<p><b>kavulich@ucar.edu</b> 2012-06-06 09:06:47 -0600 (Wed, 06 Jun 2012)</p><p>Version 3.4 apparently removed a lot of the diagnostic scripts; they now must be downloaded as part of the WRFDA tools package. Updating the User Guide to reflect this.<br>
</p><hr noshade><pre><font color="gray">Modified: trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc 2012-04-10 18:31:53 UTC (rev 371)
+++ trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc 2012-06-06 15:06:47 UTC (rev 372)
@@ -1,2380 +1,151 @@
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O O Z Z u ? ? N N " N u u u Z > ? N ? N u Z u u 0 ? ? k.T ? 3x B j " # # T w h + u + H u ? Z Z Z
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-
-Chapter 6: WRF Data Assimilation
-
-Table of Contents
- HYPERLINK \l "_Introduction_1"Introduction
- HYPERLINK \l "_Installing_WRF-Var"Installing WRFDA HYPERLINK \l "_Installing_WRF-Var"for 3D-Var Run
- HYPERLINK \l "_Installing_WRFNL_and"Installing HYPERLINK \l "WRFPlus"WRFPLUS HYPERLINK \l "_Instal
ling_WRFNL_and"and WRFDA for 4D-Var Run
- HYPERLINK \l "_Running_Observation_Preprocessor_1"Running Observation Preprocessor (OBSPROC)
- HYPERLINK \l "_Running_WRF-Var_1"Running WRFDA
- HYPERLINK \l "_Radiance_Data_Assimilations"Radiance Data Assimilation in WRFDA
- HYPERLINK \l "Precipitation" Precipitation Data Assimilation in WRFDA 4D-Var
- HYPERLINK \l "_Updating_WRF_lateral_1"Updating WRF Boundary Conditions
- HYPERLINK \l "_Running_gen_be_1"Running gen_be
-HYPERLINK \l "_Additional_WRFDA_Exercises:"Additional WRFDA Exercises
-HYPERLINK \l "_WRFDA_with_Multivariate_2"WRFDA with Multivariate Background Error (MBE) Statistics
- HYPERLINK \l "_WRF-Var_Diagnostics_1"WRFDA Diagnostics
-HYPERLINK \l "_Hybrid_Data_Assimilation_2"Hybrid Data Assimilation
- HYPERLINK \l "_Description_of_Namelist_1"Description
of Namelist Variables
-
-Introduction
-Data assimilation is the technique by which observations are combined with an NWP product (the first guess or background forecast) and their respective error statistics to provide an improved estimate (the analysis) of the atmospheric (or oceanic, Jovian, etc.) state. Variational (Var) data assimilation achieves this through the iterative minimization of a prescribed cost (or penalty) function. Differences between the analysis and observations/first guess are penalized (damped) according to their perceived error. The difference between three-dimensional (3D-Var) and four-dimensional (4D-Var) data assimilation is the use of a numerical forecast model in the latter.
-The MMM Division of NCAR supports a unified (global/regional, multi-model, 3/4D-Var) model-space data assimilation system (WRFDA) for use by the NCAR staff and collaborators, and is also freely available to the general community, together with further documentation, test r
esults, plans etc., from the WRFDA web-page (HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/index.html"http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/index.html).
-Various components of the WRFDA system are shown in blue in the sketch below, together with their relationship with the rest of the WRF system.
-
-xb first guess, either from a previous WRF forecast or from WPS/REAL output.
-xlbc lateral boundary from WPS/REAL output.
-xa analysis from the WRFDA data assimilation system.
-xf WRF forecast output.
-yo observations processed by OBSPROC. (note: PREPBUFR input, radar, radiance, and rainfall data dont go through OBSPROC)
-B0 background error statistics from generic BE data (CV3) or gen_be.
-R observational and representative error statistics.
-In this chapter, you will learn how to install and run the various components of the WRFDA system. For training purposes, you are supplied with a test case, including the following input data:
-an observation file
(which must be processed through OBSPROC),
-a netCDF background file (WPS/REAL output, the first guess of the analysis)
-background error statistics (estimate of errors in the background file).
-This tutorial dataset can be downloaded from the WRFDA Users Page ( HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/testdata.html"http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/testdata.html), and will be described later in more detail. In your own work, however, you will have to create all these input files yourself. See the section HYPERLINK \l "_Running_Observation_Preprocessor_1"Running Observation Preprocessor for creating your observation files. See the section HYPERLINK \l "_Running_gen_be_1"Running gen_be for generating your background error statistics file, if you want to use cv_options=5 or cv_options=6.
-Before using your own data, we suggest that you start by running through the WRFDA- related programs using the
supplied test case. This serves two purposes: First, you can learn how to run the programs with data we have tested ourselves, and second you can test whether your computer is capable of running the entire modeling system. After you have done the tutorial, you can try running other, more computationally intensive, case studies and experimenting with some of the many namelist variables.
-WARNING: It is impossible to test every permutation of computer, compiler, number of processors, case, namelist option, etc. for every WRFDA release. The namelist options that are supported are indicated in the WRFDA/var/README.namelist, and these are the default options.
-Hopefully, our test cases will prepare you for the variety of ways in which you may wish to run your own WRFDA experiments. Please inform us about your experiences.
-As a professional courtesy, we request that you include the following references in any publication that uses any component of the community WRFDA syste
m:
-
-Barker, D.M., W. Huang, Y.R. Guo, and Q.N. Xiao., 2004: A Three-Dimensional (3DVAR) Data Assimilation System For Use With MM5: Implementation and Initial Results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 897-914.
-
-Huang, X.Y., Q. Xiao, D.M. Barker, X. Zhang, J. Michalakes, W. Huang, T. Henderson, J. Bray, Y. Chen, Z. Ma, J. Dudhia, Y. Guo, X. Zhang, D.J. Won, H.C. Lin, and Y.H. Kuo, 2009: Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation for WRF: Formulation and Preliminary Results. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 299314.
-Running WRFDA requires a Fortran 90 compiler. We have tested the WRFDA on the following platforms: IBM (XLF), SGI Altix (INTEL), PC/Linux (PGI, INTEL, GFORTRAN), and Apple (G95/PGI). Please let us know if this does not meet your requirements, and we will attempt to add other machines to our list of supported architectures, as resources allow. Although we are interested in hearing about your experiences in modifying compiler options, we do not recommend making changes to the confi
gure file used to compile WRFDA.
-
-Installing WRFDA for 3D-Var Run
-Obtaining WRFDA Source Code
-Users can download the WRFDA source code from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/get_source.html"http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/get_source.html.
-Note: WRF compiles with the r4 option while WRFDA compiles with r8. For this reason, WRF and WRFDA cannot reside and be compiled under the same directory.
-After the tar file is unzipped (gunzip WRFDAV3.4.TAR.gz) and untarred (tar -xf WRFDAV3.4.TAR), the directory WRFDA should be created. This directory contains the WRFDA source, external libraries, and fixed files. The following is a list of the system components and content for each subdirectory:
-
-Directory NameContentvar/daWRFDA source code var/runFixed input files required by WRFDA, such as background error covariance, radiance-related files, CRTM coefficients, radiance_info and VARBC.in.var/external
-Library
needed by WRFDA, includes CRTM, BUFR, LAPACK, BLASvar/obsprocOBSPROC source code, namelist, and observation error file.var/gen_be
-Source code of generated background errorvar/buildBuilds all .exe files.
-
-Compile WRFDA and Libraries
-Some external libraries (e.g., LAPACK, BLAS, and NCEP BUFR) are included in the WRFDA tar file. To compile the WRFDA code, it is necessary to have installed the netCDF library, which is the only mandatory library if only conventional observational data in LITTLE_R format are to be used.
-> setenv NETCDF your_netcdf_path
-If observational data in the PREPBUFR format are to be used, the NCEP BUFR library must be compiled, and BUFR-related WRFDA code must be generated and compiled after configure/compile. To do this, set the environment variable BUFR before configuring:
-> setenv BUFR 1
-If satellite radiance data are to be used, in addition to the NCEP BUFR library, a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) is required. The current RT
M versions that WRFDA uses are CRTM V2.0.2 and RTTOV V10. WRFDA can be compiled with either of these, or both together, but note than only one may be used in each individual run.
-S t a r t i n g w i t h V 3 . 2 . 1 , C R T M V 2 . 0 . 2 i s i n c l u d e d i n t h e W R F D A t a r f i l e . T o h a v e t h e C R T M l i b r a r y c o m p i l e d a n d t h e C R T M - r e l a t e d W R F D A c o d e g e n e r a t e d a n d c o m p i l e d , s e t t h e e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e C R T M :
- > s e t e n v C R T M 1
- I f t h e u s e r w i s h e s t o u s e R T T O V , d o w n l o a d and install the RTTOV v10 library before compiling WRFDA. This library can be downloaded from HYPERLINK "http://research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm" http://research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm. After using the RTTOV documentation to comp
ile the library, set the RTTOV environment variable to the path where the lib directory resides. For example, if the library files can be found in /usr/local/rttov10/pgi/lib/librttov10.2.0_*.a, you should set RTTOV as:
-
-> setenv RTTOV /usr/local/rttov10/pgi
-Note: Make sure the required libraries were all compiled using the same compiler that will be used to build WRFDA, since the libraries produced by one compiler may not be compatible with code compiled with another.
-Assuming all required libraries are available and the WRFDA source code is ready, start to build WRFDA using the following steps:
-Set your WRFDA directory as the environment variable WRFDA_DIR. For instance, if your WRFDAV3 directory was unpacked in /usr/local:
-> setenv WRFDA_DIR /usr/local/WRFDAV3
-To configure WRFDA, enter the WRFDA directory and run the configure script
-> cd $WRFDA_DIR > ./configure wrfda
-A list of configuration options should appear. Each option combines a compiler typ
e and a parallelism option. Since the configuration script doesnt check which compilers are actually installed on your system, be sure to select only among the options that are available on your system. The available parallelism options are a single-processor compilation (serial), shared-memory parallel compilation (smpar), distributed-memory parallel compilation (dmpar), and distributed-memory with shared-memory parallel compilation (sm+dm). For example, on a Macintosh computer, the above steps will look similar to the following:
-> ./configure wrfda
-checking for perl5... no
-checking for perl... found /usr/bin/perl (perl)
-Will use NETCDF in dir: /users/noname/work/external/g95/netcdf-3.6.1
-PHDF5 not set in environment. Will configure WRF for use without.
-$JASPERLIB or $JASPERINC not found in environment, configuring to build without grib2 I/O...
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Please select from among the following suppor
ted platforms.
-
- 1. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (serial)
- 2. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (smpar)
- 3. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (dmpar)
- 4. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (dm+sm)
- 5. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (serial)
- 6. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (smpar)
- 7. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (dmpar)
- 8. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (dm+sm)
- 9. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (serial)
- 10. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (smpar)
- 11. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (dmpar)
- 12. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (dm+sm)
- 13. Darwin (MACOS) g95 with gcc (serial)
- 14. Darwin (MACOS) g95 with gcc (dmpar)
- 15. Darwin (MACOS) xlf (serial)
- 16. Darwin (MACOS) xlf (dmpar)
-
-Enter selection [1-10] : 13
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Compile for nesting? (0=no nestin
g, 1=basic, 2=preset moves, 3=vortex following) [default 0]:
-Configuration successful. To build the model type compile .
-
-After running the configuration script and choosing a compilation option, a configure.wrf file will be created. Because of the variety of ways that a computer can be configured, if the WRFDA build ultimately fails, there is a chance that minor modifications to the configure.wrf file may be needed.
-Hint: It is helpful to start with something simple, such as the serial build. If it is successful, move on to build dmpar code. Remember to type clean a between each build.
-To compile the code, type
-> ./compile all_wrfvar >&! compile.out
-Successful compilation will produce 43 executables: 42 of which are in the var/build directory and linked in the var/da directory, with the 43rd, obsproc.exe, in the var/obsproc/src directory. You can list these executables by issuing the command:
->ls -l var/build/*exe var/obsproc/src/obsproc.exe
--
rwxr-xr-x 1 users 457145 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_advance_time.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 664481 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_bias_airmass.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 503364 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_bias_scan.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 472964 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_bias_sele.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 483459 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_bias_verif.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 109773 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_rad_diags.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 544457 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_tune_obs_desroziers.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 729502 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_tune_obs_hollingsworth1.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 684831 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_tune_obs_hollingsworth2.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 161834 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_update_bc_ad.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 190117 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_update_bc.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 263431 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/da_verif_grid.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 119380 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/da_verif_obs.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 12224600 Mar 19 12:30 var
/build/da_wrfvar.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 784425 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_cov2d3d_contrib.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 779660 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_cov2d.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 785577 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_cov3d2d_contrib.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 783375 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_cov3d3d_bin3d_contrib.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 786698 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_cov3d3d_contrib.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 775564 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_cov3d.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 771468 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_diags.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 785285 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_diags_read.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 781914 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_ensmean.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 792143 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_ensrf.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 820618 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_ep1.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 813823 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_ep2.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 818134 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_etkf.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 7
83755 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_hist.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 843676 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage0_gsi.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 830544 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage0_wrf.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 808339 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage1_1dvar.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 796045 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage1.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 808574 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage1_gsi.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 940428 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage2_1dvar.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 783758 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage2a.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 791949 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage2.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 573097 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_stage2_gsi.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 791949 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage3.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 775572 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_stage4_global.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 796971 Mar 19 12:18 var/build/gen_be_stage4_regional.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 776963 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_be_
vertloc.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 849562 Mar 19 12:27 var/build/gen_mbe_stage2.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 users 880049 Mar 19 12:30 var/obsproc/src/obsproc.exe
-The main executable for running WRFDA is da_wrfvar.exe. Make sure it has been created after the compilation: it is possible that all other utilities may get successfully compiled, while the main da_wrfvar.exe fails. If this occurs, please check the compilation log file carefully for any errors.
