<p><b>kavulich@ucar.edu</b> 2013-05-07 19:07:09 -0600 (Tue, 07 May 2013)</p><p>-Adding references file, acronyms appendix<br>
-Greatly expanding intro, adding history section<br>
-Merging more information from previous WRFDA write-up<br>
</p><hr noshade><pre><font color="gray">Modified: trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/3dvar.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/3dvar.tex 2013-05-07 20:44:43 UTC (rev 429)
+++ trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/3dvar.tex 2013-05-08 01:07:09 UTC (rev 430)
@@ -4,6 +4,18 @@
\section{Running WRFDA\textendash 3DVAR}
\label{running}
+\subsection{Model background (first guess)}
+\label{background}
+
+The process of data assimilations begins with the background;
+
+GRIB1: gridded-binary
+GRIB2: General Regularly-distributed Information in Binary. Lossy compression (fields truncated to a fixed number of digits), but some lossless options exist. Record-based format, but fields are only identified by code numbers; not named. Vtables (variable tables) are used for keeping track of code numbers to variable identities.
+
+Metgrid interpolates meteorological data to the WRF domain. First, wind components are rotated to the WRF domain, then interpolated to their native grid (for staggering).
+There are several possible interpolation schemes. 4-point bilinear, 16-point overlapping parabolic, 4- or 16-point average, etc (See the WRF User's Guide for more information \citep{WangEA2013})
+
+
\section{Minimization}
\label{minim}
Unlike the QNM technique, the CGM method restricts WRF-Var's inner loop to be completely linear. This limitation is dealt with through the inclusion of an outer loop in WRF-Var, the purpose of which is to iterate towards nonlinear solutions (e.g., observation operators, balance constraints, and the forecast itself in 4D-Var) using the WRF-Var analysis from the previous iteration as new first guess. The outer loop is also used as a form of variational quality control as follows: observations are rejected if the magnitude of the observation minus first guess differences are larger than a specified threshold (typically several times the observation error standard deviation). This {\it errormax} test implicitly assumes the first guess is accurate. However, in cases when this assumption breaks down (i.e. in areas of large forecast error), there is a danger that good observations might be rejected in areas where they are most valuable. The outer loop alleviates this effect by allo
wing observations rejected in previous iterations to be accepted if their updated observation minus analysis differences pass the errormax QC check in in subsequent outer loops. The assimilation of nearby observations in previous iterations essentially provides a ``buddy check" to the observation in question.
Added: trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/acronyms.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/acronyms.tex (rev 0)
+++ trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/acronyms.tex 2013-05-08 01:07:09 UTC (rev 430)
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+\chapter{Acronyms}
+\label{acronyms}
+
+This section highlights the different acronyms used in this technical note, giving their meaning, definitions, and links to more information.
+
+\begin{longtabu} to \linewidth {p{2cm}p{10cm}p{10cm}}
+\rowfont\bfseries Acronym & Meaning & Definition \\ \hline
+\endhead
+
+\\ \rowcolor{light-gray}
+ 3DVAR & Three-dimensional Variational data assimilation &
+\\ 4DVAR & Four-dimensional Variational data assimilation &
+\\ NCAR & National Center for Atmospheric Research & ``A federally funded research and development center devoted to service, research and
+ education in the atmospheric and related sciences'' (\url{http://ncar.ucar.edu/})
+\\ netCDF & network Common Data Form & A machine-independent file format for storing scientific data.
+ \url{http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf}
+\\ MM4 & Fourth-Generation NCAR / Penn State Mesoscale Model & MM5's predecessor model \citep{AnthesEA1987}
+\\ MM5 & Fifth-Generation NCAR / Penn State Mesoscale Model & WRF's predecessor model (\url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu})
+\\ MMM & Mesoscale \& Microscale Meteorology & The division of NCAR that develops and maintains WRF and WRFDA (\url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu})
+\\ WRF & Weather Research and Forecasting model & ``A next-generation mesoscale numerical weather prediction system designed to serve both
+ atmospheric research and operational forecasting needs'' (\url{http://www.wrf-model.org})
+\\ WRFDA & Weather Research and Forecasting model Data Assimilation system & The data assimilation system for the WRF model
+ (\url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/})
+
+\end{longtabu}
Modified: trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/intro.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/intro.tex 2013-05-07 20:44:43 UTC (rev 429)
+++ trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/intro.tex 2013-05-08 01:07:09 UTC (rev 430)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
\chapter{Introduction}
\label{intro}
-This overview supplements the original description of the three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) algorithm found in \citet{barker04}.
