<div dir="ltr"><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px 0px 1.25em;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">Dear Colleagues,</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">We cordially invite you to join two CEDAR Workshops focused on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere (I-T) system studies, with an emphasis on "quiet time" and "storm time" respectively. The workshops will be held from 4-6 PM PT on Monday, June 10, and from 10 AM - 12 PM PT on Friday, June 14.</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">The "quiet time" typically refers to a baseline state of the I-T system, characterized by intervals with low geomagnetic indices. We aim to explore whether the I-T system is at minimal disturbance levels in all aspects during this time. What preconditions are necessary for it to approach such an ideal state? We seek your insights on the I-T ground state in the first workshop.</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">The storm-time I-T system has been a prominent topic in the CEDAR and Heliophysics communities. Recently, a super geomagnetic storm from May 10-12, 2024, has garnered global attention, highlighting storm effects and sparking significant public interest in space sciences. We invite discussions on the opportunities and challenges in I-T system studies during various geomagnetic storms, including the recent significant event.</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">For questions or inquiries, please contact Dr. Qian Wu (<a rel="noreferrer" style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box">qwu@ucar.edu</a>) and Dr. Yongliang Zhang (<a rel="noreferrer" style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box">Yongliang.Zhang@jhuapl.edu</a>).</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">Links to "quiet time": <a href="https://cedarscience.org/workshop/2024-workshop-quiet-ionsopshere">https://cedarscience.org/workshop/2024-workshop-quiet-ionsopshere</a></p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">and "storm time": <a href="https://cedarscience.org/workshop/2024-workshop-challenges-storm-time-it-research">https://cedarscience.org/workshop/2024-workshop-challenges-storm-time-it-research</a></p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">Thank you on behalf of the conveners,</p><p style="border:0px solid rgb(227,227,227);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1.25em 0px;color:rgb(13,13,13);font-family:Söhne,ui-sans-serif,system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-size:16px">Dong Lin</p></div>