-The basic gen_be utility for the regional model consists of gen_be_stage0_wrf.exe, gen_be_stage1.exe, gen_be_stage2.exe, gen_be_stage2a.exe, gen_be_stage3.exe, gen_be_stage4_regional.exe, and gen_be_diags.exe.
-da_updated_bc.exe is used for updating the WRF lower and lateral boundary conditions before and after a new WRFDA analysis is generated.
-da_advance_time.exe is a very handy and useful tool for date/time manipulation. Type $WRFDA_DIR/var/build/da_advance_time.exe to see its usage instruction.
-obsproc.exe is the executable f
or preparing conventional data for WRFDA.
-If you specified that BUFR or CRTM libraries were needed, check $WRFDA_DIR/var/external/bufr and $WRFDA_DIR/var/external/crtm to check if the libbufr.a and libcrtm.a were generated.
-Clean Compilation
-To remove all object files and executables, type:
-clean
-To remove all build files, including configure.wrfda, type:
-clean -a
-The clean a command is recommended if compilation fails or the configuration file is changed.
-
-Installing WRFPLUS and WRFDA for 4D-Var Run
-If you intend to run WRF 4D-Var, it is necessary to have WRFPLUS installed. WRFPLUS contains the adjoint and tangent linear models based on a simplified WRF model, which only includes a few simplified physics packages, such as surface drag, large scale condensation and precipitation, cumulus precipitation. As of V3.4, WRF 4D-Var can be compiled to be run in parallel.
-To install WRFPLUS V3.4:
-Get the WRFPLUS zipped tar file from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.uc
ar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/wrfplus.html"http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/wrfplus.html
-Unzip and untar the file for WRFPLUS, then run the configure script
-> gunzip WRFPLUSV3.4.TAR.gz
-> tar -xf WRFPLUSV3.4.TAR
-> cd WRFPLUSV3
-> ./configure wrfplus
-As with 3D-Var, serial means single-processor, and dmpar means Distributed Memory Parallel (MPI)
-Compile WRFPLUS
-> ./compile em_real
-> ls -ls main/*.exe
-You should see the following files:
--rwxr-xr-x 1 user users 23179920 Apr 3 15:22 main/ndown.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 user users 22947466 Apr 3 15:22 main/nup.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 user users 23113961 Apr 3 15:22 main/real.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 user users 22991725 Apr 3 15:22 main/tc.exe
--rwxr-xr-x 1 user users 32785447 Apr 3 15:20 main/wrf.exe
-Finally, set the environment variable WRFPLUS_DIR to the appropriate directory:
->setenv WRFPLUS_DIR ${your_source_code_dir}/WRFPLUSV3
-To install WRFDA for the 4D-Var run:
-If you in
tend to use observational data in the PREPBUFR format, or if you intend to assimilate satellite radiance data, you need to set environment variables for BUFR, CRTM, and/or RTTOV. See the previous 3D-Var section for instructions.
->./configure 4dvar >& compile.out
-Note: As of V3.4, WRFDA 4D-Var may be compiled to run in parallel mode.
->./compile all_wrfvar >ls -ls var/build/*.exe var/obsproc/*.exe
-You should see the same 43 executables as are listed in the above 3D-Var section, including da_wrfvar.exe
-
-Running Observation Preprocessor (OBSPROC)
-The OBSPROC program reads observations in LITTLE_R format (a legendary ASCII format, in use since the MM5 era). The LITTLE_R format is also used in the OBSGRID program. Please refer to the documentation in HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/user_guide_V3/users_guide_chap7.htm" \l "format" Chapter 7 of this Users Guide for the LITTLE_R format description. For your applicati
ons, besides those observations provided for the tutorial case, you will have to prepare your own observation files. Please see HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/free_data.html" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/free_data.html for the sources of some freely-available observations. Because the raw observation data files have many possible formats, such as ASCII, BUFR, PREPBUFR, MADIS, and HDF, the free data site also contains instructions for converting the observations to LITTLE_R format. To make the WRFDA system as general as possible, the LITTLE_R format was adopted as an intermediate observation data format for the WRFDA system, however, the conversion of the user-specific source data to the LITTLE_R format observation data file is the users task. A more complete description of the LITTLE_R format and conventional observation data sources for WRFDA can be found by reading the tutorial found at HYPERLINK "http
://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/Tutorials/2010_Aug/tutorial_presentation_summer_2010.html" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/Tutorials/2010_Aug/tutorial_presentation_summer_2010.html.
-The purposes of OBSPROC are to:
-Remove observations outside the specified temporal and spatial domains
-Re-order and merge duplicate (in time and location) data reports
-Retrieve pressure or height based on observed information using the hydrostatic assumption
-Check multi-level observations for vertical consistency and super adiabats
-Assign observational errors based on a pre-specified error file
-Write out the observation file to be used by WRFDA in ASCII or BUFR format
-The OBSPROC program (obsproc.exe) should be found under the directory $WRFDA_DIR/var/obsproc/src if compile all_wrfvar completed successfully.
-a. Prepare observational data for 3D-Var
-As an example, to prepare the observation file at the analysis time (0h for 3D-Var), all the observations in the rang
e 1h will be processed, which means that the observations between 23h and 1h are treated as the observations at 0h. This is illustrated in the following figure:
-
-Before running obsproc.exe, create the required namelist file namelist.obsproc (see $WRFDA_DIR/var/obsproc/README.namelist, or the section HYPERLINK \l "_Description_of_Namelist_1"Description of Namelist Variables for details.
-For your reference, the example file namelist_obsproc.3dvar.wrfvar-tut has been provided in the var/obsproc directory. Thus, proceed as follows.
-> cd $WRFDA_DIR/var/obsproc > cp namelist.obsproc.3dvar.wrfvar-tut namelist.obsproc
-Next, edit the namelist file, namelist.obsproc, to accommodate your experiments. You will likely only need to change variables listed under records 1, 2, 6, 7, and 8. See the section HYPERLINK \l "_Description_of_Namelist_1"Description of Namelist Variables for details; you should pay special attention to NESTIX and NESTJX.
-Note that while the data for the tutorial case is provided in the obsproc directory, your own data may be located elsewhere, so long as its location is properly specified in the namelist.obsproc file.
-To run OBSPROC, type
- > obsproc.exe >&! obsproc.out
-Once obsproc.exe has completed successfully, you will see an observation data file, with the name formatted obs_gts_YYYY-MM-DD_HH:NN:SS.3DVAR, in the obsproc directory. For the tutorial case, this will be obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR. This is the input observation file to WRFDA. It is an ASCII file that contains a header section (listed below) followed by observations. The meanings and format of observations in the file are described in the last six lines of the header section.
-TOTAL = 9066, MISS. =-888888.,
-SYNOP = 757, METAR = 2416, SHIP = 145, BUOY = 250, BOGUS = 0, TEMP = 86,
-AMDAR = 19, AIREP = 205, TAMDAR= 0, PILOT = 85, SATEM = 106, SATOB = 2556,
-GPS
PW = 187, GPSZD = 0, GPSRF = 3, GPSEP = 0, SSMT1 = 0, SSMT2 = 0,
-TOVS = 0, QSCAT = 2190, PROFL = 61, AIRSR = 0, OTHER = 0,
-PHIC = 40.00, XLONC = -95.00, TRUE1 = 30.00, TRUE2 = 60.00, XIM11 = 1.00, XJM11 = 1.00,
-base_temp= 290.00, base_lapse= 50.00, PTOP = 1000., base_pres=100000., base_tropo_pres= 20000., base_strat_temp= 215.,
-IXC = 60, JXC = 90, IPROJ = 1, IDD = 1, MAXNES= 1,
-NESTIX= 60,
-NESTJX= 90,
-NUMC = 1,
-DIS = 60.00,
-NESTI = 1,
-NESTJ = 1,
-INFO = PLATFORM, DATE, NAME, LEVELS, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, ELEVATION, ID.
-SRFC = SLP, PW (DATA,QC,ERROR).
-EACH = PRES, SPEED, DIR, HEIGHT, TEMP, DEW PT, HUMID (DATA,QC,ERROR)*LEVELS.
-INFO_FMT = (A12,1X,A19,1X,A40,1X,I6,3(F12.3,11X),6X,A40)
-SRFC_FMT = (F12.3,I4,F7.2,F12.3,I4,F7.3)
-EACH_FMT = (3(F12.3,I4,F7.2),11X,3(F12.3,I4,F7.2),11X,3(F12.3,I4,F7.2))
-#---------------------------------------
---------------------------------------#
- observations
-Before running WRFDA, you may find it useful to learn more about various types of data that will be processed to WRFDA (e.g., their geographical distribution). This file is in ASCII format and so you can easily view it. For a graphical view of the file's content, use the MAP_plot utility to see the data distribution for each type of observation. To use this utility, proceed to the MAP_plot directory, then compile by typing make.
-If the build fails, it is likely due to an improper configuration file. By viewing the contents of the MAP_plot directory, you will see we have prepared some configure.user.ibm/OS files (where OS is the type of operating system) for some platforms. When make is typed, the Makefile uses one of them to determine the compiler and compiler option. Modify the Makefile and configure.user.xxx to accommodate the complier on your platform, then type make to attempt the compilation again.
Successful compilation will produce Map.exe. The following instructions are for the tutorial case, but can easily be configured for your own data by changing the appropriate dates and file names.
-Note: The successful compilation of Map.exe requires pre-installed NCARG Graphics libraries under $(NCARG_ROOT)/lib.
-Modify the script Map.csh to set the time window and full path of the input observation file (obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR). You will need to set the following strings in this script as follows:
-Map_plot = $WRFDA_DIR/var/obsproc/MAP_plot
-TIME_WINDOW_MIN = 2008020511
- TIME_ANALYSIS = 2008020512
- TIME_WINDOW_MAX = 2008020513 OBSDATA = ../obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR
-Next, type Map.csh to run the script
-When the job has completed, you will have a gmeta file, gmeta.2008020512. This contains plots of data distribution for each type of observation contained in the OBS data file: obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR. To view this, type
->
idt gmeta.2008020512
-It will display a panel-by-panel geographical distribution of various types of data. The following graphic shows the geographic distribution of sonde observations for this case.
-
-An alternative way to plot the observations is to use the ncl script: $WRFDA_DIR/var/graphics/ncl/plot_ob_ascii_loc.ncl. With this method, however, you need to provide the first guess file to the ncl script, and have ncl installed in your system.
-b. Prepare observational data for 4D-Var
-To prepare the observation file, for example, at the analysis time 0h for 4D-Var, all observations from 0h to 6h will be processed and grouped in 7 sub-windows (slot1 through slot7) as illustrated in the following figure:
-
-NOTE: The Analysis time in the above figure is not the actual analysis time (0h). It indicates the time_analysis setting in the namelist file and is set to three hours later than the actual analysis time. The actual analysis time is still 0h.
-An example file (nam
elist_obsproc.4dvar.wrfvar-tut) has already been provided in the var/obsproc directory. Thus, proceed as follows:
-> cd $WRFDA_DIR/var/obsproc > cp namelist.obsproc.4dvar.wrfvar-tut namelist.obsproc
-In the namelist file, you need to change the following variables to accommodate your experiments. In this tutorial case, the actual analysis time is 2008-02-05_12:00:00, but in the namelist, the time_analysis should be set to 3 hours later. The different values of time_analysis, num_slots_past, and time_slots_ahead contribute to the actual times analyzed. For example, if you set time_analysis = 2008-02-05_16:00:00, and set the num_slots_past = 4 and time_slots_ahead=2, the final results will be the same as before.
-Edit all the domain settings according to your own experiment. You should pay special attention to NESTIX and NESTJX, which is described in the section HYPERLINK \l "_Description_of_Namelist_1"Description of Namelist Variables for details.
-To ru
n OBSPROC, type
-> obsproc.exe >&! obsproc.out
-Once obsproc.exe has completed successfully, you will see 7 observation data files, which for the tutorial case are named
-
-obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.4DVAR
-obs_gts_2008-02-05_13:00:00.4DVAR
-obs_gts_2008-02-05_14:00:00.4DVAR
-obs_gts_2008-02-05_15:00:00.4DVAR
-obs_gts_2008-02-05_16:00:00.4DVAR
-obs_gts_2008-02-05_17:00:00.4DVAR
-obs_gts_2008-02-05_18:00:00.4DVAR
-They are the input observation files to WRF 4D-Var. As with 3D-Var, you can use MAP_Plot to view the geographic distribution of different observations at different time slots.
