<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)">
<style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Aptos;
panose-1:2 11 0 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Times New Roman \(Body CS\)";
panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0in;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;
mso-ligatures:standardcontextual;}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:#467886;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal-compose;
font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;
color:windowtext;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;}
@page WordSection1
{size:8.5in 11.0in;
margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style>
</head>
<body lang="EN-US" link="#467886" vlink="#96607D" style="word-wrap:break-word">
<div class="WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt">
<span style="color:black">Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="color:black">We are pleased to invite you to submit abstracts to a COSPAR-26-C1.5 session dedicated to solar flares and their effects on planetary atmospheres. The session details are provided below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<b><span style="color:black">Title</span></b><span style="color:black">:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="color:black">Solar Flares and their Impact on the Atmospheres of Earth and Mars <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<b><span style="color:black">Abstract</span></b><span style="color:black">:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="color:black">The influence of solar flares on the Earth's ionosphere and their possible effect on space weather, communication, and navigation systems remains an outstanding issue in solar-terrestrial physics. Solar flares result in a broadband
enhancement to the Sun’s radiative output, from both spectral lines and continua. This sudden increase in solar irradiance causes dynamical and compositional changes in the entire dayside ionosphere.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="color:black">This interdisciplinary session brings together the physics of solar flares, modellers of planetary ionospheres/atmospheres, and specialists in observations of the dynamics of ionospheric parameters (on both Earth and Mars) caused by
solar flares. The session will discuss the driving mechanisms behind changes in solar irradiance and the subsequent geophysical response to deepen our understanding of the solar-terrestrial relationship. We will also discuss this in the context of future solar
missions such as Solar-C.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<b><span style="color:black">Session information:</span></b><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<u><span style="color:#0078D4"><a href="https://www.cospar-assembly.org/admin/session_cospar.php?session=1429" title="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cospar-assembly.org%2Fadmin%2Fsession_cospar.php%3Fsession%3D1429&data=05%7C02%7Cthiemann%40lasp.colorado.edu%7C087cfa7aa0f241addf7108de68030f5c%7Cb1ddd7831dbc446b878fa7b03478ea9e%7C1%7"><span style="color:#0078D4">https://www.cospar-assembly.org/admin/session_cospar.php?session=1429</span></a></span></u><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<b><span style="color:black">Abstract submission:</span></b><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<u><span style="color:#0078D4"><a href="https://www.cospar-assembly.org/assembly/" title="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cospar-assembly.org%2Fassembly%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cthiemann%40lasp.colorado.edu%7C087cfa7aa0f241addf7108de68030f5c%7Cb1ddd7831dbc446b878fa7b03478ea9e%7C1%7C0%7C639062559541772366%7CUnknow"><span style="color:#0078D4">https://www.cospar-assembly.org/assembly/</span></a></span></u><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<b><span style="color:black">COSPAR 2026 information:</span></b><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<u><span style="color:#0078D4"><a href="https://cospar2026.org/" title="https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcospar2026.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cthiemann%40lasp.colorado.edu%7C087cfa7aa0f241addf7108de68030f5c%7Cb1ddd7831dbc446b878fa7b03478ea9e%7C1%7C0%7C639062559541806622%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJF"><span style="color:#0078D4">https://cospar2026.org/</span></a></span></u><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt;caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-variant-caps: normal;orphans: auto;text-align:start;widows: auto;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;word-spacing:0px">
<span style="color:black">We very much look forward to meeting you in Florence!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt">
<span style="color:black">Ed Thiemann, University of Colorado Boulder<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt">
<span style="color:black">Susanna Bekker, Queen’s University Belfast<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:60.0pt;line-height:13.8pt">
<span style="color:black">Louise Harra, ETH Zurich<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>