+This overview supplements the original description of the three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) algorithm found in \citet{BarkerEA04}.
Data assimilation is the technique by which \textbf{observations} are combined with an NWP product (the \textbf{first guess} or background forecast) and their respective error statistics to provide an improved estimate (the \textbf{analysis}) of the atmospheric (or oceanic, Jovian, etc.) state. Variational (Var) data assimilation achieves this through the iterative minimization of a prescribed cost (or penalty) function. Differences between the analysis and observations/first guess are penalized (damped) according to their perceived error.
The MMM Division of NCAR supports a unified (global/regional, multi-model, 3/4D-Var) model-space data assimilation system (WRFDA) for use by the NCAR staff and collaborators, and is also freely available to the general community, together with further documentation, test results, plans etc., from the WRFDA web-page (\url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/index.html}).
@@ -56,7 +56,23 @@
Following assimilation of all data, an analysis ${\bf x^{a}}$ is produced that must be merged with the existing lateral boundary conditions ${\bf x^{lbc}}$ in the {\it WRF\_BC} utility (\citet{barker03}). At this stage, the {\it wrfbdy} lateral boundary condition files (${\bf x^{lbc}}$) output of WPS/real is updated to make the lateral boundaries consistent with the analysis, and surface fields (e.g. SST) are also updated in the {\it wrfinput} analysis file.
+\section{Basic outline of WRFDA}
+\label{basic-outline}
+A basic run of WRFDA 3D-VAR can be described by a fairly simple set of steps. These steps are presented in brief below, but will be described in detail in later sections.
+
+First, the model background state (${\bf x^{b}}$) must be prepared. This is often referred to as the \textit{first guess} of the system. Since WRF and WRFDA share the same input/output format (by design), this is achieved quite simply by running a WRF forecast, or even more simply by initializing a WRF input file with the WRF Pre-processing System (WPS) and \texttt{real.exe} (the WRF initialization program).
+
+Next, the background error (${\bf B_{0}}$) must be prepared. WRFDA comes prepared with a generic background error that can be used with any domain, but this is only for testing the build of WRFDA; it is \textit{highly} recommended that users prepare their own background error. This can be done using the \textbf{gen\_be} utility which is built in to the WRFDA code. The user can generate their own forecast files from any of a variety of models (WRF, MM5, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) global model, etc.), and generate the background using either the “NMC method” \citep{Parrish_Derber1992} or ensemble methods.
+
+The third basic step of WRFDA 3D-VAR is to prepare the observations (${\bf y_0}$) and their associated error statistics (${\bf R}$R). WRFDA is designed to accept only two main observation formats: LITTLE\_R format (an ascii-based format used since MM5 Version 2 \citep{TempBarker2003}) and PREPBUFR. Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS) data may also be assimilated, but this is not yet officially supported. The reason for limited input formats is to ease standardization and reduce the possibility of errors in the observation input system. If each user converts their own data to LITTLE\_R format it reduces one possible source of bugs in the modeling system. Data in LITTLE\_R format is processed by the WRFDA program OBSPROC, while PREPBUFR data can be assimilated directly.
+
+The fourth step is the heart of the system: Running WRFDA. Once all the previously mentioned data is linked properly, WRFDA can be run. This produces the analysis state (${\bf x^a}$).
+
+The fifth step is updating the boundary conditions, and is only necessary if WRFDA is being used to initialize a WRF model run. While the data assimilation has changed the initial state of the model, the boundary conditions (specifically, the initial tendencies) are still based on the first guess, and so will likely represent an unbalanced atmosphere. The update\_bc program adjusts these boundary conditions based on the difference between the analysis and the background (${\bf x^a} - {\bf{ x^b}}$).
+
+This is the end of the 3D-VAR process, though there may be additional steps required depending on your applications. From here, the analysis can be used to run a WRF forecast (a “cold-start” forecast), which can then further be used to continue in cycling mode (a “warm-start” forecast), where the WRF forecast will be used as the new background state, new observations will be assimilated, and a new forecast run.