-
-Running WRFDA
-a. Download Test Data
-The WRFDA system requires three input files to run:
- a) WRF first guess and boundary input files output from either WPS/real (cold-start) or WRF forecast (warm-start)
-b) Observations (in ASCII format, PREPBUFR or BUFR for radiance)
-c) A background error statistics file (containing background error covariance)
-The following table summari
zes the above info:
-Input DataFormatCreated ByFirst Guess
-NETCDFWRF Preprocessing System (WPS) and real.exe
-or WRFObservationsASCII
-(PREPBUFR also possible) HYPERLINK \l "_Running_Observation_Preprocessor"Observation Preprocessor (OBSPROC)Background Error StatisticsBinary HYPERLINK \l "_Running_gen_be"WRFDA gen_be utility
-/Default CV3In the test case, you will store data in a directory defined by the environment variable $DAT_DIR. This directory can be in any location, and it should have read access. Type
- > setenv DAT_DIR your_choice_of_dat_dir
-Here, your_choice_of_dat_dir is the directory where the WRFDA input data is stored. If it does not exist, create this directory by typing
- > mkdir $DAT_DIR
-Download the test data for a the tutorial case, valid at 12 UTC 5th February 2008, from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/testdata.html"http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/down
load/testdata.html
-Once you have downloaded the WRFDAV3.4-testdata.tar.gz file to $DAT_DIR, extract it by typing
- > gunzip WRFDAV3.4-testdata.tar.gz > tar -xvf WRFDAV3.4-testdata.tar
-Now you should find the following four files under $DAT_DIR
-ob/2008020512/ob.2008020512 # Observation data in little_r format rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01 # First guess file rc/2008020512/wrfbdy_d01 # lateral boundary file be/be.dat # Background error file
-......
-At this point you should have three of the input files (first guess, observations from OBSPROC, and background error statistics files in the directory $DAT_DIR) required to run WRFDA, and have successfully downloaded and compiled the WRFDA code. If this is correct, you are ready to learn how to run WRFDA.
-b. Run the Case3D-Var
-The data for the tutorial case is valid at 12 UTC 5 February 2008. The first guess comes from the NCEP FNL (Final) Operational Global Analysis data, passed through
the WRF-WPS and real programs.
-To run WRF 3D-Var, first create and enter into a working directory (for example, $WRFDA_DIR/workdir), and set the environment variable WORK_DIR to this directory (e.g., setenv WORK_DIR $WRFDA_DIR/workdir). Then follow the steps below:
-> cd $WORK_DIR
-> cp $WRFDA_DIR/var/test/tutorial/namelist.input .
-> ln -sf $WRFDA_DIR/run/LANDUSE.TBL .
-> ln -sf $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01 ./fg
-> ln -sf $WRFDA_DIR/var/obsproc/obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR ./ob.ascii (note the different name!)
-> ln -sf $DAT_DIR/be/be.dat .
-> ln -sf $WRFDA_DIR/var/da/da_wrfvar.exe .
-
-Now edit the file namelist.input, which is a very basic namelist for the tutorial test case, and is shown below.
-&wrfvar1
-var4d=false,
-print_detail_grad=false,
-/
-&wrfvar2
-/
-&wrfvar3
-ob_format=2,
-/
-&wrfvar4
-/
-&wrfvar5
-/
-&wrfvar6
-max_ext_its=1,
-ntmax=50,
-orthonorm_gradient=true,
-/
-&wrfvar7
-cv_options=5,
-/
-
&wrfvar8
-/
-&wrfvar9
-/
-&wrfvar10
-test_transforms=false,
-test_gradient=false,
-/
-&wrfvar11
-/
-&wrfvar12
-/
-&wrfvar13
-/
-&wrfvar14
-/
-&wrfvar15
-/
-&wrfvar16
-/
-&wrfvar17
-/
-&wrfvar18
-analysis_date="2008-02-05_12:00:00.0000",
-/
-&wrfvar19
-/
-&wrfvar20
-/
-&wrfvar21
-time_window_min="2008-02-05_11:00:00.0000",
-/
-&wrfvar22
-time_window_max="2008-02-05_13:00:00.0000",
-/
-&wrfvar23
-/
-&time_control
-start_year=2008,
-start_month=02,
-start_day=05,
-start_hour=12,
-end_year=2008,
-end_month=02,
-end_day=05,
-end_hour=12,
-/
-&fdda
-/
-&domains
-e_we=90,
-e_sn=60,
-e_vert=41,
-dx=60000,
-dy=60000,
-/
-&dfi_control
-/
-&tc
-/
-&physics
-mp_physics=3,
-ra_lw_physics=1,
-ra_sw_physics=1,
-radt=60,
-sf_sfclay_physics=1,
-sf_surface_physics=1,
-bl_pbl_physics=1,
-cu_physics=1,
-cudt=5,
-num_soil_layers=5,
-mp_zero_out=2,
-co2tf=0,
-/
-&scm
-/
-&
dynamics
-/
-&bdy_control
-/
-&grib2
-/
-&fire
-/
-&namelist_quilt
-/
-&perturbation
-/
-
-No edits should be needed if you are running the tutorial case without radiance data. If you plan to use the PREPBUFR format data, change the ob_format=1 in &wrfvar3 in namelist.input and link the data as ob.bufr,
-
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020512/gds1.t12.prepbufr.nr ob.bufr
-
-Please note: Although WRFDA does not include any physics packages listed in &physics, users still have to keep the namelist options in &physics the same as which in your firstguess (use ncdump h fg to get the physics options the firstguess uses), as the WRFDA I/O utility decides which 4D variables will be output based on the physics options.
-Once you have changed any other necessary namelist variables, run WRFDA 3D-Var:
-> da_wrfvar.exe >&! wrfda.log
-The file wrfda.log (or rsl.out.0000, if run in distributed-memory mode) contains important WRFDA runtime log
information. Always check the log after a WRFDA run:
-*** VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS ***
- DYNAMICS OPTION: Eulerian Mass Coordinate
- alloc_space_field: domain 1, 606309816 bytes allocat
- ed
- WRF TILE 1 IS 1 IE 89 JS 1 JE 59
- WRF NUMBER OF TILES = 1
-Set up observations (ob)
-
-Using ASCII format observation input
-
- scan obs ascii
- end scan obs ascii
-Observation summary
- ob time 1
- sound 86 global, 86 local
- synop 757 global, 750 local
- pilot 85 global, 85 local
- satem 106 global, 105 local
- geoamv 2556 global, 2499 local
- polaramv 0 global, 0 local
- airep 224 global, 221 local
- gpspw 187 global, 187 local
- gpsrf 3 global, 3 local
- metar 2416 global, 2408 local
-
ships 145 global, 140 local
- ssmi_rv 0 global, 0 local
- ssmi_tb 0 global, 0 local
- ssmt1 0 global, 0 local
- ssmt2 0 global, 0 local
- qscat 2190 global, 2126 local
- profiler 61 global, 61 local
- buoy 247 global, 247 local
- bogus 0 global, 0 local
- pseudo 0 global, 0 local
- radar 0 global, 0 local
- radiance 0 global, 0 local
- airs retrieval 0 global, 0 local
- sonde_sfc 86 global, 86 local
- mtgirs 0 global, 0 local
- tamdar 0 global, 0 local
-
-Set up background errors for regional application for cv_options = 5
-
- Using the averaged regression coefficients for un
balanced part
-
- WRF-Var dry control variables are:psi, chi_u, t_u and ps_u
- Humidity control variable is rh
-
-Vertical truncation for psi = 15( 99.00%)
-
-Vertical truncation for chi_u = 20( 99.00%)
-
-Vertical truncation for t_u = 29( 99.00%)
-
-Vertical truncation for rh = 22( 99.00%)
-
-
- Scaling: var, len, ds: 0.100000E+01 0.100000E+01 0.600000E+05
- Scaling: var, len, ds: 0.100000E+01 0.100000E+01 0.600000E+05
- Scaling: var, len, ds: 0.100000E+01 0.100000E+01 0.600000E+05
- Scaling: var, len, ds: 0.100000E+01 0.100000E+01 0.600000E+05
- Scaling: var, len, ds: 0.100000E+01 0.100000E+01 0.600000E+05
-Calculate innovation vector(iv)
-
-Minimize cost function using CG method
-
-Starting outer iteration : 1
-Starting cost function: 2.53214888D+04, Gradient= 2.90675545D+02
-For this outer iteration gradient target is: 2.90675545D+00
---------------------------------------------------
--------
-Iter Cost Function Gradient Step
- 1 2.32498037D+04 2.55571188D+02 4.90384516D-02
- 2 2.14988144D+04 2.22354203D+02 5.36154186D-02
- 3 2.01389088D+04 1.62537907D+02 5.50108123D-02
- 4 1.93433827D+04 1.26984567D+02 6.02247687D-02
- 5 1.88877194D+04 9.84565874D+01 5.65160951D-02
- 6 1.86297777D+04 7.49071361D+01 5.32184146D-02
- 7 1.84886755D+04 5.41516421D+01 5.02941363D-02
- 8 1.84118462D+04 4.68329312D+01 5.24003071D-02
- 9 1.83485166D+04 3.53595537D+01 5.77476335D-02
- 10 1.83191278D+04 2.64947070D+01 4.70109040D-02
- 11 1.82984221D+04 2.06996271D+01 5.89930206D-02
- 12 1.82875693D+04 1.56426527D+01 5.06578447D-02
- 13 1.82807224D+04 1.15892153D+01 5.59631997D-02
- 14 1.82773339D+04 8.74778514D+00 5.04582959D-02
- 15 1.8
2751663D+04 7.22150257D+00 5.66521675D-02
- 16 1.82736284D+04 4.81374868D+00 5.89786400D-02
- 17 1.82728636D+04 3.82286871D+00 6.60104384D-02
- 18 1.82724306D+04 3.16737517D+00 5.92526480D-02
- 19 1.82721735D+04 2.23392283D+00 5.12604438D-02
-----------------------------------------------------------
-
-Inner iteration stopped after 19 iterations
-
-Final: 19 iter, J= 1.98187399D+04, g= 2.23392283D+00
-----------------------------------------------------------
-
-Diagnostics
- Final cost function J = 19818.74
-
- Total number of obs. = 39800
- Final value of J = 19818.73988
- Final value of Jo = 16859.85861
- Final value of Jb = 2958.88127
- Final value of Jc = 0.00000
- Final value of Je = 0.00000
- Final value of Jp = 0.00000
- Final value of Jl =
0.00000
- Final J / total num_obs = 0.49796
- Jb factor used(1) = 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- Jb factor used(2) = 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- Jb factor used(3) = 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- Jb factor used(4) = 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- Jb factor used(5) = 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
- 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
1.00000
- Jb factor used = 1.00000
- Je factor used = 1.00000
- VarBC factor used = 1.00000
-
- *** WRF-Var completed successfully ***
-The file namelist.output (which contains the complete namelist settings) will be generated after a successful run of da_wrfvar.exe. The settings appearing in namelist.output, but not specified in your namelist.input, are the default values from $WRFDA_DIR/Registry/Registry.wrfvar.
-After successful completion, wrfvar_output (the WRFDA analysis file, i.e. the new initial condition for WRF) should appear in the working directory along with a number of diagnostic files. Various text diagnostics output files will be explained in the next section ( HYPERLINK \l "_WRF-Var_Diagnostics_1"WRFDA Diagnostics).
-To understand the role of various important WRFDA options, try re-running WRFDA by changing different namelist options. For example, try making the WRFDA converg
ence criterion more stringent. This is achieved by reducing the value of EPS to e.g. 0.0001 by adding "EPS=0.0001" in the namelist.input record &wrfvar6. See the section (HYPERLINK \l "_Additional_WRFDA_Exercises:_1"WRFDA additional exercises) for more namelist options.
-c. Run the Case4D-Var
-To run WRF 4D-Var, first create and enter a working directory, such as $WRFDA_DIR/workdir. Set the WORK_DIR environment variable (e.g. setenv WORK_DIR $WRFDA_DIR/workdir)
-For the tutorial case, the analysis date is 2008020512 and the test data directories are:
-> setenv DAT_DIR {directory where data is stored}
-> ls lr $DAT_DIR
-ob/2008020512
-ob/2008020513
-ob/2008020514
-ob/2008020515
-ob/2008020516
-ob/2008020517
-ob/2008020518
-rc/2008020512
-be
-Note: WRFDA 4D-Var is able to assimilate conventional observational data, satellite radiance BUFR data, radar data, and precipitation data. The input data format can be PREPBUFR format data or obser
vation data, processed by OBSPROC.
-Now follow the steps below:
-1) Link the executables.
-> cd $WORK_DIR
-> ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/var/da/da_wrfvar.exe .
-2) Link the observational data, first guess, BE and LANDUSE.TBL, etc.
