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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Let me briefly chime in. The crashing issue may be partly
due to the shallowness of the first vertical layer (vertical CFL). Vertical
CFL errors seem to get more common as the first sigma layer approaches .997. Adaptive
time stepping doesn’t seem to take vertical CFL into account. An
ultra-low time step usually will allow the model to run, but not always. Another
option is to adjust the first sigma layer to .9965 or .996. This solution
increased the first layer from ~20m to ~25 -30m, but allowed the time step to
be set to more typical values of ~6*dx. In a 200m nest I am running over
Mt Mitchell, I could never avoid a CFL error using first level sigma=.997.
Increasing the first level to .996 seems to work.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Nick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Nicholas Witcraft, Meteorologist I<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>NC DENR, Division of Air Quality<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Planning Section, Attainment Planning Branch<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>1641 Mail Service Center<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Raleigh, NC 27699-1641<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Phone: 919-715-2106<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Fax : 919-715-7476<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Email: Nick.Witcraft@ncdenr.gov<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Web : http://www.ncair.org<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>*****************************************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>E-mail correspondence to and from this address may be subject to
the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>North Carolina Public Records Law and may be disclosed to third
parties.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>*****************************************************************************************<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
wrf-users-bounces@ucar.edu [mailto:wrf-users-bounces@ucar.edu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Don
Morton<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Monday, September 13, 2010 12:23 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Daniel Steinhoff<br>
<b>Cc:</b> wrf-users@ucar.edu<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Wrf-users] Using diff_opt=2 in complex terrain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>Dan, I'm a computer scientist
who pretends to know weather modeling, but have done quite a few simulations in
the rugged terrain of Alaska. There have been some cases where, with a
1km nest, I've had to start off with sub-second timesteps (I remember going
down to 1/20 of a second in one case). It seems like my problems may have
been related more to instabilities during initialization, and I was able to
kick up the delta_t after a while.<br>
<br>
Have you considered adaptive time stepping, whereby you might be able to start
at an obscenely small timestep and gradually increase its size? Maybe
it's worth your effort (and thousands and thousands of cpu-hours!) to give it a
try and see what happens?<br>
<br>
There was a discussion in this venue maybe 6 or so months ago, relating to use
of the epssm namelist option, though that was more related to dealing with flow
over rugged terrain.<br>
<br>
I don't fully understand many of the options you refer to, but in the back of
my mind I keep thinking of what was drilled in to me during my School of Hard
Knocks days in numerical methods (petroleum engineering back then) - there are
all sorts of methods for "smoothing" solutions, allowing for larger
timesteps, but sometimes you just gotta get back to basics and try the fine
temporal and horizontal resolutions to truly capture the processes you're
interested in. But, this is more "opinion" on my part!<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>On Sat, Sep 11, 2010 at 10:54 PM, Daniel Steinhoff <<a
href="mailto:steinhoff.9@buckeyemail.osu.edu">steinhoff.9@buckeyemail.osu.edu</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Dear wrf-users,<br>
<br>
I am running simulations over the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica, a region
of complex terrain (mountain peaks approaching 4000 m, deep valleys, coastal).
In order to properly simulate cold pools and other features in the
valleys, I'd like to treat diffusion truly horizontally, as Zangl (2002) did in
Alpine simulations with MM5. I've seen in the model documentation and
tutorial presentation that diff_opt=2 should only be used with grid spacing
< 2 km and without PBL parameterization. Running a 32-8-2 km, 40
vertical levels nested simulation, I'd like to keep the PBL scheme. Has
anyone had success using diff_opt=2 for real data cases with a PBL scheme?<br>
<br>
When I try diff_opt=2, with km_opt=2, 3, or 4, the simulations are more
sensitive than otherwise to CFL violations or NaN errors at points on steep
slopes (this is after extensive terrain smoothing of a 200 m terrain dataset).