+
\subsection{System requirements}
\label{system_requirements}
@@ -111,3 +127,22 @@
\subsection{Compilation}
\label{compile}
+
+\section{WRFDA Development History}
+\label{history}
+
+\subsection{MM5 Data Assimilation}
+\label{history-mm5}
+
+WRF was developed based on the non-hydrostatic Fifth-Generation NCAR / Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5), which was the fifth generation of a mesoscale model originally developed at Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) starting in 1971 \citep{Anthes_Warner1978,AnthesEA1987}. In 1984, additional resources were provided by the NCAR Acid Deposition Modeling Project\footnote{This project was moved to the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) of the State University of New York (SUNY) at Albany in 1987 \citep{ChangEA1990}} (ADMP), allowing for the accelerated development of the model and the eventual release of the Fourth-Generation NCAR / Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM4) in 1987 \citep{Hsie1987}. The model and its related pre- and post-processing tools underwent constant improvements throughout its existence \citep{Gill1992},
+
+The MM5 3D-VAR system was developed starting in early 2000 \citep{TempBarker1999}. While MM5 had a functional 4D-VAR system prior to this\textemdash indeed it had been developed and utilized in various forms since the early days of the model in the 1970s \citep{GrellEA1994}\textemdash it was proprietary and not user-friendly or portable. The MM5 3D-VAR system was built with the goal of making it efficient and stable enough for operational implementation, while remaining robust enough for research applications \citep{BarkerEA2003}. It was also built with a framework such that 4D-VAR could easily be implemented by building on the existing system. In addition, because it was developed at the same time as the WRF model, it was decided early on that the MM5 3D-VAR system should be useable as/within a prototype WRF 3DVAR system. This was important to the future development of WRFDA, reducing wasted effort on developing two independent systems.
+
+\subsection{WRF Data Assimilation}
+\label{history-wrfda}
+
+WRF was developed in the early 2000s as a large collaboration of several organizations, including MMM, the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and Forecast System Laboratory (FSL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) at the University of Oklahoma, and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) \citep{SkamarockEA2005}. WRF was designed “to be a flexible, state-of-the-art, portable code that is efficient in a massively parallel computing environment”, with a source code maintained to be easily configured for both research and operational applications.
+
+In conjunction with the development of WRF, development of WRFDA began as well. Development of WRF 3D-VAR from the MM5 system began as early as 2002 \citep{TempKavulichEA2012}. The basic WRF 3D-VAR package was completed in June 2003, and an upgraded version was released with the WRF Version 2.0 release in May 2004 \citep{TempBarker2003}. With the release of WRF Version 2.1 in August 2005, WRF 3D-VAR was merged with the main trunk of the WRF code \citep{TempBarker2005}. This was in preparation for the release of WRF 4D-VAR.
+
+In 2004 development was started on this 4D-VAR system. The basic functional framework was completed by mid-2005, but has undergone significant refinement since then \citep{HuangEA2009,TempHuangEA2005}.
Modified: trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/quickstart.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/quickstart.tex 2013-05-07 20:44:43 UTC (rev 429)
+++ trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/quickstart.tex 2013-05-08 01:07:09 UTC (rev 430)
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
>ls -l var/build/*exe var/obsproc/src/obsproc.exe
\end{verbatim}
-If the compilation was successful, this command should list 44 executables. The main WRFDA executable is \texttt{da\_wrfvar.exe}; ensure this has been created before continuing.
+If the compilation was successful, this should list 44 executables. The main WRFDA executable is \texttt{da\_wrfvar.exe}; ensure this has been created before continuing.
%%OBSPROC COMMENTED OUT FOR NOW; NOT SURE IF IT SHOULD BE COVERED IN QUICKSTART GUIDE
\begin{comment}
@@ -166,5 +166,6 @@
> ln -sf $WRFDA_DIR/WRFDA/var/da/da_wrfvar.exe .
\end{verbatim}
-You should examine the \texttt{namelist.input} file and get acquainted with the available options. It should already be set up to run the tutorial case, but to run any other case you will likely have to change several values, especially those listed under \texttt{\&wrfvar18}, \texttt{\&wrfvar21}, \texttt{\&wrfvar22}, \texttt{\&time\_control}, and \texttt{\&domains}. The options included in the sample namelist are only a fraction of those available: further information can be found in the ``Running WRFDA\textendash 3DVAR'' section (Section \ref{running}) as well as the namelist appendix (Appendix \ref{namelist}).