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020512/ob.ascii+ ob01.ascii
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020513/ob.ascii ob02.ascii
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020514/ob.ascii ob03.ascii
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020515/ob.ascii ob04.ascii
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020516/ob.ascii ob05.ascii
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020517/ob.ascii ob06.ascii
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020518/ob.ascii- ob07.ascii
-
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01 .
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfbdy_d01 .
-> ln -fs wrfinput_d01 fg
-
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/be/be.dat .
-> ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/run/LANDUSE.TBL .
-> ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/run/GENPARM.TBL .
-> ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/run/SOILPARM.TBL .
-> ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/run/VEGPARM.TBL .
-> ln fs $WRFDA_DIR/ru
n/RRTM_DATA_DBL RRTM_DATA
-3) Copy the sample namelist
-> cp $WRFDA_DIR/var/test/4dvar/namelist.input .
-4) Edit necessary namelist variables, link optional files
-Starting with V3.4, WRFDA 4D-Var has the capability to consider lateral boundary conditions as control variables as well during minimization. The namelist variable var4d_lbc=true turns on this capability. To enable this option, WRF 4D-Var needs not only the first guess at the beginning of the time window, but also the first guess at the end of the time window.
-
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020518/wrfinput_d01 fg02
-
-Please note: For WRFDA beginner, please dont use this option before you have a good understanding of the 4D-Var lateral boundary conditions control. To disable this feature, make sure var4d_lbc in namelist.input is set to false.
-
-If you use PREPBUFR format data, set ob_format=1 in &wrfvar3 in namelist.input. Because 12UTC PREPBUFR data only includes the data from 9UTC to 15UTC, for 4D-Var y
ou should include 18UTC PREPBUFR data as well:
-
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020512/gds1.t12.prepbufr.nr ob01.bufr
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020518/gds1.t18.prepbufr.nr ob02.bufr
-
-Note: NCEP BUFR files downloaded from NCEPs public ftp server (ftp://ftp.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/gfs/prod/gdas.${yyyymmddhh}) are Fortran-blocked on a big-endian machine and can be directly used on big-endian machines (for example, IBM). For most Linux clusters with Intel platforms, users need to download the byte-swapping code ssrc.c ( HYPERLINK "http://www.dtcenter.org/com-GSI/users/support/faqs/index.php"http://www.dtcenter.org/com-GSI/users/support/faqs/index.php). The C code ssrc.c is located in the /utils directory of the GSI distribution. This code will convert a prepbufr file generated on an IBM platform to a prepbufr file that can be read on a Linux or Intel Mac platform. Compile ssrc.c with any c compiler (e.g., gcc -o ssrc.exe ssrc.c). To convert an IBM pre
pbufr file, take the executable (e.g. ssrc.exe), and run it as follows:
-
-ssrc.exe <Big Endian prepbufr file> Little Endian prepbufr file
-
-Edit $WORK_DIR/namelist.input to match your experiment settings. The most important namelist variables related to 4D-Var are listed below. Please refer to README.namelist under the $WRFDA_DIR/var directory. Common mistakes users make are in the time information settings. The rules are: analysis_date, time_window_min and start_xxx in &time_control should always be equal to each other; time_window_max and end_xxx should always be equal to each other; and run_hours is the difference between start_xxx and end_xxx, which is the length of the 4D-Var time window.
-
-&wrfvar1
-var4d=true,
-var4d_lbc=false,
-var4d_bin=3600,
- /
-
-&wrfvar18
-analysis_date="2008-02-05_12:00:00.0000",
-/
-
-&wrfvar21
-time_window_min="2008-02-05_12:00:00.0000",
-/
-
-&wrfvar22
-time_window_max="2008-02-
05_18:00:00.0000",
-/
-
-&time_control
-run_hours=6,
-start_year=2008,
-start_month=02,
-start_day=05,
-start_hour=12,
-end_year=2008,
-end_month=02,
-end_day=05,
-end_hour=18,
-interval_seconds=21600,
-debug_level=0,
-/
-
-
-5) Run WRF 4D-Var
-> cd $WORK_DIR
-> ./da_wrfvar.exe >&! wrfda.log
-
-Please note: If you utilize the lateral boundary conditions option (var4d_lbc=true), in addition to the analysis at the beginning of the time window (wrfvar_output), the analysis at the end of the time window will also be generated as ana02, which will be used in subsequent updating of boundary conditions before the forecast.
-
-Radiance Data Assimilation in WRFDA
-This section gives a brief description for various aspects related to radiance assimilation in WRFDA. Each aspect is described mainly from the viewpoint of usage, rather than more technical and scientific details, which will appear in a separate technical report and scientific paper. Namelist para
meters controlling different aspects of radiance assimilation will be detailed in the following sections. It should be noted that this section does not cover general aspects of the WRFDA assimilation. These can be found in other sections of chapter 6 of this users guide, or other WRFDA documentation.
-
-a. Running WRFDA with radiances
-
-In addition to the basic input files (LANDUSE.TBL, fg, ob.ascii, be.dat) mentioned in the HYPERLINK \l "_Running_WRF-Var_1"Running WRFDA section, the following additional files are required for radiances: radiance data in NCEP BUFR format, radiance_info files, VARBC.in, and RTM (CRTM or RTTOV) coefficient files.
-
-Edit namelist.input (Pay special attention to &wrfvar4, &wrfvar14, &wrfvar21, and &wrfvar22 for radiance-related options. A very basic namelist.input for running the radiance test case is provided in WRFDA/var/test/radiance/namelist.input)
-
-> ln -sf $DAT_DIR/gdas1.t00z.1bamua.tm00.bufr_d
./amsua.bufr
-> ln -sf $DAT_DIR/gdas1.t00z.1bamub.tm00.bufr_d ./amsub.bufr
-> ln -sf $WRFDA_DIR/var/run/radiance_info ./radiance_info # (radiance_info is a directory)
-> ln -sf $WRFDA_DIR/var/run/VARBC.in ./VARBC.in
-(CRTM only) > ln -sf WRFDA/var/run/crtm_coeffs ./crtm_coeffs #(crtm_coeffs is a directory)
-(RTTOV only) > ln -sf your_RTTOV_path/rtcoef_rttov10/rttov7pred51L ./rttov_coeffs # (rttov_coeffs is a directory)
-
-See the following sections for more details on each aspect of radiance assimilation.
-
-b. Radiance Data Ingest
-
-Currently, the ingest interface for NCEP BUFR radiance data is implemented in WRFDA. The radiance data are available through NCEPs public ftp server (ftp://ftp.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/gfs/prod/gdas.${yyyymmddhh}) in near real-time (with a 6-hour delay) and can meet requirements for both research purposes and some real-time applications.
-
-As of Version 3.4, WRFDA can read data from the NOAA ATOVS instrum
ents (HIRS, AMSU-A, AMSU-B and MHS), the EOS Aqua instruments (AIRS, AMSU-A) and DMSP instruments (SSMIS). Note that NCEP radiance BUFR files are separated by instrument names (i.e., one file for each type of instrument), and each file contains global radiance (generally converted to brightness temperature) within a 6-hour assimilation window, from multi-platforms. For running WRFDA, users need to rename NCEP corresponding BUFR files (table 1) to hirs3.bufr (including HIRS data from NOAA-15/16/17), hirs4.bufr (including HIRS data from NOAA-18/19, METOP-2), amsua.bufr (including AMSU-A data from NOAA-15/16/18/19, METOP-2), amsub.bufr (including AMSU-B data from NOAA-15/16/17), mhs.bufr (including MHS data from NOAA-18/19 and METOP-2), airs.bufr (including AIRS and AMSU-A data from EOS-AQUA) and ssmis.bufr (SSMIS data from DMSP-16, AFWA provided) for WRFDA filename convention. Note that the airs.bufr file contains not only AIRS data but also AMSU-A, which is collocated with AI
RS pixels (1 AMSU-A pixel collocated with 9 AIRS pixels). Users must place these files in the working directory where the WRFDA executable is run. It should also be mentioned that WRFDA reads these BUFR radiance files directly without the use of any separate pre-processing program. All processing of radiance data, such as quality control, thinning, bias correction, etc., is carried out within WRFDA. This is different from conventional observation assimilation, which requires a pre-processing package (OBSPROC) to generate WRFDA readable ASCII files. For reading the radiance BUFR files, WRFDA must be compiled with the NCEP BUFR library (see HYPERLINK "http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/sib/decoders/BUFRLIB/" http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/sib/decoders/BUFRLIB/).
-
-Table 1: NCEP and WRFDA radiance BUFR file naming convention
-
-NCEP BUFR file namesWRFDA naming conventiongdas1.t00z.1bamua.tm00.bufr_damsua.bufrgdas1.t00z.1bamub.tm00.bufr_damsub.bufrgdas1.t00z.1bhr
s3.tm00.bufr_dhirs3.bufrgdas1.t00z.1bhrs4.tm00.bufr_dhirs4.bufrgdas1.t00z.1bmhs.tm00.bufr_dmhs.bufrgdas1.t00z.airsev.tm00.bufr_dairs.bufr
-Namelist parameters are used to control the reading of corresponding BUFR files into WRFDA. For instance, USE_AMSUAOBS, USE_AMSUBOBS, USE_HIRS3OBS, USE_HIRS4OBS, USE_MHSOBS, USE_AIRSOBS, USE_EOS_AMSUAOBS and USE_SSMISOBS control whether or not the respective file is read. These are logical parameters that are assigned to .FALSE. by default; therefore they must be set to .TRUE. to read the respective observation file. Also note that these parameters only control whether the data is read, not whether the data included in the files is to be assimilated. This is controlled by other namelist parameters explained in the next section.
-
-NCEP BUFR files downloaded from NCEPs public ftp server (ftp://ftp.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/gfs/prod/gdas.${yyyymmddhh}) are Fortran-blocked on a big-endian machine and can be directly used o
n big-endian machines (for example, IBM). For most Linux clusters with Intel platforms, users need to download the byte-swapping code ssrc.c ( HYPERLINK "http://www.dtcenter.org/com-GSI/users/support/faqs/index.php"http://www.dtcenter.org/com-GSI/users/support/faqs/index.php). The C code ssrc.c is located in the /utils directory of the GSI distribution, and will convert a PREPBUFR file generated on an IBM platform to a PREPBUFR file that can be read on a Linux or Intel Mac platform. Compile ssrc.c with any c compiler (e.g., gcc -o ssrc.exe ssrc.c). To convert an IBM PREPBUFR file, take the executable (e.g. ssrc.exe), and run it as follows:
-
-ssrc.exe < Big Endian prepbufr file> Little Endian prepbufr file
-
-c. Radiative Transfer Model
-
-The core component for direct radiance assimilation is to incorporate a radiative transfer model (RTM) into the WRFDA system as one part of observation operators. Two widely used RTMs in the NWP community, RTTOV (dev
eloped by EUMETSAT in Europe), and CRTM (developed by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) in US), are already implemented in the WRFDA system with a flexible and consistent user interface. WRFDA is designed to be able to compile with any combination of the two RTM libraries, or without RTM libraries (for those not interested in radiance assimilation), by the definition of environment variables CRTM and RTTOV (see the Installing WRFDA section). Note, however, that at runtime the user must select one of the two or neither, via the namelist parameter RTM_OPTION (1 for RTTOV, the default, and 2 for CRTM).
-
-Both RTMs can calculate radiances for almost all available instruments aboard the various satellite platforms in orbit. An important feature of the WRFDA design is that all data structures related to radiance assimilation are dynamically allocated during running time, according to a simple namelist setup. The instruments to be assimilated are contr
olled at run-time by four integer namelist parameters: RTMINIT_NSENSOR (the total number of sensors to be assimilated), RTMINIT_PLATFORM (the platforms IDs array to be assimilated with dimension RTMINIT_NSENSOR, e.g., 1 for NOAA, 9 for EOS, 10 for METOP and 2 for DMSP), RTMINIT_SATID (satellite IDs array) and RTMINIT_SENSOR (sensor IDs array, e.g., 0 for HIRS, 3 for AMSU-A, 4 for AMSU-B, 15 for MHS, 10 for SSMIS, 11 for AIRS). For example, the configuration for assimilating 12 sensors from 7 satellites (all that WRFDA can currently assimilate) will be
-
-RTMINIT_NSENSOR = 12 14 # 6 AMSUA; 3 AMSUB; 3 MHS; 1 AIRS; 1 SSMIS
-RTMINIT_PLATFORM = 1, 1, 1, 1,9,10,,1, 1, 1, 1, 1,10, 9, 2
-RTMINIT_SATID = 15,16,18,19,2, 2,15,16,17,18,19, 2, 2,16
-RTMINIT_SENSOR = 3, 3, 3, 3,3, 3, 4, 4, 4,15,15,15, 11,10
-
-The instrument triplets (platform, satellite, and sensor ID) in the namelist can be ranked in any order. More detail about the convention of instrument triples can be found o
n the web page HYPERLINK "http://research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm/rttov_description.html"http://research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm/rttov_description.html
- HYPERLINK "http://research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm/rttov_description.html"or in tables 2 and 3 in the RTTOV v10 Users Guide ( HYPERLINK "http://research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm/docs_rttov10/users_guide_10_v1.5.pdf" research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm/docs_rttov10/users_guide_10_v1.5.pdf)
-
-CRTM uses a different instrument-naming method, however, a conversion routine inside WRFDA is implemented such that the user interface remains the same for RTTOV and CRTM, using the same instrument triplet for both.
