<div style="line-height:1.7;color:#000000;font-size:14px;font-family:Arial"><div style="line-height:1.7;color:#000000;font-size:14px;font-family:Arial"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Dear NCL/NCARG team,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><a name="OLE_LINK8"></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium; font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: 18px;">Over past years, we devised some statistics and a diagram to evaluate climate model performance in simulating the vector field or multiple fields. These performance metrics and the diagram are useful in climate model evaluation and intercomparison. I¡¯m writing to inquire if we can cooperate with your team to incorporate relevant function codes into the NCL/PyNGL. We briefly introduce the performance metrics and the diagram as follows:</span><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">(1)<span style="font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vector field evaluation (VFE) method</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">We defined three performance metrics in terms of the vector field:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Vector similarity coefficient (VSC): It measures the pattern similarity between two vector fields, which takes both the vector length and vector direction into account. In terms of the one-dimensional case, the VSC computed with anomaly field becomes the Pearson correlation coefficient.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Root mean square length of the vector field (RMSL): It measures the mean and variance of vector lengths. In the one-dimensional case, the RMSL computed with anomaly field becomes the standard deviation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Root mean square vector difference (RMSVD): It measures the overall difference between two vector fields. In the one-dimensional case, the RMSVD computed with anomaly field becomes the commonly used root mean square difference.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">The three vector field statistics (VSC, RMSL, and RMSVD) satisfy the cosine law. Thus, we used these statistics to construct a vector field evaluation (VFE) diagram, which can summarize and illustrate multiple aspects of model performance in simulating a vector field (Xu et al., 2016). The widely-used Taylor diagram can be regarded as a specific case of the VFE diagram.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;
mso-char-indent-count:0;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size: 18px;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2)<span style="font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b></span><span style="font-size: 18px;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Multivariable integrated evaluation method</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 18px; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Based on the VFE method, we further proposed a multivariable integrated evaluation (MVIE) method to support model evaluation on multiple fields (Xu et al., 2017; Zhang et al., 2021). These multiple fields consisting of either scalar or vector fields are normalized and then grouped into a whole¡ªthe multidimensional vector field for evaluation. The statistics of the MVIE measure the model performance in simulating multiple fields from the aspects of amplitude, pattern similarity, and overall difference, respectively.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">However, using the functions provided by the NCL, we cannot yet easily calculate the performance metrics in terms of the vector field or multiple fields. Fortunately, we recently developed a Multivariable Integrated Evaluation Tool (MVIETool; Zhang et al., 2021) coded with the NCL/Python3 to facilitate the multivariable evaluation. MVIETool provides the functions to compute performance metrics regarding the vector field and multiple fields. These functions can take area weighting into account as needed. Meanwhile, they can also add variable weighting to adjust the relative importance of various variables in the performance metrics. Thus, users can conveniently evaluate model performance in terms of either vector field or multiple fields with the support of the tool. <a name="OLE_LINK10"></a><a name="OLE_LINK9">As the NCL and Python are the most popular languages in the atmospheric science community, we believe that our evaluation methods can better support model evaluation if the relevant codes can be incorporated into the NCL/PyNGL.<o:p></o:p></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Your consideration of our proposal is greatly appreciated. We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p><br></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;
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tab-stops:list 18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xu Z., Hou Z., Han Y., and Guo W., 2016: A diagram for evaluating multiple aspects of model performance in simulating vector fields, Geosci. Model Dev., </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2016-172" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;"><span style="font-family: DengXian;">http://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2016-172</span></a></span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;
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tab-stops:list 18.0pt;mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></i></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xu Z., Han Y., and Fu C., 2017: </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Multivariable Integrated Evaluation of Model Performance with the Vector Field Evaluation Diagram. Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 3805¨C3820, </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3805-2017" style="color: rgb(149, 79, 114); text-decoration: underline;">https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3805-2017</a><o:p></o:p></span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style"></style><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: start;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: -webkit-standard; text-align: start;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; text-align: start;"></span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: -webkit-standard; text-align: start;"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-left: 17.85pt; text-indent: -17.85pt; line-height: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.<span style="font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></i></span><span style="font-size: 16px;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Zhang M.-Z., </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">Xu Z., Han Y., and Guo W., </span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";">2021: An improved multivariable integrated evaluation method and tool (MVIETool) v1.0 for multimodel intercomparison, Geosci. Model Dev. </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3805-2017">https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3805-2017</a></span></i></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Best wishes,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Meng-Zhuo Zhang</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">School of Atmospheric Sciences,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Nanjing University<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">Nanjing, 210000<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18px;">China</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; font-size: medium; font-family: DengXian; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p style="margin:0;"><style class="WebKit-mso-list-quirks-style"></style></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></p></div><br><br><span title="neteasefooter"><p> </p></span></div><br><br><span title="neteasefooter"><p> </p></span>