+You should examine the \texttt{namelist.input} file and get acquainted with the available options. It should already be set up to run the tutorial case, but to run any other case you will likely have to change several values, especially those listed under \texttt{\&wrfvar18}, \texttt{\&wrfvar21}, \texttt{\&wrfvar22}, \texttt{\&time\_control}, and \texttt{\&domains}. The options included in the sample namelist are only a small fraction of those available: further information can be found in the ``Running WRFDA\textendash 3DVAR'' section (\ref{running}) as well as the namelist appendix (\ref{namelist}).
+You should now be ready to run WRFDA\textendash 3DVAR. It is useful to
\ No newline at end of file
Added: trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/refs.bib
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/refs.bib (rev 0)
+++ trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/refs.bib 2013-05-08 01:07:09 UTC (rev 430)
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+@techreport { AnthesEA1987,
+ title = { Description of the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model: Version 4 (MM4)},
+ author = {Richard Anthes and Eirh-Yu Hsie and Ying-Hwa Kuo},
+ series = {NCAR Technical Note},
+ publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ year = {1987},
+ LCCN = {03174},
+ language = {en},
+ doi = {10.5065/D64B2Z90},
+ copyright = {Copyright 1987 Author. All rights reserved. The user is granted the right to use this resource for non-commerical, non-profit research, or educational purposes only, as are more fully described in the UCAR Terms of Use.},
+ url = {http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/TECH-NOTE-000-000-000-534},
+}
+
+@article { Anthes_Warner1978,
+ title = {Development of Hydrodynamic Models Suitable for Air Pollution and Other Mesometerological Studies},
+ author = {Richard A. Anthes and Thomas T. Warner},
+ journal = {Monthly Weather Review},
+ year = {1978},
+ month = {August},
+ volume = {106},
+ issue = {8},
+ doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(1978)106<1045:DOHMSF>2.0.CO;2},
+ pages = {1045--1078},
+ url = {http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493%281978%29106%3C1045%3ADOHMSF%3E2.0.CO%3B2},
+}
+
+@techreport { BarkerEA2003,
+ title = { A Three-dimensional Variational (3DVAR) Data Assimilation System for Use With MM5},
+ author = {Dale Barker and Wei Huang and Yong-Run Guo and Al Bourgeois},
+ series = {NCAR Technical Note},
+ abstract = {This report describes the three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system designed and built in the MMM Division of NCAR for use with the MM5 modeling system. This, and additional, documentation can be found online at the MM5 3DVAR web-site: http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/3dvar The 3DVAR system described here was also adopted in June 2001 as the starting point for 3DVAR development for the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model. This version of the technical documentation focuses on the use of 3DVAR within the MM5 modeling environment.},
+ publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ year = {2003},
+ LCCN = {03535},
+ language = {en},
+ doi = {10.5065/D6CF9N1J},
+ copyright = {Copyright 2003 Author. All rights reserved. The user is granted the right to use this resource for non-commerical, non-profit research, or educational purposes only, as are more fully described in the UCAR Terms of Use.},
+ url = {http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/TECH-NOTE-000-000-000-393},
+}
+
+@article { BarkerEA2004,
+ title = {A Three-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation System for MM5: Implementation and Initial Results},
+ author = {D. M. Barker and W. Huang and Y-R. Guo and A. J. Bourgeois and Q. N. Xiao},
+ journal = {Monthly Weather Review},
+ year = {2004},
+ month = {April},
+ volume = {132},
+ issue = {4},
+ doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<0897:ATVDAS>2.0.CO;2},
+ pages = {897--914},
+ url = {http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0493%281992%29120%3C1747%3ATNMCSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2},
+}
+
+@techreport { ChangEA1990,
+ title = { The regional acid deposition model and engineering model: NAPAP SOS/T Report 4},
+ author = {Julius S. Chang and Paulette B. Middleton and William R. Stockwell and Chris J. Walcek and Jonathan E. Pleim and Henry H. Lansford and
+ Sasha Madronich and Francis S. Binkowski and Nelson L. Seaman and David R. Stauffer},
+ series = {Acidic Deposition: State of Science and Technology},
+ publisher = {National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program},
+ volume = {I},
+ year = {1990},
+ month = {December},
+ url = {http://gate1.baaqmd.gov/pdf/1993_Acidic_Deposition__Volume_I_Report_4_Regional_Acid_Deposition_Model_Engineering_Model_1990.pdf},