-
-When running WRFDA with radiance assimilation switched on, a set of RTM coefficient files need to be loaded. For the RTTOV option, RTTOV coefficient files are to be cop
ied or linked to a sub-directory rttov_coeffs/ under the working directory. For the CRTM option, CRTM coefficient files are to be copied or linked to a sub-directory crtm_coeffs/ under the working directory. Only coefficients listed in the namelist are needed. Potentially WRFDA can assimilate all sensors as long as the corresponding coefficient files are provided. In addition, necessary developments on the corresponding data interface, quality control, and bias correction are important to make radiance data assimilate properly; however, a modular design of radiance relevant routines already facilitates the addition of more instruments in WRFDA.
-
-The RTTOV package is not distributed with WRFDA, due to licensing and supporting issues. Users need to follow the instructions at HYPERLINK "http://research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm"http://research.metoffice.gov.uk/research/interproj/nwpsaf/rtm to download the RTTOV source code and supplement co
efficient files and the emissivity atlas dataset. Starting with version 3.3, only RTTOV v10 can be used in WRFDA.
-
-Since V3.2.1, the CRTM package is distributed with WRFDA, which is located in $WRFDA_DIR/var/external/crtm. The CRTM code in WRFDA is basically the same as the source code that users can download from HYPERLINK "ftp://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/jcsda/CRTM" ftp://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/jcsda/CRTM.
-
-d. Channel Selection
-
-Channel selection in WRFDA is controlled by radiance info files, located in the sub-directory radiance_info, under the working directory. These files are separated by satellites and sensors; e.g., noaa-15-amsua.info, noaa-16-amsub.info, dmsp-16-ssmis.info and so on. An example of 5 channels from noaa-15-amsub.info is shown below. The fourth column is used by WRFDA to control when to use a corresponding channel. Channels with the value -1 in the fourth column indicate that the channel is not assimilated, while the value 1 mea
ns assimilated. The sixth column is used by WRFDA to set the observation error for each channel. Other columns are not used by WRFDA. It should be mentioned that these error values might not necessarily be optimal for your applications. It is the users responsibility to obtain the optimal error statistics for his/her own applications.
-
-Sensor channel IR/MW use idum varch polarization (0:vertical;1:horizontal)
-
-415 1 1 -1 0 0.5500000000E+01 0.0000000000E+00
-415 2 1 -1 0 0.3750000000E+01 0.0000000000E+00
-415 3 1 1 0 0.3500000000E+01 0.0000000000E+00
-415 4 1 -1 0 0.3200000000E+01 0.0000000000E+00
-415 5 1 1 0 0.2500000000E+01 0.0000000000E+00
-
-
-e. Bias Correction
-
-Satellite radiance is generally considered to be biased with respect to a reference (e.g., background or analysis field in NWP assimilation) due to systematic error of the observation itself, the reference field, and RTM. Bias correction is a necessary step prior to assimilating radiance data
. There are two ways of performing bias correction in WRFDA. One is based on the Harris and Kelly (2001) method, and is carried out using a set of coefficient files pre-calculated with an off-line statistics package, which was applied to a training dataset for a month-long period. The other is Variational Bias Correction (VarBC). Only VarBC is introduced here, and recommended for users because of its relative simplicity in usage.
-
-f. Variational Bias Correction
-
-Getting started with VarBC
-To use VarBC, set the namelist option USE_VARBC to TRUE and have the VARBC.in file in the working directory. VARBC.in is a VarBC setup file in ASCII format. A template is provided with the WRFDA package ($WRFDA_DIR/var/run/VARBC.in).
-
-Input and Output files
-All VarBC input is passed through a single ASCII file called VARBC.in. Once WRFDA has run with the VarBC option switched on, it will produce a VARBC.out file in a similar ASCII format. This output file will then be used as the
input file for the next assimilation cycle.
-
-Coldstart
-Coldstarting means starting the VarBC from scratch; i.e. when you do not know the values of the bias parameters.
-
-The Coldstart is a routine in WRFDA. The bias predictor statistics (mean and standard deviation) are computed automatically and will be used to normalize the bias parameters. All coldstart bias parameters are set to zero, except the first bias parameter (= simple offset), which is set to the mode (=peak) of the distribution of the (uncorrected) innovations for the given channel.
-
-A threshold of a number of observations can be set through the namelist option VARBC_NOBSMIN (default = 10), under which it is considered that not enough observations are present to keep the Coldstart values (i.e. bias predictor statistics and bias parameter values) for the next cycle. In this case, the next cycle will do another Coldstart.
-
-Background Constraint for the bias parameters
-The background constraint controls th
e inertia you want to impose on the predictors (i.e. the smoothing in the predictor time series). It corresponds to an extra term in the WRFDA cost function.
-
-It is defined through an integer number in the VARBC.in file. This number is related to a number of observations; the bigger the number, the more inertia constraint. If these numbers are set to zero, the predictors can evolve without any constraint.
-
-Scaling factor
-The VarBC uses a specific preconditioning, which can be scaled through the namelist option VARBC_FACTOR (default = 1.0).
-
-Offline bias correction
-The analysis of the VarBC parameters can be performed "offline" ; i.e. independently from the main WRFDA analysis. No extra code is needed. Just set the following MAX_VERT_VAR* namelist variables to be 0, which will disable the standard control variable and only keep the VarBC control variable.
-
-MAX_VERT_VAR1=0.0
-MAX_VERT_VAR2=0.0
-MAX_VERT_VAR3=0.0
-MAX_VERT_VAR4=0.0
-MAX_VERT_VAR5=0.0
-
-Fre
eze VarBC
-In certain circumstances, you might want to keep the VarBC bias parameters constant in time (="frozen"). In this case, the bias correction is read and applied to the innovations, but it is not updated during the minimization. This can easily be achieved by setting the namelist options:
-
-USE_VARBC=false
-FREEZE_VARBC=true
-
-Passive observations
-Some observations are useful for preprocessing (e.g. Quality Control, Cloud detection) but you might not want to assimilate them. If you still need to estimate their bias correction, these observations need to go through the VarBC code in the minimization. For this purpose, the VarBC uses a separate threshold on the QC values, called "qc_varbc_bad". This threshold is currently set to the same value as "qc_bad", but can easily be changed to any ad hoc value.
-
- g. Other namelist variables to control radiance assimilation
-
-RAD_MONITORING (30)
-Integer array of dimension RTMINIT_NSENSER, 0
for assimilating mode, 1 for monitoring mode (only calculates innovation).
-
-
-THINNING
-Logical, TRUE will perform thinning on radiance data.
-
-THINNING_MESH (30)
-Real array with dimension RTMINIT_NSENSOR, values indicate thinning mesh (in km) for different sensors.
-
-QC_RAD
-Logical, controls if quality control is performed, always set to TRUE.
-
-WRITE_IV_RAD_ASCII
-Logical, controls whether to output observation-minus-background (O-B) files, which are in ASCII format, and separated by sensors and processors.
-
-WRITE_OA_RAD_ASCII
-Logical, controls whether to output observation-minus-analysis (O-A) files (including also O-B information), which are in ASCII format, and separated by sensors and processors.
-
-USE_ERROR_FACTOR_RAD
-Logical, controls use of a radiance error tuning factor file (radiance_error.factor) which is created with empirical values, or generated using a variational tuning method (Desroziers and Ivanov, 2001).
-
-ONLY_SEA_RAD
-Logical, contr
ols whether only assimilating radiance over water.
-
-TIME_WINDOW_MIN
-String, e.g., "2007-08-15_03:00:00.0000", start time of assimilation time window
-
-TIME_WINDOW_MAX
-String, e.g., "2007-08-15_09:00:00.0000", end time of assimilation time window
-
-USE_ANTCORR (30)
-Logical array with dimension RTMINIT_NSENSER, controls if performing Antenna Correction in CRTM.
-
-AIRS_WARMEST_FOV
-Logical, controls whether using the observation brightness temperature for AIRS Window channel #914 as criterium for GSI thinning.
-
-USE_CRTM_KMATRIX
-Logical, controls whether using the CRTM K matrix rather than calling CRTM TL and AD routines for gradient calculation.
-
-USE_RTTOV_KMATRIX
-Logical, controls whether using the RTTOV K matrix rather than calling RTTOV TL and AD routines for gradient calculation.
-
-RTTOV_EMIS_ATLAS_IR
-Integer, controls the use of the IR emissivity atlas.
-Emissivity atlas data (should be downloaded separately from the RTTOV web site) ne
ed to be copied or linked under a sub-directory of the working directory (emis_data) if RTTOV_EMIS_ATLAS_IR is set to 1.
-
-RTTOV_EMIS_ATLAS_MW
-Integer, controls the use of the MW emissivity atlas.
-Emissivity atlas data (should be downloaded separately from the RTTOV web site) need to be copied or linked under a sub-directory of the working directory (emis_data) if RTTOV_EMIS_ATLAS_MW is set to 1 or 2.
-
-
-h. Diagnostics and Monitoring
-
-(1) Monitoring capability within WRFDA
-
-Run WRFDA with the rad_monitoring namelist parameter in record wrfvar14 in namelist.input.
-
-0 means assimilating mode. Innovations (O minus B) are calculated and data are used in minimization.
-1 means monitoring mode: innovations are calculated for diagnostics and monitoring. Data are not used in minimization.
-
-The value of rad_monitoring should correspond to the value of rtminit_nsensor. If rad_monitoring is not set, then the default value of 0 will be used for all sensors.
-
-(2) Outputt
ing radiance diagnostics from WRFDA
-
-Run WRFDA with the following namelist options in record wrfvar14 in namelist.input.
-
-write_iv_rad_ascii
-Logical. TRUE to write out (observation-background, etc.) diagnostics information in plain-text files with the prefix inv, followed by the instrument name and the processor id. For example, 01_inv_noaa-17-amsub.0000 (01 is outerloop index, 0000 is processor index)
-
-write_oa_rad_ascii
-Logical. TRUE to write out (observation-background, observation-analysis, etc.) diagnostics information in plain-text files with the prefix oma, followed by the instrument name and the processor id. For example, 01_oma_noaa-18-mhs.0001
-
-Each processor writes out the information for one instrument in one file in the WRFDA working directory.
-
-(3) Radiance diagnostics data processing
-
-A Fortran90 program is used to collect the 01_inv* or 01_oma* files and write them out in netCDF format (one instrument in one file with prefix diags followed
by the instrument name, analysis date, and the suffix .nc) for easier data viewing, handling and plotting with netCDF utilities and NCL scripts.
-
-(4) Radiance diagnostics plotting
-
-NCL scripts ($WRFDA_DIR/var/graphics/ncl/plot_rad_diags.ncl and $WRFDA_DIR/var/graphics/ncl/advance_cymdh.ncl) are used for plotting. The NCL script can be run from a shell script, or run alone with an interactive ncl command (the NCL script and set the plot options must be edited. Also the path of advance_cymdh.ncl, a date advancing script loaded in the main NCL plotting script, may need to be modified).
-
-Steps (3) and (4) can be done by running a single ksh script (WRFDA/var/scripts/da_rad_diags.ksh) with proper settings. In addition to the settings of directories and what instruments to plot, there are some useful plotting options, explained below.
-
-setenv OUT_TYPE=ncgmncgm or pdf
-pdf will be much slower than ncgm and generate huge output if plots are not split. But pdf has higher re
solution than ncgm.setenv PLOT_STATS_ONLY=falsetrue or false
-true: only statistics of OMB/OMA vs channels and OMB/OMA vs dates will be plotted.
-false: data coverage, scatter plots (before and after bias correction), histograms (before and after bias correction), and statistics will be plotted.setenv PLOT_OPT=sea_onlyall, sea_only, land_onlysetenv PLOT_QCED=false
-true or false
-true: plot only quality-controlled data
-false: plot all datasetenv PLOT_HISTO=falsetrue or false: switch for histogram plotssetenv PLOT_SCATT=truetrue or false: switch for scatter plotssetenv PLOT_EMISS=falsetrue or false: switch for emissivity plotssetenv PLOT_SPLIT=falsetrue or false
-true: one frame in each file
-false: all frames in one filesetenv PLOT_CLOUDY=false
-true or false
-true: plot cloudy data. Cloudy data to be plotted are defined by PLOT_CLOUDY_OPT (si or clwp), CLWP_VALUE, SI_VALUE settings.setenv PLOT_CLOUDY_OPT=sisi or clwp
-clwp: cloud liquid water pat
h from model
-si: scatter index from obs, for amsua, amsub and mhs onlysetenv CLWP_VALUE=0.2only plot points with
-clwp >= clwp_value (when clwp_value > 0)
-clwp > clwp_value (when clwp_value = 0)setenv SI_VALUE=3.0
- (5) Evolution of VarBC parameters
-
-NCL scripts (WRFDA/var/graphics/ncl/plot_rad_varbc_param.ncl and WRFDA/var/graphics/ncl/advance_cymdh.ncl) are used for plotting the evolution of VarBC parameters.