km_opt=2 runs the longest before crashing (about a half hour), whereas
the other options crash within minutes. Interestingly, these CFL
violations and NaN errors are more prevalent in the outer grids (for example,
either the 32 km or 8 km grids along steep slopes). Might I be better off
running the 32 km and 8 km outer grids with diff_opt=1, and then using ndown
for an inner grid of 2 km and using diff_opt=2? Or is an extremely short
timestep required? I've been down to 60 sec on the 32 km grid. I
have similar problems to above with a 27-9-3-1 km nested grid, 51 vertical
levels (default spacing) setup also.<br>
<br>
If anyone has any ideas or advice I'd appreciate it. I am running WRF
3.2.1 on NCAR bluefire. I've pasted the namelist below from the 32-8-2 km
simulations.<br>
<br>
Dan<br>
<br>
<br>
&time_control<br>
run_days
= 0,<br>
run_hours
= 60,<br>
run_minutes
= 0,<br>
run_seconds
= 0,<br>
start_year
= 2006, 2006, 2006,<br>
start_month
= 04, 04, 04,<br>
start_day
= 15, 15, 15,<br>
start_hour
= 12, 12, 12,<br>
start_minute
= 00, 00, 00,<br>
start_second
= 00, 00, 00,<br>
end_year
= 2006, 2006, 2006,<br>
end_month
= 04, 04, 04,<br>
end_day
= 18, 18, 18,<br>
end_hour
= 00, 00, 00,<br>
end_minute
= 00, 00, 00,<br>
end_second
= 00, 00, 00,<br>
interval_seconds
= 21600,<br>
input_from_file
= .true.,.true.,.true.,<br>
history_interval
= 360, 360, 360,<br>
frames_per_outfile
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
restart
= .False.,<br>
restart_interval
= 720,<br>
reset_simulation_start =
.false.,<br>
auxinput4_inname
= "wrflowinp_d<domain>",<br>
auxinput4_interval
= 360, 360, 360,<br>
io_form_history
= 2,<br>
auxinput4_interval
= 360, 360, 360,<br>
io_form_history
= 2,<br>
io_form_restart
= 2,<br>
io_form_input
= 2,<br>
io_form_boundary
= 2,<br>
io_form_auxinput4
= 2,<br>
nocolons
= .false.,<br>
debug_level
= 0,<br>
auxhist2_outname
= "surface_d<domain>_<date>",<br>
auxhist2_interval
= 0, 0, 60,<br>
io_form_auxhist2
= 2,<br>
/<br>
<br>
&domains<br>
time_step
= 120,<br>
time_step_fract_num
= 0,<br>
time_step_fract_den
= 1,<br>
max_dom
= 3,<br>
e_we
= 200, 161, 193,<br>
e_sn
= 200, 121, 165,<br>
s_vert
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
e_vert
= 40, 40, 40,<br>
dx
= 32000, 8000, 2000,<br>
dy
= 32000, 8000, 2000,<br>
grid_id
= 1, 2, 3,<br>
parent_id
= 0, 1, 2,<br>
i_parent_start
= 1, 68, 54,<br>
parent_id
= 0, 1, 2,<br>
i_parent_start
= 1, 68, 54,<br>
j_parent_start
= 1, 105, 42,<br>
parent_grid_ratio
= 1, 4, 4,<br>
parent_time_step_ratio =
1, 4, 4,<br>
feedback
= 0,<br>
smooth_option
= 0,<br>
num_metgrid_levels
= 38,<br>
num_metgrid_soil_levels = 4,<br>
eta_levels
= 1.00000 , 0.99629 , 0.99258 , 0.98767 , 0.98275 ,<br>
0.97636 , 0.96996 ,
0.96184 , 0.95372 , 0.93357 ,<br>
0.90913 , 0.87957 ,
0.84531 , 0.80683 , 0.76467 ,<br>
0.71940 , 0.67163 ,
0.62198 , 0.57108 , 0.51956 ,<br>
0.46803 , 0.42030 ,
0.37613 , 0.33532 , 0.29764 ,<br>
0.26290 , 0.23092 ,
0.20152 , 0.17452 , 0.14978 ,<br>
0.12714 , 0.10646 ,
0.08761 , 0.07045 , 0.05466 ,<br>
0.03981 , 0.02580 ,
0.01677 , 0.00903 , 0.00000 ,<br>
p_top_requested
= 5000,<br>
interp_type
= 2,<br>
extrap_type
= 2,<br>
t_extrap_type
= 2,<br>
use_levels_below_ground =
.true.,<br>
use_surface
= .true.,<br>
lagrange_order
= 1,<br>
lowest_lev_from_sfc
= .false.,<br>
smooth_cg_topo
= .false.,<br>
force_sfc_in_vinterp
= 1,<br>
smooth_cg_topo
= .false.,<br>
force_sfc_in_vinterp
= 1,<br>
zap_close_levels
= 0.,<br>
sfcp_to_sfcp
= .false.,<br>
use_adaptive_time_step =
.false.,<br>
/<br>
<br>
&dfi_control<br>
/<br>
<br>
&physics<br>
mp_physics
= 6, 6, 6,<br>
mp_zero_out
= 0,<br>
no_mp_heating
= 0,<br>
ra_lw_physics
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
ra_sw_physics
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
radt
= 30, 10,
10,<br>
levsiz
= 59,<br>
paerlev
= 29,<br>
cam_abs_dim1
= 4,<br>
cam_abs_dim2
= 35,<br>
sf_sfclay_physics
= 5, 5, 5,<br>
sf_surface_physics
= 2, 2, 2,<br>
sf_urban_physics
= 0, 0, 0,<br>
bl_pbl_physics
= 5, 5, 5,<br>
bldt