+ address = {Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 20402-9325},
+}
+
+@techreport { Gill1992,
+ title = { A User's Guide to the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Modeling System},
+ author = {David Gill},
+ series = {NCAR Technical Note},
+ abstract = {The MM4 system is a series of FORTRAN programs and accompanying C-shell scripts that runs under UNICOS on the Cray Y-MP8/864 at NCAR. Each of these shells is a standalone script which must be submitted in a specific sequence to the Cray. The MM4 package is a flexible modeling system, implying that a good deal of user interaction is required. Each of the major components of the modeling system has a section in this document describing its standard usage; the initial forecast for any particular case involves running them all. Chapters include TERRAIN, DATAGRID, RAWINS, INTERP, GRAPH, MM4, INIT, TRAJEC, VERIFY. Appendix A: Modeling System Data Formats; Appendix B: Modeling System Input Files; Appendix C: Glossary.},
+ publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ year = {1992},
+ LCCN = {03295},
+ language = {en},
+ doi = {10.5065/D6348HBZ},
+ copyright = {Copyright 1992 Author. All rights reserved. The user is granted the right to use this resource for non-commerical, non-profit research, or educational purposes only, as are more fully described in the UCAR Terms of Use.},
+ url = {http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/TECH-NOTE-000-000-000-192},
+}
+
+@techreport { GrellEA1994,
+ title = { A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5)},
+ author = {Georg Grell and Jimy Dudhia and David Stauffer},
+ series = {NCAR Technical Note},
+ abstract = {This technical report describes the fifth generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model, or MM5. It is intended to provide scientific and technical documentation of the model for users. Source code documentation is available as a separate Technical Note (NCAR/TN-392) by Haagenson et al. (1994). The document structure is as follows: In section 2 we describe the governing equations, algorithms, and boundary conditions. This will include the finite difference algorithms and time splitting techniques of both the hydrostatic and the nonhydrostatic equations of motion (hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic solver). All subsequent sections will describe features common to both solvers. Section 3 discusses the mesh-refinement scheme, section 4 the four-dimensional data-assimilation technique, and section 5 focuses on the various physics options.},
+ publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ year = {1994},
+ LCCN = {03386},
+ language = {en},
+ doi = {10.5065/D60Z716B},
+ copyright = {Copyright 1994 Author. All rights reserved. The user is granted the right to use this resource for non-commerical, non-profit research, or educational purposes only, as are more fully described in the UCAR Terms of Use.},
+ url = {http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/TECH-NOTE-000-000-000-214},
+}
+
+@techreport { Hsie1987,
+ title = { MM4 (Penn State/NCAR) Mesoscale Model. Version 4 Documentation},
+ author = {Eirh-Yu Hsie},
+ series = {NCAR Technical Note},
+ publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ year = {1987},
+ LCCN = {03178},
+ language = {en},
+ doi = {10.5065/D66H4FD7},
+ copyright = {Copyright 1987 Author. All rights reserved. The user is granted the right to use this resource for non-commerical, non-profit research, or educational purposes only, as are more fully described in the UCAR Terms of Use.},
+ url = {http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/TECH-NOTE-000-000-000-566},
+}
+
+@article { HuangEA2009,
+ title = {Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation for WRF: Formulation and Preliminary Results},
+ author = {Xiang-Yu Huang and Qingnong Xiao and Dale M. Barker and Xin Zhang and John Michalakes and Wei Huang and Tom Henderson and John Bray and
+ Yongsheng Chen and Zaizhong Ma and Jimy Dudhia and Yongrun Guo and Xiaoyan Zhang and Duk-Jin Won and Hui-Chuan Lin and Ying-Hwa Kuo},
+ journal = {Monthly Weather Review},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = {January},
+ volume = {137},
+ issue = {1},
+ doi = {10.1175/2008MWR2577.1},
+ pages = {299--314},
+ url = {http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2008MWR2577.1},
+}
+
+@article { Parrish_Derber1992,
+ title = {The National Meteorological Center's Spectral Statistical-Interpolation Analysis System},
+ author = {David F. Parrish and John C. Derber},
+ journal = {Monthly Weather Review},
+ year = {1992},
+ month = {August},
+ volume = {120},
+ issue = {8},
+ doi = {10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120<1747:TNMCSS>2.0.CO;2},
+ pages = {1747--1763},
+ url = {http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/1520-0493%281992%29120%3C1747%3ATNMCSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2},