-
-
-Precipitation Data Assimilation in WRFDA 4D-Var
-The assimilation of precipitation observations in WRFDA 4D-Var is described in this section. Currently, WRFPLUS has already included the adjoint and tangent linear codes of large-scale condensation and cumulus scheme, therefore precipitation data can be assimilated directly in 4D-Var. Users who are interested in the scientific detail of 4D-Var assimilation of precipitation should refer to related scientific papers, as this section is only a basic guide to running WRFDA Precipitation Assimilati
on. This section instructs users on data processing, namelist variable settings, and how to run WRFDA 4D-Var with precipitation observations.
-
-a. Prepare precipitation observations for 4D-Var
-
-As of version 3.4, WRFDA 4D-Var can assimilate NCEP Stage IV radar and gauge precipitation data. NCEP Stage IV archived data are available on the NCAR CODIAC web page at: HYPERLINK "http://data.eol.ucar.edu/codiac/dss/id=21.093"http://data.eol.ucar.edu/codiac/dss/id=21.093 (for more information, please see the NCEP Stage IV Q&A Web page at HYPERLINK "http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/ylin/pcpanl/QandA/"http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/ylin/pcpanl/QandA/). The original precipitation data are at 4-km resolution on a polar-stereographic grid. Hourly, 6-hourly and 24-hourly analyses are available. The following image shows the accumulated 6-h precipitation for the tutorial case.
-
-It should be mentioned that the NCEP Stage IV archived data is in GRIB1 f
ormat and it cannot be ingested into the WRFDA directly. A tool CONVERTER is provided to reformat GRIB1 observations into the WRFDA-readable ASCII format. It can be downloaded from the WRFDA users page at HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/CONVERTER.gz"http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/CONVERTER.gz. The NCEP GRIB libraries, w3 and g2 are required to compile the CONVERTER. These libraries are available for download from NCEP at HYPERLINK "http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/codes/GRIB2/" http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/pmb/codes/GRIB2/. The output file to the CONVERTER is named in the format ob.rain.yyyymmddhh.xxh; The 'yyyymmddhh' in the file name is the ending hour of the accumulation period, and 'xx' (=01,06 or 24) is the accumulating time period.
-
-For users wishing to use their own observations instead of NCEP Stage IV, it is the users responsibility to write a Fortran main program and call subroutine wri
terainobs (in write_rainobs.f90) to generate their own precipitation data. For more information please refer to the README file in the CONVERTER directory.
-
-b. Running WRFDA 4D-Var with precipitation observations
-
-WRFDA 4D-Var is able to assimilate hourly, 3-hourly and 6-hourly precipitation data. According to experiments and related scientific papers, 6-hour precipitation accumulations are the ideal observations to be assimilated, as this leads to better results than directly assimilating hourly data.
-
-The tutorial example is for assimilating 6-hour accumulated precipitation. In your working directory, link all the necessary files as follows,
-
-> ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/var/da/da_wrfvar.exe .
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01 .
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfbdy_d01 .
-> ln -fs wrfinput_d01 fg
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/be/be.dat .
-> ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/run/LANDUSE.TBL ./LANDUSE.TBL
-> ln -fs $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020518/ob.rain.2008020518.06h ob07.r
ain
-
-Note: The reason why the observation ob.rain.2008020518.06h is linked as ob07.rain will be explained in section d.
-
-Edit namelist.input and pay special attention to &wrfvar1 and &wrfvar4 for precipitation-related options.
-
-&wrfvar1
-var4d=true,
-var4d_lbc=true,
-var4d_bin=3600,
-var4d_bin_rain=21600,
- /
-
-&wrfvar4
-use_rainobs=true,
-thin_rainobs=true,
-thin_mesh_conv=30*20.,
-/
-
-Then, run 4D-Var in serial or parallel mode,
-
- >./da_wrfvar.exe >&! wrfda.log
-
-c. Namelist variables to control precipitation assimilation
-
-var4d_bin_rain
-Precipitation observation sub-window length for 4D-Var. It does not need to be consistent with var4d_bin.
-
-thin_rainobs
-Logical, TRUE will perform thinning on precipitation data.
-
-thin_mesh_conv
-Specify thinning mesh size (in km)
-
-d. Properly linking observation files
-
-In section b, ob.rain.2008020518.06h is linked as ob07.rain. The number 07 is assigned according to the fo
llowing rule:
-
-x=i*(var4d_bin_rain/var4d_bin)+1,
-
-Here, i is the sequence number of the observation.
-for x<10, the observation file should be renamed as ob0x.rain;
-for x>=10, it should be renamed as obx.rain
-
-In the example above, 6-hour accumulated precipitation data is assimilated in 6-hour time window. In the namelist, values should be set at var4d_bin=3600 and var4d_bin_rain=21600, and there is one observation file (i.e., i=1) in the time window, Thus the value of x is 7. The file ob.rain.2008020518.06h should be renamed as ob07.rain.
-
-Let us take another example for how to rename observation files for 3-hourly precipitation data in 6-hour time window. The sample namelist is as follows,
-
-&wrfvar1
-var4d=true,
-var4d_lbc=true,
-var4d_bin=3600,
-var4d_bin_rain=10800,
- /
-
-There are two observation files, ob.rain.2008020515.03h and ob.rain.2008020518.03h. For the first file (i=1) ob.rain.2008020515.03h, it should be renamed as ob04.rain,and the
second file (i=2) renamed as ob07.rain.
-
-
-Updating WRF Boundary Conditions
-There are three input files: WRFDA analysis, wrfinput, and wrfbdy files from WPS/real.exe, and a namelist file: param.in for running da_update_bc.exe for domain-1. Before running an NWP forecast using the WRF-model with WRFDA analysis, update the values and tendencies for each predicted variable in the first time period, in the lateral boundary condition file. Domain-1 (wrfbdy_d01) must be updated to be consistent with the new WRFDA initial condition (analysis). This is absolutely essential. Moreover, in the cycling-run mode (warm-start), the lower boundary in the WRFDA analysis file also needs to be updated based on the information from the wrfinput file, generated by WPS/real.exe at analysis time.
-For nested domains, domain-2, domain-3, etc., the lateral boundaries are provided by their parent domains, so no lateral boundary update is needed for these domains; but the low boundaries in each o
f the nested domains WRFDA analysis files still need to be updated. In these cases, you must set the namelist variable, domain_id > 1 (default is 1 for domain-1), and no wrfbdy_d01file needs to be provided to the namelist variable wrf_bdy_file.
-This procedure is performed by the WRFDA utility called da_updated_bc.exe, and is located in $WRFDA_DIR/var/build.
-To run da_update_bc.exe, follow the steps below:
-> cd $WRFDA_DIR/var/test/update_bc
-> cp p $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfbdy_d01 .
-(IMPORTANT: make a copy of wrfbdy_d01, as the wrf_bdy_file will be overwritten by da_update_bc.exe)
-> vi parame.in
-&control_param
- da_file = './wrfvar_output'
- da_file_02 = ./ana02
- wrf_bdy_file = './wrfbdy_d01'
- wrf_input = '$DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01'
- domain_id = 1
- cycling = .false. (set to .true. if first guess comes from a previous WRF forecast.)
- debug = .true.
- low_bdy_only = .false.
-
update_lsm = .false.
- var4d_lbc = .false.
-/
-
-> ln sf $WRFDA_DIR/var/da/da_update_bc.exe .
-> ./da_update_bc.exe
-
-At this stage, you should have the files wrfvar_output and wrfbdy_d01 in your WRFDA working directory. They are the WRFDA updated initial condition and boundary condition for any subsequent WRF model runs. To use, link a copy of wrfvar_output and wrfbdy_d01 to wrfinput_d01 and wrfbdy_d01, respectively, in your WRF working directory.
-
-If you activate the var4d_lbc option in a WRF 4D-Var run, you should also copy/link the ana02 file from the WRFDA working directory to the da_update_bc working directory and set the var4d_lbc variable to TRUE in param.in.
-
-Starting with V3.2, some changes were made to da_update_bc to address some issues related to sea-ice and snow change during cycling runs, and radiance data assimilation. The new settings in parame.in are introduced as follows:
-
-Note: for backward compatibility, the pre-V3.2 parame.in, mention
ed above, still works with V3.2+ da_update_bc.
-
-&control_param
- da_file = '../tutorial/wrfvar_output'
- da_file_02 = ./ana02
- wrf_bdy_file = './wrfbdy_d01'
- wrf_input = '$DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01'
- domain_id = 1
- debug = .true.
- update_lateral_bdy = .true.
- update_low_bdy = .true.
- update_lsm = .false.
- iswater = 16
- var4d_lbc = .false.
-/
-
-update_lateral_bdy is required only for domain 1.
-update_low_bdy is needed for all domains if running in cycling mode.
-iswater (water point index) is 16 for USGS LANDUSE and 17 for MODIS LANDUSE.
-
-If in cycling mode (especially if you are doing radiance data assimilation and there are SEA ICE and SNOW in your domain), it is recommended that before you run WRFDA, you run da_update_bc.exe with the following namelist options:
-
- update_lateral_bdy = .false.
- update_low_bdy = .true.
-
-This creates a lower-boundary
updated first guess (da_file will be overwritten by da_update_bc). Then, after WRFDA has finished, run da_update_bc.exe again with the following namelist options:
-
- update_lateral_bdy = .true.
- update_low_bdy = .false.
-
-This updates the lateral boundary conditions (wrf_bdy_file will be overwritten by da_update_bc).
-
-
-Running gen_be
-Starting with WRFDA version 3.1, users have three choices to define the background error covariance (BE). We call them CV3, CV5, and CV6 . With CV3 and CV5, the background errors are applied to the same set of the control variables, stream function, unbalanced potential velocity, unbalanced temperature, unbalanced surface pressure, and pseudo-relative-humidity. However, for CV6 the moisture control variable is the unbalanced part of pseudo-relative-humidity. With CV3, the control variables are in physical space while with CV5 and CV6, the control variables are in eigenvector space. The major difference between these two kinds of BE i
s the vertical covariance; CV3 uses the vertical recursive filter to model the vertical covariance but CV5 and CV6 use an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) to represent the vertical covariance. The recursive filters to model the horizontal covariance are also different with these BEs. We have not conducted the systematic comparison of the analyses based on these BEs. However, CV3 (a BE file provided with our WRFDA system) is a global BE and can be used for any regional domain, while CV5 and CV6 BEs are domain-dependent, which should be generated based on the forecast data from the same domain. At this time, it is hard to tell which BE is better; the impact on analysis may vary from case to case.
-
-CV3 is the NCEP background error covariance. It is estimated in grid space by what has become known as the NMC method (Parrish and Derber 1992) . The statistics are estimated with the differences of 24 and 48-hour GFS forecasts with T170 resolution, valid at the same time for 3
57 cases, distributed over a period of one year. Both the amplitudes and the scales of the background error have to be tuned to represent the forecast error in the estimated fields. The statistics that project multivariate relations among variables are also derived from the NMC method.
-
-The variance of each variable, and the variance of its second derivative, are used to estimate its horizontal scales. For example, the horizontal scales of the stream function can be estimated from the variance of the vorticity and stream function.
-
-The vertical scales are estimated with the vertical correlation of each variable. A table is built to cover the range of vertical scales for the variables. The table is then used to find the scales in vertical grid units. The filter profile and the vertical correlation are fitted locally. The scale of the best fit from the table is assigned as the scale of the variable at that vertical level for each latitude. Note that the vertical scales are
locally defined so that the negative correlation further away, in the vertical direction, is not included.
-
-Theoretically, CV3 BE is a generic background error statistics file, which can be used for any case. It is quite straightforward to use CV3 in your own case. To use the CV3 BE file in your case, set cv_options=3 in &wrfvar7 in namelist.input in your working directory, and use the be.dat is located in WRFDA/var/run/be.dat.cv3.
-
-To use CV5 or CV6 background error covariance, it is necessary to generate your domain-specific background error statistics with the gen_be utility. The background error statistics file, supplied with the tutorial test case, can NOT be used for your applications.
-
-The Fortran main programs for gen_be can be found in WRFDA/var/gen_be. The executables of gen_be should have been created when you compiled the WRFDA code (as described earlier). The scripts to run these codes are in WRFDA/var/scripts/gen_be.
-
-The input data for gen_be ar
e WRF forecasts, which are used to generate model perturbations, used as a proxy for estimates of forecast error. For the NMC-method, the model perturbations are differences between forecasts (e.g. T+24 minus T+12 is typical for regional applications, T+48 minus T+24 for global) valid at the same time. Climatological estimates of background error may then be obtained by averaging these forecast differences over a period of time (e.g. one month). Given input from an ensemble prediction system (EPS), the inputs are the ensemble forecasts, and the model perturbations created are the transformed ensemble perturbations. The gen_be code has been designed to work with either forecast difference or ensemble-based perturbations. The former is illustrated in this tutorial example.
