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We welcome and encourage abstract submissions to session <a href="https://agu.confex.com/agu/agu26/prelim.cgi/Session/283115" data-outlook-id="90d545af-f3e4-4a7e-9e2b-463091944766">
SA019 - "Polar Cap Plasma Structuring: What is a Patch?”</a> at the AGU Annual Meeting.</div>
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<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: 500; text-transform: none;">Polar cap patches are traditionally defined as enhancements in plasma density at least twice the background plasma density. However, debate persists on whether this
definition is accurate, helpful, or if "patches" encompass multiple phenomena, given that soft precipitation, Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (TIDs), and Tongues of Ionization (TOIs) can also produce localized plasma density enhancements. These are all
important phenomena for understanding plasma transport, ion-neutral coupling, and currents in the polar region. The high-density plasma is a source of ion upflow/outflow, and manifests as a tracer of multi-scale flow structures. Patches also have operation
impacts such as radio communication and navigation, since dense plasma and associated irregularities alter HF wave propagation and cause scintillation. We invite presentations that can help shed more light on the formation, evolution, classification, and impact
of mesoscale features in the polar cap and how they are influenced by and interact with the broader M-I-T environment.</span></div>
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This session is part of the CEDAR Grand Challenge <a href="https://cedarscience.org/workshop/2025-workshop-what-are-polar-cap-patches" data-outlook-id="ea4dd6d6-b7b2-434f-a0c5-30626b43d8d3">
“Redefining Polar Cap Patches: Understanding High-Latitude Irregularities and their Implications for the Coupled MIT System”</a>.</div>
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<b>Dr. Leslie J. Lamarche</b></div>
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Center For Geospace Science</div>
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SRI International, Menlo Park CA</div>
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Research Engineer</div>
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<b>T</b> +1 (650) 859-2733</div>
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<b>E</b> <a href="mailto:leslie.lamarche@sri.com" data-outlook-id="e149090f-be99-4ab1-bb6e-ea8ada51bb31">
leslie.lamarche@sri.com</a></div>
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