+}
+
+@techreport { SkamarockEA2005,
+ title = { A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 2},
+ author = {William Skamarock and Joseph Klemp and Jimy Dudhia and David Gill and Dale Barker and Wei Wang},
+ series = {NCAR Technical Note},
+ publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ institution = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
+ year = {2005},
+ LCCN = {03673},
+ language = {en},
+ doi = {10.5065/D6DZ069T},
+ copyright = {Copyright 2005 Author. All rights reserved. The user is granted the right to use this resource for non-commerical, non-profit research, or educational purposes only, as are more fully described in the UCAR Terms of Use.},
+ url = {http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/TECH-NOTE-000-000-000-787},
+}
+
+@techreport { SkamarockEA2008,
+ title = { A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3},
+ author = {William Skamarock and Joseph Klemp and Jimy Dudhia and David Gill and Dale Barker and Michael Duda and Xiang-yu Huang and Wei Wang},
+ series = {NCAR Technical Note},
+ publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ institution = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
+ year = {2008},
+ month = {June},
+ language = {en},
+ doi = {10.5065/D68S4MVH},
+ copyright = {Copyright 2008 Author. All rights reserved. The user is granted the right to use this resource for non-commerical, non-profit research, or educational purposes only, as are more fully described in the UCAR Terms of Use.},
+ url = {http://nldr.library.ucar.edu/repository/collections/TECH-NOTE-000-000-000-855},
+}
+
+@techreport { WangEA2013,
+ title = { A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3},
+ author = {Wei Wang and Cindy Bruy\`{e}re and Michael Duda and Jimy Dudhia and Dave Gill and Michael Kavulich and Kelly Keene and Hui-Chuan Lin and
+ John Michalakes and Syed Rizvi and Xin Zhang},
+ series = {User’s Guide for the Advanced Research WRF (ARW) Modeling System Version 3.5},
+ publisher = {University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ institution = {National Center for Atmospheric Research},
+ chapter = {Chapter 3: WRF Preprocessing System (WPS)},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = {April},
+ url = {http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/user_guide_V3/users_guide_chap3.htm#_Available_Interpolation_Options},
+}
+
+%%THE FOLLOWING ARE TEMPORARY REFERENCES FOR INFORMATIONAL USE ONLY (THEY POINT TO OLD WEBSITES). SHOULD BE REMOVED BEFORE PUBLICATION.
+
+@misc{ TempBarker1999,
+ author = {Dale M. Barker},
+ title = {Overview of NCAR/MMM's 3DVAR System},
+ month = {September},
+ year = {1999},
+ copyright = {Copyright 1999 University Corporation for Atmospheric Research},
+ publisher = {UCAR/NCAR/MMM},
+ howpublished = {\url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm53dvar/docs/3dvar_overview.htm}},
+}
+
+@misc{ TempBarker2003,
+ author = {Barker, Dale M.},
+ title = {Working Group 4: 3D-VAR Data Assimilation},
+ month = {July},
+ year = {2003},
+ howpublished = {\url{http://web.archive.org/web/20040730065033/http://box.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/WG4/}},
+}
+
+@misc{ TempBarker2005,
+ author = {Dale M. Barker},
+ title = {The WRF Variational Data Assimilation System (WRF-Var)},
+ month = {August},
+ year = {2005},
+ howpublished = {\url{http://web.archive.org/web/20051216013621/http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/WG4/wrfvar.htm}},
+}
+
+@misc{ TempHuangEA2005,
+ author = {Xiang-Yu Huang and Qingnong Xiao and Wei Huang and Dale Barker and Ying-Hwa Kuo and John Michalakes and Zaizhong Ma},
+ title = {The Weather Research and Forecasting Model Based 4-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation System [WRF-(4D)Var]},
+ month = {June},
+ year = {2005},
+ howpublished = {\url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/workshops/WS2005/presentations/session10/5-Huang.pdf}},
+}
+
+@misc{ TempKavulichEA2012,
+ author = {Michael J. Kavulich Jr. and Xin Zhang and Xiang-Yu Huang},
+ title = {WRF Data Assimilation System},
+ month = {July},
+ year = {2012},
+ howpublished = {\url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/Tutorials/2012_July/docs/WRFDA_system.pdf}},
+}
+
+@misc{ TempMesouser2003,
+ author = {Mesouser},
+ title = {Program: little_r },
+ month = {April},
+ year = {2003},
+ howpublished = {\url{http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/mm5v3/little_rv3.html}},
+}
Modified: trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/se.tex
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/se.tex 2013-05-07 20:44:43 UTC (rev 429)
+++ trunk/wrfvar/3DVAR_technote/se.tex 2013-05-08 01:07:09 UTC (rev 430)
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
\label{se-intro}
The WRF-Var software is built on the WRF framework, which is documented elsewhere.