-
-It is important to include forecast differences, from at least 00Z and 12Z through the period, to remove the diurnal cycle (i.e. do not run gen_be using just 00Z or 12Z model perturbations alone).
-
-The
inputs to gen_be are netCDF WRF forecast output ("wrfout") files at specified forecast ranges. To avoid unnecessary large single data files, it is assumed that all forecast ranges are output to separate files. For example, if we wish to calculate BE statistics using the NMC-method with (T+24)-(T+12) forecast differences (default for regional) then by setting the WRF namelist.input options history_interval=720, and frames_per_outfile=1 we get the necessary output datasets. Then the forecast output files should be arranged as follows: directory name is the forecast initial time, time info in the file name is the forecast valid time. 2008020512/wrfout_d01_2008-02-06_00:00:00 means a 12-hour forecast valid at 2008020600, initialized at 2008020512.
-
-Example dataset for a test case (90 x 60 x 41 gridpoints) can be downloaded from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/testdata.html"http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/test
data.html. Untar the gen_be_forecasts_20080205.tar.gz file. You will have:
-
- >ls $FC_DIR
-
--rw-r--r-- 1 users 11556492 2008020512/wrfout_d01_2008-02-06_00:00:00
--rw-r--r-- 1 users 11556492 2008020512/wrfout_d01_2008-02-06_12:00:00
--rw-r--r-- 1 users 11556492 2008020600/wrfout_d01_2008-02-06_12:00:00
--rw-r--r-- 1 users 11556492 2008020600/wrfout_d01_2008-02-07_00:00:00
--rw-r--r-- 1 users 11556492 2008020612/wrfout_d01_2008-02-07_00:00:00
--rw-r--r-- 1 users 11556492 2008020612/wrfout_d01_2008-02-07_12:00:00
-
-In the above example, only 1 day (12Z 05 Feb to 12Z 06 Feb. 2002) of forecasts, every 12 hours is supplied to gen_be_wrapper to estimate forecast error covariance. It is only for demonstration. The minimum number of forecasts required depends on the application, number of grid points, etc. Month-long (or longer) datasets are typical for the NMC-method. Generally, at least a 1-month dataset should be used.
-
-Under WRFDA/var/scripts/gen
_be, gen_be_wrapper.ksh is used to generate the BE data. The following variables need to be set to fit your case:
-
-export WRFVAR_DIR=/users/noname/work/code/trunk/phoenix_g95_opt/WRFDA
-export START_DATE=2008020612 # the first perturbation valid date
-export END_DATE=2008020700 # the last perturbation valid date
-export NUM_LEVELS=40 # e_vert - 1
-export BIN_TYPE=5
-export FC_DIR=/users/noname/work/exps/friendlies/expt/fc # where wrf forecasts are
-export RUN_DIR=/users/noname/work/exps/friendlies/gen_be${BIN_TYPE}
-
-Note: The START_DATE and END_DATE are perturbation valid dates. As shown in the forecast list above, when you have 24-hour and 12-hour forecasts initialized at 2008020512, through 2008020612, the first and final forecast difference valid dates are 2008020612 and 2008020700, respectively.
-
-Note: The forecast dataset should be located in $FC_DIR. Then type:
-
-> gen_be_wrapper.ksh
-
-Once the gen_be_wrapper.ksh run is completed, the be.dat can
be found under the $RUN_DIR directory.
-
-To get a clear idea about what is included in be.dat, the script gen_be_plot_wrapper.ksh may be used. This plots various data in be.dat; for example:
-
- Additional WRFDA Exercises:
-a. Single Observation response in WRFDA:
-With the single observation test, you may get some ideas of how the background and observation error statistics work in the model variable space. A single observation test is done in WRFDA by setting num_pseudo=1, along with other pre-specified values in record &wrfvar15 and &wrfvar19 of namelist.input,
-With the settings shown below, WRFDA generates a single observation with a pre-specified innovation (Observation First Guess) value at the desired location; e.g. at (in terms of grid coordinate) 23x23, level 14 for U observation with error characteristics 1 m/s, and innovation size = 1.0 m/s.
-&wrfvar15
-num_pseudo = 1,
-pseudo_x = 23.0,
-pseudo_y = 23.0,
-pseudo_z = 14.0,
-pseudo_err = 1.0
,
-pseudo_val = 1.0,
-/
-&wrfvar19
-pseudo_var = u, (Note: pseudo_var can be u, v, t, p, q. If pseudo_var is q, then the reasonable values of pseudo_err and pseudo_val are 0.001)
-/
-Note: You may wish to repeat this exercise for other observations, like temperature t, pressure p, specific humidity q, and so on.
-b. Response of BE length scaling parameter:
-Run the single observation test with the following additional parameters in record &wrfvar7 of namelist.input.
-&wrfvar7
-len_scaling1 = 0.5, # reduce psi length scale by 50%
-len_scaling2 = 0.5, # reduce chi_u length scale by 50%
-len_scaling3 = 0.5, # reduce T length scale by 50%
-len_scaling4 = 0.5, # reduce q length scale by 50%
-len_scaling5 = 0.5, # reduce Ps length scale by 50%
-/
-Note: You may wish to try the response of an individual variable by setting one parameter at a time. Note the spread of analysis increment.
-c. Response of changing BE variance:
-Run the single observation test wit
h the following additional parameters in record &wrfvar7 of namelist.input.
-&wrfvar7
-var_scaling1 = 0.25, # reduce psi variance by 75%
-var_scaling2 = 0.25, # reduce chi_u variance by 75%
-var_scaling3 = 0.25, # reduce T variance by 75%
-var_scaling4 = 0.25, # reduce q variance by 75%
-var_scaling5 = 0.25, # reduce Ps variance by 75%
-/
-Note: You may wish to try the response of individual variable by setting one parameter at a time. Note the magnitude of analysis increments.
-d. Response of convergence criteria:
-Run the tutorial case with
-&wrfvar6
-eps = 0.0001,
-/
-You may wish to compare various diagnostics with an earlier run.
-e. Response of outer loop on minimization:
- Run the tutorial case with
-&wrfvar6
-max_ext_its = 2,
-/
-With this setting, the outer loop for the minimization procedure will be activated. You may wish to compare various diagnostics with an earlier run.
-Note: The Maximum permissible value for MAX_EXT_ITS
is 10.
-f. Response of suppressing particular types of data in WRFDA:
-The types of observations that WRFDA gets to use actually depend on what is included in the observation file and the WRFDA namelist settings. For example, if you have SYNOP data in the observation file, you can suppress its usage in WRFDA by setting use_synopobs=false in record &wrfvar4 of namelist.input. It is OK if there are no SYNOP data in the observation file and use_synopobs=true.
-Turning on and off certain types of observations is widely used for assessing the impact of observations on data assimilations.
-Note: It is important to go through the default use_* settings in record &wrfvar4 in WRFDA/Registry/Registry.wrfvar to know what observations are activated in default.
-
-WRFDA with Multivariate Background Error (MBE) Statistics
-A new control variable option to implement multivariate background error (MBE) statistics in WRFDA has been introduced. It may be activated by setting the nam
elist variable cv_options=6. This option introduces six additional correlation coefficients in the definition of the balanced part of analysis control variables. Thus with this implementation, moisture analysis is multivariate, in the sense that temperature and wind may lead to moisture increments, and vise-versa. The gen_be utility has also been updated to compute the desired MBE statistics required for this option. The updates include basic source code, scripts, and graphics to display some important diagnostics about MBE statistics. Further details may be seen at:
- HYPERLINK "https://wiki.ucar.edu/download/attachments/60622477/WRFDA__update_for_cv6.pdf" https://wiki.ucar.edu/download/attachments/60622477/WRFDA__update_for_cv6.pdf
-a. How to generate multivariate background error statistics for WRFDA
-Multivariate background error statistics for WRFDA is generated by executing a top-level script, gen_be/wrapper_gen_be_gsi.ksh, residing under SCRIPTS_DIR via
a suitable wrapper script. The rest of the procedure remains the same as with normal running of the gen_be utility. A successful run will create a be.dat file in the RUN_DIR directory.
-b. How to run WRFDA with multivariate background error statistics
-After successfully generating multivariate background error statistics file be.dat, the procedure for running WRFDA is straight-forward. If WRFDA is run through the wrapper script, suitably declare the namelist variable NL_CV_OPTIONS=6 in the wrapper script. If WRFDA is run directly (by executing da_wrfvar.exe), then include cv_options=6 in the namelist.input file under the &wrfvar7 list of namelist options.
-c. How to tune multivariate background error statistics in running WRFDA
-Below is a list of nine tuning parameters available in WRFDA. Default values for these variables are set as 1.0. Setting corresponding values > 1.0 (< 1.0) will increase (decrease) the corresponding contributions as described in the
following Table:
-Variable name Descriptionpsi_chi_factorParameter to control contribution of stream function in defining balanced part of velocity potentialpsi_t_factorParameter to control contribution of stream function in defining balanced part of temperaturepsi_ps_factorParameter to control contribution of stream function in defining balanced part of surface pressurepsi_rh_factorParameter to control contribution of stream function in defining balanced part of moisturechi_u_t_factorParameter to control contribution of unbalanced part of velocity potential in defining balanced part of temperaturechi_u_ps_factorParameter to control contribution of unbalanced part of velocity potential in defining balanced part of surface pressurechi_u_rh_factorParameter to control contribution of unbalanced part of velocity potential in defining balanced part of moisturet_u_rh_factorParameter to control contribution of unbalanced part of t
emperature in defining balanced part of moistureps_u_rh_factorParameter to control contribution of unbalanced part of surface pressure in defining balanced part of moisture
- WRFDA Diagnostics
-WRFDA produces a number of diagnostic files that contain useful information on how the data assimilation has performed. This section will introduce you to some of these files, and what to look for.
-After running WRFDA, it is important to check a number of output files to see if the assimilation appears sensible. The WRFDA package, which includes several useful scripts, may be downloaded from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/tools.html"http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/tools.html
-The content of some useful diagnostic files are as follows:
-cost_fn and grad_fn: These files hold (in ASCII format) WRFDA cost and gradient function values, respectively, for the first and last iterations. If you run with PRINT_DETAIL_GRAD=true,
however, these values will be listed for each iteration; this can be helpful for visualization purposes. The NCL script WRFDA/var/graphics/ncl/plot_cost_grad_fn.ncl may be used to plot the content of cost_fn and grad_fn, if these files are generated with PRINT_DETAIL_GRAD=true.
- Note: Make sure that you remove the first two lines (header) in cost_fn and grad_fn before you plot. You also need to specify the directory name for these two files.
-gts_omb_oma_01: It contains (in ASCII format) information on all of the observations used by the WRFDA run. Each observation has its observed value, quality flag, observation error, observation minus background (OMB), and observation minus analysis (OMA). This information is very useful for both analysis and forecast verification purposes.
-namelist.input: This is the WRFDA input namelist file, which contains all the user-defined non-default options. Any namelist-defined options that do not appear in this file should have their
names checked against the values in $WRFDA_DIR/Registry/Registry.wrfvar.
-namelist.output: A consolidated list of all the namelist options used.
-rsl*: Files containing information for standard WRFDA output from individual processors when multiple processors are used. It contains a host of information on a number of observations, minimization, timings, etc. Additional diagnostics may be printed in these files by including various print WRFDA namelist options. To learn more about these additional print options, search for the print_ string in $WRFDA_DIR/Registry/Registry.wrfvar.
-statistics: Text file containing OMB (OI) and OMA (OA) statistics (minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation) for each observation type and variable. This information is very useful in diagnosing how WRFDA has used different components of the observing system. Also contained are the analysis minus background (A-B) statistics, i.e. statistics of the analysis increments for each model
variable at each model level. This information is very useful in checking the range of analysis increment values found in the analysis, and where they are in the WRF-model grid space.
-The WRFDA analysis file is wrfvar_output. It is in WRF (netCDF) format. It will become the input file wrfinput_d01 of any subsequent WRF run after lateral boundary and/or lower boundary conditions are updated by another WRFDA utility (See the section HYPERLINK \l "_Updating_WRF_Boundary" Updating WRF boundary conditions).
-An NCL script, $WRFDA_DIR/var/graphics/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl, is provided for plotting. You need to specify the analsyis_file name, its full path, etc. Please see the in-line comments in the script for details.
-As an example, if you are aiming to display the U-component of the analysis at level 18, execute the following command after modifying the script WRFDA/var/graphcs/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl, and make sure the following pieces of codes are uncommented:
-var = "U"
-fg = first_guess->U
-an = analysis->U
-plot_data = an
-When you execute the following command from $WRFDA_DIR/var/graphics/ncl.
- > ncl WRF-Var_plot.ncl
-The plot should look like:
-
-You may change the variable name, level, etc. in this script to display the variable of your choice at the desired eta level.
-Take time to look through the text output files to ensure you understand how WRFDA works. For example:
-How closely has WRFDA fit individual observation types? Look at the statistics file to compare the O-B and O-A statistics.
