<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Dear Colleagues,<span></span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">We would like to encourage you to submit an abstract to the Space Weather Panel session PSW.3 Session at the <span><span>COSPAR</span></span>-26
 Scientific Assembly. The session targets improving ionospheric indices and scales to support communication and navigation users 
impacted by ionospheric irregularities and structure. </p><p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><br></p><p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">The
conference will take place in Florence, Italy, from 1–9 August 2026. Abstract submission deadline is 13 February 2026 (<a href="https://www.cospar-assembly.org/assembly.php" style="color:rgb(5,99,193);text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">https://www.<span><span>cospar</span></span>-assembly.org/assembly.php</a><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193);text-decoration:underline">).</span><span></span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p><p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b>PSW.3 description<span></span></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b>Forecasting ionospheric perturbations described by
indices at low, mid, and high latitudes<span></span></b></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><b><span> </span></b><span></span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Ionospheric perturbations and irregularities covering a
wide range of spatial and temporal scales play an important role in the
operation of space-based radio systems such as Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) or remote sensing radars. Customers of these systems are
interested and dependent on the accuracy of forecasts of the occurrence of
ionospheric perturbations. In particular, they require estimation of the type
(temporal, spatial scale), the strength and temporal development of the
perturbation. These perturbations and irregularities can arise from forcing
from the low atmosphere or from the influence of solar wind and interplanetary
magnetic field interaction with the plasma environment of the earth.
Coordinated studies as already initiated by the ISWAT G2B-04 group, are
providing new insights in the generation and propagation of ionospheric
perturbations impacting these trans-ionospheric radio wave customers. Of
particular interest and focus for the session is to explore our capability to forecast
ionospheric indices, the design of a new trans-ionospheric radio wave scale
that has been broadly discussed in former PSW.3 sessions, and eventually to
forecast the magnitude of a new space weather scale. The session will also take
advantage of recent achievements of other ISWAT ionospheric teams.<span></span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Please, feel free to forward this invitation to
colleagues who may also be interested.<span></span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Looking forward to your contributions and to meet you in
Firenze.<span></span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><span> </span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">With best regards,<span></span></p>

<p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Norbert Jakowski, Tim Fuller-Rowel, Rob Steenburgh, Stephan Buchert</p><p style="margin:0in;font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Organizing Committee</p><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div></div>
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