do this using MET ???
2. 2nd question is pertaining to the use of two softwares (Grads and
NCL scripts) which are giving me slightly different results.
3. I want to know whthere the rainfall (APCP_24) in this file is on a
staggered grid or not????.
I am sending you the data file.
geeta
> Subject: Re: [rt.rap.ucar.edu #69771] query reg the average
rainfall.
> From: met_help at ucar.edu
> To: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2014 09:25:21 -0700
>
> Geeta,
>
> OK, I understand better now. But I'm still wondering about why
you're
> creating aerial averages.
>
> To summarize, you...
> - ran WRF and generated NetCDF wrfout files
> - post-processed the wrfout file using UPP to create GRIB files
> - ran the GRIB files through pcp_combine to change the accumulation
> interval and generated NetCDF files
>
> And now you want to some aerial averaging to essentially smooth the
data?
> Is that correct?
>
> You actually have the ability to smooth the data using Grid-Stat if
you'd
> like. To test this out, just run Grid-Stat to compare the file to
itself -
> meaning pass the same file is for the forecast and observation.
Modify the
> Grid-Stat config file by setting the "interp" section to something
like
> this:
>
> interp = {
> field = FCST;
> vld_thresh = 1.0;
>
> type = [
> {
> method = UW_MEAN;
> width = 10;
> }
> ];
> };
>
> That will smooth the forecast field by computing a 10x10 average
value
> around each grid point. Since I set "field = FCST;", it'll only do
this to
> the forecast and not the observation field. Be sure write the
NetCDF
> matched pairs output file, and then view the output using something
like
> "ncview" (or "IDV" or the "plot_data_plane" tool in MET). You
should see
> that the forecast field is now a very smoothed version of the
observation
> field.
>
> Hope that helps.
>
> Thanks,
> John
>
>
>
> On Tue, Nov 18, 2014 at 3:37 AM, Geeta Geeta via RT
<met_help at ucar.edu>
> wrote:
>
> >
> > <URL: https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771 >
> >
> > thanks john.
> > I have wrout files which are converted to GRIB1 using WPP.
> > they are converted to NC by using pcp-combine tool.
> > following is one example.
> > ./bin/pcp_combine -subtract $RUNDIR/WRFPRS_d01.027 27
> > $RUNDIR/WRFPRS_d01.003 3
$MYPCPOUT/full/24hr/model24_$yr$mn$dy$hr.nc
> >
> > So what I understand from Ur reply is that they are already
destaggered
> > and the data in the NC format (which has nothing to do with
Staggering).
> >
> > So I can go ahead with the simple average, using whatever
script/software
> > that can handle NC data.
> >
> > geeta
> >
> > > Subject: Re: [rt.rap.ucar.edu #69771] query reg the average
rainfall.
> > > From: met_help at ucar.edu
> > > To: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > > Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2014 14:02:12 -0700
> > >
> > > Geeta,
> > >
> > > Not sure I'll be able to be much help on this. I'm not familiar
with
> > that
> > > NCL script you've referenced. And I'm not sure how you were
able to read
> > > them with the pcp_combine tool. Did you run the WRFOUT files
through the
> > > pinterp utility first?
> > >
> > > Generally speaking, I'd suggest using the Unified Post-Processor
(UPP) to
> > > post-process your NetCDF wrfout files into GRIB format. It
destaggers
> > data
> > > in the horizontal and interpolates to pressure levels in the
vertical.
> > >
> > > To answer your question directly though, no, I do not think you
need to
> > > destagger the grid. The precipitation data in the "RAINNC"
variable is
> > > defined using unstaggered dimensions. Only those variables
defined
> > using a
> > > staggered dimension (south_north_stag and/or east_west_stag) are
> > > problematic.
> > >
> > > Thanks,
> > > John
> > >
> > >
> > > On Mon, Nov 17, 2014 at 3:27 AM, Geeta Geeta via RT
<met_help at ucar.edu>
> > > wrote:
> > >
> > > >
> > > > Mon Nov 17 03:27:46 2014: Request 69771 was acted upon.