= 0, 0,
0,<br>
grav_settling
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
bldt
= 0, 0,
0,<br>
grav_settling
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
cu_physics
= 3, 0, 0,<br>
cudt
= 5,<br>
cugd_avedx
= 1,<br>
isfflx
= 1,<br>
ifsnow
= 0,<br>
icloud
= 1,<br>
swrad_scat
= 1.,<br>
surface_input_source
= 1,<br>
num_soil_layers
= 4,<br>
num_land_cat
= 24,<br>
num_soil_cat
= 16,<br>
usemonalb
= .false.,<br>
rdmaxalb
= .false.,<br>
rdlai2d
= .false.,<br>
sst_update
= 1,<br>
seaice_threshold
= 0.0,<br>
tmn_update
= 0,<br>
bucket_mm
= -1.,<br>
maxiens
= 1,<br>
maxens
= 3,<br>
maxens2
= 3,<br>
maxens3
= 16,<br>
ensdim
= 144,<br>
slope_rad
= 1,<br>
topo_shading
= 1,<br>
slope_rad
= 1,<br>
topo_shading
= 1,<br>
shadlen
= 25000.,<br>
omlcall
= 0,<br>
oml_hml0
= 50.,<br>
oml_gamma
= 0.14,<br>
isftcflx
= 0,<br>
fractional_seaice
= 1,<br>
seaice_thickness
= 1,<br>
tice2tsk_if2cold
= .true.<br>
/<br>
<br>
&fdda<br>
grid_fdda
= 1, 0, 0,<br>
gfdda_inname
= "wrffdda_d<domain>",<br>
gfdda_interval_m
= 360, 0, 0,<br>
gfdda_end_h
= 60, 0, 0,<br>
io_form_gfdda
= 2,<br>
fgdt
= 0,<br>
if_no_pbl_nudging_uv
= 0, 0, 0,<br>
if_no_pbl_nudging_t
= 0, 0, 0,<br>
if_no_pbl_nudging_q
= 0, 0, 0,<br>
if_zfac_uv
= 1, 0, 0,<br>
k_zfac_uv
= 13,<br>
if_zfac_t
= 1, 0, 0,<br>
k_zfac_t
= 13,<br>
if_zfac_q
= 1, 0, 0,<br>
k_zfac_t
= 13,<br>
if_zfac_q
= 1, 0, 0,<br>
k_zfac_q
= 40,<br>
guv
= 0.0003,0.0000,0.0000,<br>
gt
= 0.0003,0.0000,0.0000,<br>
gq
= 0.0000,0.0000,0.0000,<br>
if_ramping
= 0,<br>
dtramp_min
= 60.0,<br>
grid_sfdda
= 0, 0, 0,<br>
rinblw
= 250.0,<br>
obs_nudge_opt
= 0, 0, 0,<br>
/<br>
<br>
&scm<br>
/<br>
<br>
&dynamics<br>
rk_ord
= 3,<br>
diff_opt
= 2,<br>
km_opt
= 2,<br>
diff_6th_opt
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
diff_6th_factor
= 0.06, 0.06, 0.06,<br>
damp_opt
= 3,<br>
zdamp
= 5000., 5000., 5000.,<br>
dampcoef
= 0.03, 0.03, 0.03,<br>
w_damping
= 0,<br>
base_temp
= 268.,<br>
w_damping
= 0,<br>
base_temp
= 268.,<br>
base_pres
= 100000.,<br>
base_lapse
= 50.,<br>
khdif
= 0, 0,
0,<br>
kvdif
= 0, 0,
0,<br>
smdiv
= 0.1, 0.1,
0.1,<br>
emdiv
= 0.01, 0.01, 0.01,<br>
epssm
= 0.1, 0.1,
0.1,<br>
non_hydrostatic
= .true., .true., .true.,<br>
h_mom_adv_order
= 5, 5, 5,<br>
v_mom_adv_order
= 3, 3, 3,<br>
h_sca_adv_order
= 5, 5, 5,<br>
v_sca_adv_order
= 3, 3, 3,<br>
time_step_sound
= 4, 4, 4,<br>
moist_adv_opt
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
scalar_adv_opt
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
tke_adv_opt
= 1, 1, 1,<br>
gwd_opt
= 0,<br>
/<br>
<br>
&bdy_control<br>
spec_bdy_width
= 5,<br>
spec_zone
= 1,<br>
relax_zone
= 4,<br>
specified
= .true., .false.,.false.,<br>
spec_exp
= 0.,<br>
specified
= .true., .false.,.false.,<br>
spec_exp
= 0.,<br>
periodic_x
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
symmetric_xs
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
symmetric_xe
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
open_xs
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
open_xe
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
periodic_y
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
symmetric_ys
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
symmetric_ye
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
open_ys
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
open_ye
= .false.,.false.,.false.,<br>
nested
= .false.,.true.,.true.,<br>
/<br>
<br>
&grib2<br>
/<br>
<br>
&tc<br>
/<br>
<br>
&fire<br>
/<br>
<br>
&namelist_quilt<br>
nio_tasks_per_group = 0,<br>
nio_groups = 1,<br>
201,2
99%<br>
nio_tasks_per_group = 0,<br>
nio_groups = 1,<br>
/<br>
<br>
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Daniel Steinhoff<br>
Polar Meteorology Group<br>
Byrd Polar Research Center<br>
The Ohio State University<br>
<a href="mailto:steinhoff.9@buckeyemail.osu.edu">steinhoff.9@buckeyemail.osu.edu</a><br>
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Arctic Region Supercomputing Center<br>
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