-Only a brief summary of that framework is given here, most emphasis is on the
+Only a brief summary of that framework is given here, most emphasis is on the
differences.
-The code runs on Unix platforms with fortran 90 and c compilers. It needs a range of
+The code runs on Unix platforms with fortran 90 and c compilers. It needs a range of
compulsory (NETCDF, LAPACK, BLAS, FFTPACK5, BUFR, makedepf90) and optional (RTTOV, CRTM, MPICH)
external libraries
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
\label{se-platforms}
The WRF-Var software is designed to run Unix machines. The following systems
-and compilers, are supported and have been extensively tested:
+and compilers, are supported and have been extensively tested:
IBM SP powerpc with xlf 10.1.0.3
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@
The following systems are supported but not fully tested due to lack of
access. We believe the the code works on:
- Cray with ftn 5.6.0.0.28
+ Cray with ftn 5.6.0.0.28
Linux EMT\_64 PGI 6.1-4, g95 0.91
ifort
The following platforms are unsupported. The code may work, but we have no
-experience of them, so are unable to offer support.
+experience of them, so are unable to offer support.
Sun (solaris)
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
gfortran
- Absoft
+ Absoft
Lahey
@@ -107,21 +107,27 @@
The software is run from a series of shell scripts which handle job submission across a
range of platforms (Aix, Linux, OS-X, Cray) and queuing systems (Loadleveller, LSF).
-A set of suite scripts has been developed that allows data assimilation cycles
+A set of suite scripts has been developed that allows data assimilation cycles
(reconfiguration, observation processing, data assimilation, forecasting) to be run.
The scripts copy/link files into a directory stucture before use.
Software control is done through namelists. Namelist code is generated automatically
-from the WRF Registry file, together with a script that acuser defined environment
+from the WRF Registry file, together with a script that acuser defined environment
variables and writes namelist files.
Tracing calls added at the top and bottom of key routines allow the program flow to be
-observed, and collect statistics on memory usage and timig that can be used for
+observed, and collect statistics on memory usage and timing that can be used for
optimisation.
Statistics for the cost and gradient functions, and observation statistics are written
to separate files.
+\section{Parallelization}
+\label{parallelization}
+
+
+
+
\section{Run Directory}
\label{se-run-directory}
@@ -165,7 +171,7 @@
README.NMM
README\_test\_cases
Registry
-arch
+arch
chem
clean
compile
@@ -192,8 +198,25 @@
changes/
external/ - advice on compiling external libaries
convertor/ - convert model dumps to other formats
-gen\_be/ - background error generation
+gen\_be/ - background error generation
graphics/ - graphical display tools
scripts/ - Control scripts
wrappers/ - Sample wrapper scripts for different kinds of suites
setup.* - sets up compilation environment (NCAR internal)
+
+\section{Map projections}
+\label{maps}
+
+The WRF system supports four different map projections \citep{SkamarockEA2008}:
+
+Lambert Conformal: conal projection, good for mid-latitudes because it has one or two true latitudes. Can't be periodic or include poles because it will be missing a wedge.
+Mercator projection: special case of Lambert conformal where cone height reaches infinity. Best for low-latitudes, and allows for periodic boundary conditions.
+Polar stereographic: special case of Lambert conformal where cone height reaches zero. Best for poles.
+Finally, Cylindrical equidistant; aka lat/lon grid: Suited for lower latitudes. Must be used for global ARW. Can be rotated!
+
+WRF domains can be nested, however, WRFDA can only be run on a single domain. However, if running with nested WRF, WRFDA can be run for each individual domain, with da\_update\_bc
+
+\section{Nesting}
+\label{nesting}
+
+While WRF domains can be nested, WRFDA can only be run on a single domain. However, if running with nested WRF, WRFDA can be run for each individual domain, with da\_update\_bc
</font>
</pre>