> > > > Transaction: Ticket created by geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > > > Queue: met_help
> > > > Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
> > > > Owner: Nobody
> > > > Requestors: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > > > Status: new
> > > > Ticket <URL:
https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771
> > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > Hi John, I have to compute average rainfall over a box (say
> > 10-20N/60-90E)
> > > > from wrf output using the NCL script. I have used MET for
converting
> > the
> > > > rainfall
> > > > from wrfout files into netcdf files (I named them as
> > > > model24_2011060100.nc) using the PCP_COMBINE tool. now
> > > > model24_2011060100.nc
> > > > file has ONLY rainfall data. Now my confusion is as follows.
Do I have
> > to
> > > > use the destaggering function for this data file before I
calculate
> > area
> > > > average???. 1. I saw the ncl scripts that use the wrfout file
directly.
> > > >
> >
http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/OnLineTutorial/Graphics/NCL/Examples/PRECIP/wrf_Precip.ncl2
> > .
> > > > there is destaggering function
> > > >
> >
http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Document/Functions/WRF_arw/wrf_user_unstagger.shtml
> > > > can u help me in telling me a little more about the projection
of the
> > NC
> > > > file so obtained from pcp-tool.
> > > >
> > > > geeta
> > > >
> > >
> >
> >
>
------------------------------------------------
Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
From: John Halley Gotway
Time: Wed Nov 19 09:37:49 2014
Geeta,
Sorry for my misunderstanding. I understand now that you're just
looking
for the average value over the entire grid.
In answer to your questions...
No, accumulated precipitation is not on a staggered grid. In WRF it's
computed at the unstaggered mass points. And after you post-process
your
wrfout files with UPP, all of the staggered data (like winds) are
de-staggered in the output.
In MET, you could run Grid-Stat on the field to compare it to itself
over
the entire domain and compute the continuous statistics (CNT) output
line.
The FBAR and OBAR columns will contain the average forecast and
observation
values. Since you're comparing the field to itself, they'll be the
same
value. When I run it, I see the average value over the whole grid is
2.79368.
Of course, you could use any tool you'd like to compute this, like NCL
and
Grads. I don't know why their results would differ. But the
following
commands in R yield the same result that Grid-Stat computes:
R
library(ncdf)
nc = open.ncdf("model24_2011070100.nc")
data = get.var.ncdf(nc, "APCP_24")
mean(data)
[1] 2.793683
Thanks,
John
On Tue, Nov 18, 2014 at 10:11 PM, Geeta Geeta via RT
<met_help at ucar.edu>
wrote:
>
> <URL: https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771 >
>
> thanks John,
> yes that is how I have generated model24_2011070100.nc files.
> No I do not want to do the smoothing of the data.
> I have to compute areal average.
> 1. I want to know how can i Do this using MET ???
> 2. 2nd question is pertaining to the use of two softwares (Grads and
NCL
> scripts) which are giving me slightly different results.
> 3. I want to know whthere the rainfall (APCP_24) in this file is on
a
> staggered grid or not????.
>
> I am sending you the data file.
>
> geeta
>
> > Subject: Re: [rt.rap.ucar.edu #69771] query reg the average
rainfall.
> > From: met_help at ucar.edu
> > To: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > Date: Tue, 18 Nov 2014 09:25:21 -0700
> >
> > Geeta,
> >
> > OK, I understand better now. But I'm still wondering about why
you're
> > creating aerial averages.
> >
> > To summarize, you...
> > - ran WRF and generated NetCDF wrfout files
> > - post-processed the wrfout file using UPP to create GRIB files
> > - ran the GRIB files through pcp_combine to change the
accumulation
> > interval and generated NetCDF files
> >
> > And now you want to some aerial averaging to essentially smooth
the data?
> > Is that correct?
> >
> > You actually have the ability to smooth the data using Grid-Stat
if you'd
> > like. To test this out, just run Grid-Stat to compare the file to
> itself -
> > meaning pass the same file is for the forecast and observation.
Modify
> the
> > Grid-Stat config file by setting the "interp" section to something
like
> > this:
> >
> > interp = {
> > field = FCST;
> > vld_thresh = 1.0;
> >
> > type = [
> > {
> > method = UW_MEAN;
> > width = 10;
> > }
> > ];
> > };
> >
> > That will smooth the forecast field by computing a 10x10 average
value
> > around each grid point. Since I set "field = FCST;", it'll only
do this
> to
> > the forecast and not the observation field. Be sure write the
NetCDF
> > matched pairs output file, and then view the output using
something like
> > "ncview" (or "IDV" or the "plot_data_plane" tool in MET). You
should see
> > that the forecast field is now a very smoothed version of the
observation
> > field.
