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Dear Colleagues,<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
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<div style="margin: 0in;" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" size="3" class="">The XXXIV General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (GASS) of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) will be held in Rome, </font><b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class="">28
August-4 September 2021</b><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class="">, replacing the GASS 2020 cancelled due to COVID 19 pandemic. The URSI committee is implementing a hybrid option for the meeting, allowing both on-site and
remote participation. </span></div>
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<b class="">Call for papers closes soon on 31 January 2021. </b><o:p class=""></o:p></p>
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We would like to draw your attention to the following session:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
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<font face="Calibri, sans-serif" size="3" class=""><b class="">GH2: Plasma Instabilities in the Ionosphere</b></font><br class="">
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<b style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class="">Description</b><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" size="3" class="">:</font><br class="">
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<p class=""><span style="font-size: 15px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">Plasma instabilities in the high, middle, and low latitude ionosphere play a key role in </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">the development and
evolution of structures in the Geospace environment, including processes in </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">both the E and F regions. They often are associated with irregularities which can be experimentally </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">observed
using radar and radio techniques, as well as in-situ observations. Linear and non-linear </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">theory is often used to predict instability thresholds, amplitudes, and velocities. Simulations have </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">recently
been quite successful in the detailed study of irregularity micro-structure, time evolution, </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">and k-space behaviour. This session will encourage discussion of new developments in the </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">theoretical,
simulation, and experimental observations relevant to the study and understanding of </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">ionospheric plasma instabilities. The effects of ionospheric instabilities on other Geospace </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">phenomena
are also of great interest. This includes coupling of the ionosphere to the magnetosphere and impacts of the </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;" class="">lower atmosphere on ionospheric instability growth and development. </span></span></p>
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Conveners: Rob Pfaff and Erhan Kudeki<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: -webkit-standard, serif;" class="">Below are some useful links: <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: -webkit-standard, serif;" class="">GASS 2021 (Rome, 28 August-4 September) <a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ursi2021.org%2F&data=04%7C01%7Crobert.f.pfaff%40nasa.gov%7C2e53d7e3b60840dcd96208d8c227d8bf%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d43da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C637472824621242089%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000&sdata=TB97KryicNYTVGZsQvhpOVaLGXlVerSNgT4%2BM9tMiM4%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://www.ursi2021.org/" shash="OeHcN/QJi6NhP2LK6PXFbwBIYA4aaWi/Ob9vADJ7u1zagNhAx7mtQMZzodMzc/G3VuSyZgLRr+yPOZrOfN4Wu9LIsJxTCeTXN4s0TAqZzQDwUwdTQRDUv2ssfx5XySaafcyxWgc7AAoZf4oiW0nym+6mDBM0FnJabdg3/H7+iic=" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">https://www.ursi2021.org</a> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: -webkit-standard, serif;" class="">COVID 19 Options <a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ursi2021.org%2Fcovid-19%2F&data=04%7C01%7Crobert.f.pfaff%40nasa.gov%7C2e53d7e3b60840dcd96208d8c227d8bf%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d43da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C637472824621252050%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000&sdata=MwU2kRsmNLlB4LeUF9hIvuhVds8hFzf6lxx4hUuXAX4%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://www.ursi2021.org/covid-19/" shash="Rj0LWmRxkDqmgIIQ9RQU+P0Zu529a1dQ982eDwNqA23pLEEHwbcWOU+ot/XkPK8uY0jIp7Gdvkq1cXfvNAp2Nw5o5oOPUvBZM4s1+G8BQXC7QFrcOVHD/w/80BVUNPBWuP2t1GkMdfIJsEQlXFqsNqz9ptnJkXzRZMBtteq4UMY=" title="https://www.ursi2021.org/covid-19/" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">https://www.ursi2021.org/covid-19/</a> <o:p class=""></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: -webkit-standard, serif;" class="">GASS 2021 Program <a href="https://gcc02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ursi2021.org%2Fprogram%2F&data=04%7C01%7Crobert.f.pfaff%40nasa.gov%7C2e53d7e3b60840dcd96208d8c227d8bf%7C7005d45845be48ae8140d43da96dd17b%7C0%7C0%7C637472824621252050%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C2000&sdata=mP9UW%2FwydXyQ2tX5uTOk%2F9CjKM%2BHeT3%2BMIuA0SOecpA%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://www.ursi2021.org/program/" shash="ZqCP02++9RfCeLKG8giKcIdUoR0VKVumgCAREnCpbkn3v1/YUbJbl8saXopeuBlgoC43jk0ST3dZlsg+dxohEAzJD339xah44J0KPGXbfUZ57Xwb0/gDVah4wJQ/NPon4MuJ8GvdZJz05aM0OmMXwWhMnvt0ILjOP7D7FGub3Vs=" style="color: rgb(5, 99, 193);" class="">https://www.ursi2021.org/program/</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">
<span style="font-family: -webkit-standard, serif;" class="">GASS 2021 Abstract submission <font color="#0563c1" class=""><a href="https://www.ursi2021.org/author-info-abstract-submission/" class="">https://www.ursi2021.org/author-info-abstract-submission/</a></font><o:p class=""></o:p></span></li></ul>
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Best wishes,</div>
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<div style="margin: 0in; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">
R. Pfaff and E. Kudeki</div>
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<span style="font-family: -webkit-standard, serif;" class=""> </span></div>
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Dr. Robert F. Pfaff, Jr.<br class="">
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center<br class="">
Mail Code 675.0<br class="">
Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA<br class="">
Voice: (USA) 301-286-6328<br class="">
Fax: (USA) 301-286-1648<br class="">
<a href="mailto:Robert.F.Pfaff@nasa.gov" class="">email: Robert.F.Pfaff@nasa.gov</a><br class="">
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