<html><head><style type='text/css'>p { margin: 0; }</style></head><body><div style='font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: #000000'>Hello Wen,<div><br></div><div>Some of these questions have no simple answer. RAINC is produced by the cumulus parameterization. There are several cumulus schemes available in WRF, so you need to know which one is being used. Each scheme is described in one or more papers, but these may be difficult to understand for those not familiar with cloud dynamics. RAINNC is produced by the cloud microphysics scheme and any other processes that generate precipitation on the grid scale. On scales > 10 km, this is mostly from stratiform clouds. At high resolution < 5 km, grid scale may resolve some cumulus clouds and their precipitation will be included in RAINNC. For domains with resolution < 2-5 km, you should not use any cumulus scheme because most or all convection will be resolved at the grid scale. In this case, RAINC=0. The microphysics schemes are also described in the literature but you need a good understanding of cloud physics.</div><div><br></div><div>Best regards,</div><div><br></div><br><br><div><span name="x"></span>Eric L. Altshuler<br>Research Scientist<br>Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies<br>253 Research Hall, Mail Stop 6C5<div>George Mason University</div><div>4400 University Drive<br>Fairfax, VA 22030 USA<br><br>E-mail: ela@cola.iges.org<br>Phone: (703) 993-5725<br>Fax: (703) 993-5770</div><span name="x"></span><br></div><br><hr id="zwchr"><b>From: </b>"wen" <wenguanhuan@163.com><br><b>To: </b>"wrf-user-list" <wrf-users@ucar.edu>, "wrfhelp" <wrfhelp@ucar.edu><br><b>Sent: </b>Tuesday, August 13, 2013 3:41:06 AM<br><b>Subject: </b>[Wrf-users] about "RAINC" and "RAINNC"<br><br><div style="line-height:1.7;color:#000000;font-size:10px;font-family:arial"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><span style="line-height: normal;">Hi all，</span></font><br><div style="line-height: normal;"><font color="#333333" size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-family: tahoma, verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><span style="line-height: 16.766666412353516px;"><br></span></font><div style="font-family: tahoma, verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><font color="#333333" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 16.766666412353516px;"> I found there were two type of precipitation in wrf-output, which are "RAINC " and "RAINNC". I have some questions about these precipitations. I hope you can help. Thank you!</span></font></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><font color="#333333" size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 16.766666412353516px;"><br></span></font></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#333333"><span style="line-height: 16.766666412353516px;">1) The description of "RAINC"</span><span style="line-height: 16.75px;"> is "ACCUMULATED TOTAL CUMULUS PRECIPITATION". Does it mean that "RAINC" is from </span></font>cumulus parameterization? If so, how the cumulsus scheme calculate the precipitation? Is there any detailed description about the calculation? What is the major factor influencing the "RAINC".</font></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><br></font></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">2) <font color="#333333"><span style="line-height: 16.766666412353516px;"> The description of "RAINNC"</span><span style="line-height: 16.75px;"> is "ACCUMULATED TOTAL GRID SCALE PRECIPITATION". I do not know really what does it mean.</span></font> How is "RAINNC" calculated? What is the major factor influencing the "RAINNC"?</font></div><div style="font-family: tahoma, verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><br></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">3) What is most difference between these two type of precipitation? What are differences between the major factors influence these two type of precipitation?</font></div></div><br><br><br><br><div>--<br><div>Best regards,</div><div>Guanhuan Wen</div></div></div><br><br><span title="neteasefooter"><span id="netease_mail_footer"></span></span><br>_______________________________________________<br>Wrf-users mailing list<br>Wrf-users@ucar.edu<br>http://mailman.ucar.edu/mailman/listinfo/wrf-users</div></body></html>