> >
> > Hope that helps.
> >
> > Thanks,
> > John
> >
> >
> >
> > On Tue, Nov 18, 2014 at 3:37 AM, Geeta Geeta via RT
<met_help at ucar.edu>
> > wrote:
> >
> > >
> > > <URL: https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771 >
> > >
> > > thanks john.
> > > I have wrout files which are converted to GRIB1 using WPP.
> > > they are converted to NC by using pcp-combine tool.
> > > following is one example.
> > > ./bin/pcp_combine -subtract $RUNDIR/WRFPRS_d01.027 27
> > > $RUNDIR/WRFPRS_d01.003 3
$MYPCPOUT/full/24hr/model24_$yr$mn$dy$hr.nc
> > >
> > > So what I understand from Ur reply is that they are already
destaggered
> > > and the data in the NC format (which has nothing to do with
> Staggering).
> > >
> > > So I can go ahead with the simple average, using whatever
> script/software
> > > that can handle NC data.
> > >
> > > geeta
> > >
> > > > Subject: Re: [rt.rap.ucar.edu #69771] query reg the average
> rainfall.
> > > > From: met_help at ucar.edu
> > > > To: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > > > Date: Mon, 17 Nov 2014 14:02:12 -0700
> > > >
> > > > Geeta,
> > > >
> > > > Not sure I'll be able to be much help on this. I'm not
familiar with
> > > that
> > > > NCL script you've referenced. And I'm not sure how you were
able to
> read
> > > > them with the pcp_combine tool. Did you run the WRFOUT files
> through the
> > > > pinterp utility first?
> > > >
> > > > Generally speaking, I'd suggest using the Unified Post-
Processor
> (UPP) to
> > > > post-process your NetCDF wrfout files into GRIB format. It
> destaggers
> > > data
> > > > in the horizontal and interpolates to pressure levels in the
> vertical.
> > > >
> > > > To answer your question directly though, no, I do not think
you need
> to
> > > > destagger the grid. The precipitation data in the "RAINNC"
variable
> is
> > > > defined using unstaggered dimensions. Only those variables
defined
> > > using a
> > > > staggered dimension (south_north_stag and/or east_west_stag)
are
> > > > problematic.
> > > >
> > > > Thanks,
> > > > John
> > > >
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, Nov 17, 2014 at 3:27 AM, Geeta Geeta via RT <
> met_help at ucar.edu>
> > > > wrote:
> > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > Mon Nov 17 03:27:46 2014: Request 69771 was acted upon.
> > > > > Transaction: Ticket created by geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > > > > Queue: met_help
> > > > > Subject: query reg the average rainfall.
> > > > > Owner: Nobody
> > > > > Requestors: geeta124 at hotmail.com
> > > > > Status: new
> > > > > Ticket <URL:
> https://rt.rap.ucar.edu/rt/Ticket/Display.html?id=69771
> > > >
> > > > >
> > > > >
> > > > > Hi John, I have to compute average rainfall over a box (say
> > > 10-20N/60-90E)
> > > > > from wrf output using the NCL script. I have used MET for
> converting
> > > the
> > > > > rainfall
> > > > > from wrfout files into netcdf files (I named them as
> > > > > model24_2011060100.nc) using the PCP_COMBINE tool. now
> > > > > model24_2011060100.nc
> > > > > file has ONLY rainfall data. Now my confusion is as follows.
Do I
> have
> > > to
> > > > > use the destaggering function for this data file before I
> calculate
> > > area
> > > > > average???. 1. I saw the ncl scripts that use the wrfout
file
> directly.
> > > > >
> > >
>
http://www2.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/OnLineTutorial/Graphics/NCL/Examples/PRECIP/wrf_Precip.ncl2
> > > .
> > > > > there is destaggering function
> > > > >
> > >
>
http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Document/Functions/WRF_arw/wrf_user_unstagger.shtml
> > > > > can u help me in telling me a little more about the
projection of
> the
> > > NC
> > > > > file so obtained from pcp-tool.
> > > > >
> > > > > geeta
> > > > >
> > > >
> > >
> > >
> >
>
>
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