-How big are the analysis increments? Again, look in the statistics file to see minimum/maximum values of A-B for each variable at various levels. It will give you a feel for the impact of the input observation data you assimilated via WRFDA by modifying the input analysis first guess.
-How long did WRFDA take to converge? Does it really converge? You will get the answers of all these questions by looking into r
sl-files, as it indicates the number of iterations taken by WRFDA to converge. If this is the same as the maximum number of iterations specified in the namelist (NTMAX), or its default value (=200) set in $WRFDA_DIR/Registry/Registry.wrfvar, then it means that the analysis solution did not converge. If this is the case, you may need to increase the value of NTMAX and rerun your case to ensure that the convergence is achieved. On the other hand, a normal WRFDA run should usually converge within 100 iterations. If it still doesnt converge in 200 iterations, that means there may be a problem in the observations or first guess.
-A good way to visualize the impact of assimilation of observations is to plot the analysis increments (i.e. analysis minus the first guess difference). Many different graphics packages (e.g. RIP4, NCL, GRADS etc) can do this. The plot of level 18 theta increments below was produced using this particular NCL script. This script is located at $WRFDA_DIR
/var/graphics/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl.
-You need to modify this script to fix the full path for first_guess and analysis files. You may also use it to modify the display level by setting kl and the name of the variable to display by setting var. Further details are given in this script.
-If you are aiming to display the increment of potential temperature at level 18, after modifying $WRFDA_DIR/var/graphcs/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl, make sure the following pieces of code are uncommented:
-var = "T"
-fg = first_guess->T ;Theta- 300
-an = analysis->T ;Theta- 300
-plot_data = an - fg
-When you execute the following command from WRFDA_DIR/var/graphics/ncl.
-> ncl WRF-Var_plot.ncl
-The plot created will look as follows:
-
-Note: Larger analysis increments indicate a larger data impact in the corresponding region of the domain.
-
-Hybrid Data Assimilation in WRFDA
-The WRFDA system also includes a hybrid data assimilation technique, which is based on the existing 3
D-Var. The difference between hybrid and 3D-Var schemes is that 3D-Var relies solely on a static covariance model to specify the background errors, while the hybrid system uses a combination of 3D-Var static error covariances and ensemble-estimated error covariances to incorporate a flow-dependent estimate of the background error statistics. Please refer to Wang et al. (2008a,b) for a detailed description of the methodology used in the WRF hybrid system. The following section will give a brief introduction of some aspects of using the hybrid system.
-
-
-a. Source Code
-
-Four executables are used in the hybrid system. If you have successfully compiled the WRFDA system, you will see the following:
-
-WRFDA/var/build/gen_be_ensmean.exe
-WRFDA/var/build/gen_be_ep2.exe
-WRFDA/var/build/da_wrfvar.exe
-WRFDA/var/build/gen_be_vertloc.exe
-
-gen_be_ensmean.exe is used to calculate the ensemble mean, while gen_be_ep2.exe is used to calculate the ensemble perturbations. gen_be_vertlo
c.exe is used for vertical localization. As with 3D-Var/4D-Var, da_wrfvar.exe is the main WRFDA program. However, in this case, da_wrfvar.exe will run in the hybrid mode.
-
-b. Running The Hybrid System
-
-The procedure is the same as running 3D-Var/4D-Var, with the exception of some extra input files and namelist settings. The basic input files for WRFDA are LANDUSE.TBL, ob.ascii or ob.bufr (depending on which observation format you use), and be.dat (static background errors). Additional input files required by the hybrid are a single ensemble mean file (used as the fg for the hybrid application) and a set of ensemble perturbation files (used to represent flow-dependent background errors).
-
-A set of initial ensemble members must be prepared before the hybrid application can be started. The ensemble can be obtained from other ensemble model outputs, or you can generate them yourself. This can be done, for example, adding random noise to the initial conditions at a previou
s time and integrating each member to the desired time. A tutorial case with a test ensemble can be found at HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/Tutorials/2011_July/data/wrfda_hybrid_testdata.tar.gz" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/Tutorials/2011_July/data/wrfda_hybrid_testdata.tar.gz. In this example, the ensemble forecasts were initialized at 2006102712 and valid 2006102800. A hybrid analysis at 2006102800 will be performed using the ensemble valid 2006102800 as input. Once you have the initial ensemble, the ensemble mean and perturbations can be calculated following the steps below:
-
-
-1) Set an environment variable for your working directory and your data directory
-> setenv WORK_DIR your_hybrid_path > setenv DAT_DIR your_data_path > cd $WORK_DIR
-2) Calculate the ensemble mean
-
-From your working directory, copy or link the ensemble forecasts to your working directory. The ensemble members are identified by three-digit
numbers following the valid time.
-> ln sf $DAT_DIR/Hybrid/fc/2006102712/wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00.e* .
-Provide two template files (ensemble mean and variance files) in your working directory. These files will be overwritten with the ensemble mean and variance as discussed below.
-> cp $DAT_DIR/Hybrid/fc/2006102712/wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00.e001 ./wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00.mean > cp $DAT_DIR/Hybrid/fc/2006102712/wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00.e001 ./wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00.vari
-Copy gen_be_ensmean_nl.nl (cp $DAT_DIR/Hybrid/gen_be_ensmean_nl.nl .) You will need to set the information in this script as follows:
- &gen_be_ensmean_nl directory = '.' filename = 'wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00' num_members = 10 nv = 7 cv = 'U', 'V', 'W', 'PH', 'T', 'MU', 'QVAPOR' \
-where directory is the folder containing the ensemble members and template files, filename is the name of the files before their suffixes (e.g., .mean, .vari, etc), num_membe
rs is the number of ensemble members you are using, nv is the number of variables, and cv is the name of variables used in the hybrid system. Be sure nv and cv are consistent!
-
-Link gen_be_ensmean.exe to your working directory and run it.
-> ln sf $WRFDA_DIR/var/build/gen_be_ensmean.exe . > ./gen_be_ensmean.exe
-Check the output files. wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00.mean is the ensemble mean; wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00.vari is the ensemble variance
-
-3) Calculate ensemble perturbations
-
-Create a sub-directory in which you will be working to create ensemble perturbations.
-
-> mkdir p ./ep > cd ./ep
-
-Run gen_be_ep2.exe. The executable requires four command-line arguments (DATE, NUM_MEMBER, DIRECTORY, and FILENAME) as shown below for the tutorial example:
-
-> ln sf WRFDA/var/build/gen_be_ep2.exe . > ./gen_be_ep2.exe 2006102800 10 . ../wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00
-
-Check the output files. A list of binary files should now exist. Amon
g them, tmp.e* are temporary scratch files that can be removed.
-
-4) Back in the working directory, create the input file for vertical localization. This program requires one command-line argument: the number of vertical levels of the model configuration (same value as e_vert in the namelist; for the tutorial example, this should be 42).
-
-> cd $WORK_DIR
-> ln sf $WRFDA_DIR/var/build/gen_be_vertloc.exe .
-> ./gen_be_vertloc.exe 42
-
-The output is ./be.vertloc.dat in your working directory.
-
-5) Run WRFDA in hybrid mode
-
-In your hybrid working directory, link all the necessary files and directories as follows:
-> ln -fs ./ep/* . > ln -fs ./wrfout_d01_2006-10-28_00:00:00.mean ./fg (first guess is the ensemble mean) > ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/run/LANDUSE.TBL . > ln -fs $DAT_DIR/Hybrid/ob/2006102800/ob.ascii ./ob.ascii (or ob.bufr) > ln -fs $DAT_DIR/Hybrid/be/be.dat ./be.dat > ln fs $WRFDA_DIR/var/build/da_wrfvar.exe . > cp $DAT_DIR/Hybrid
/namelist.input .
-Edit namelist.input, paying special attention to the following hybrid-related settings:
-&wrfvar7 je_factor = 2.0 / &wrfvar16 ensdim_alpha = 10 alphacv_method = 2 alpha_corr_type=3 alpha_corr_scale = 1500.0 alpha_std_dev=1.000 alpha_vertloc = .true. /
-Finally, execute the WRFDA file, running in hybrid mode
-< ./da_wrfvar.exe >&! wrfda.log
-Check the output files; the output file lists are the same as when you run WRF 3D-Var.
-
-c. Hybrid namelist options
-
-je_factor
-ensemble covariance weighting factor. This factor controls the weighting component of ensemble and static covariances. The corresponding jb_factor = je_factor/(je_factor - 1).
-ensdim_alpha
-the number of ensemble members. Hybrid mode is activated when ensdim_alpha is larger than zero
-alphacv_method
-1=perturbations in control variable space (psi,chi_u,t_u,rh,ps_u); 2=perturbations in model space (u,v,t,q,ps). Option 2 is extensively tested and
recommended to use.
-alpha_corr_type
-correlation function. 1=Exponential; 2=SOAR; 3=Gaussian.
-alpha_corr_scale
-hybrid covariance localization scale in km unit. Default value is 1500.
-alpha_std_dev
-alpha standard deviation. Default value is 1.0
-alpha_vertloc
-for vertical localization. .true.=use vertical localization; .false.=no vertical localization
-
-Description of Namelist Variables
-WRFDA namelist variables.
-Variable NamesDefault ValueDescription&wrfvar1write_incrementsfalse.true.: write out a binary analysis increment filevar4dfalse.true.: 4D-Var modevar4d_lbctrue.true.: on/off for lateral boundary control in 4D-Varvar4d_bin3600seconds, observation sub-window length for 4D-Var var4d_bin_rain3600seconds, precipitation observation sub-window length for 4D-Var multi_inc0> 0: multi-incremental runprint_detail_radarfalseprint_detail_xxx: output extra (sometimes can be too many) diagnostics for debugging; not recommen
ded to turn these on for production runsprint_detail_xafalseprint_detail_xbfalseprint_detail_obsfalseprint_detail_gradfalse.true.: to print out a detailed gradient of each observation type at each iterationcheck_max_iv_printtrueobsolete (used only by Radar)&wrfvar2analysis_accu900in seconds, if the time difference between the namelist setting (analysis_date) and date info read-in from the first guess is larger than analysis_accu, WRFDA will issue a warning message ("=======> Wrong xb time found???"), but won't abort.
-calc_w_incrementfalse.true.: the increment of the vertical velocity, W, will be diagnosed based on the increments of other fields.
-.false.: the increment of the vertical velocity W is zero if no W information is assimilated.
-If there is information on the W from observations assimilated, such as radar radial velocity, the W increments are always computed, whether calc_w_increment=true. or .false.&wrfvar3
fg_format1 1: fg_format_wrf_arw_regional (default)
- 2: fg_format_wrf_nmm_regional
- 3: fg_format_wrf_arw_global
- 4: fg_format_kma_global
-ob_format21: ob_format_bufr (NCEP PREPBUFR), read in data from ob.bufr (not fully tested)
-2: ob_format_ascii (output from obsproc), read in data from ob.ascii (default)
-3: ob_format_madis (not tested)
-num_fgat_time11: 3DVar
-> 1: number of time slots for FGAT and 4DVAR &wrfvar4thin_convtruefor ob_format=1 (NCEP PREPBUFR) only. thinning is mandatory for ob_format=1, as time-duplicate data are "thinned" within the thinning routine; however, thin_conv can be set to .false. for debugging purpose.thin_mesh_conv 20. (max_instruments)for ob_format=1 (NCEP PREPBUFR) only.
-km, each observation type can set its thinning mesh and the index/order follows the definition in
-WRFDA/var/da/da_control/da_control.f90thin_rainobstrue.true.: perform thinning on precipitation datause_synopobstrueuse_xxxobs -
.true.: assimilate xxx obs if available
-.false.: do not assimilate xxx obs even available
-
-use_shipsobstrueuse_metarobstrueuse_soundobstrueuse_pilotobstrueuse_airepobstrueuse_geoamvobstrueuse_polaramvobstrueuse_bogusobstrueuse_buoyobstrueuse_profilerobstrueuse_satemobstrueuse_gpspwobstrueuse_gpsrefobstrueuse_qscatobstrueuse_radarobsfalseuse_radar_rvfalseuse_radar_rffalseuse_rainobsfalseuse_airsretobstrue ; use_hirs2obs, use_hirs3obs, use_hirs4obs, use_mhsobs
- ; use_msuobs, use_amsuaobs, use_amsubobs, use_airsobs,
- ; use_eos_amsuaobs, use_hsbobs, use_ssmisobs are
- ; radiance-related variables that only control if
- ; corresponding BUFR files are read into WRFDA or not, but
- ; do not control if the data is assimilated or not.
- ; Additional variables have to be set in &wrfvar14 in order
- ; to assimilate radiance data.use_hirs2obsfalse.true.: to read in
data from hirs2.bufruse_hirs3obsfalse.true.: to read in data from hirs3.bufruse_hirs4obsfalse.true.: to read in data from hirs4.bufruse_mhsobsfalse.true.: to read in data from mhs.bufruse_msuobsfalse.true.: to read in data from msu.bufruse_amsuaobsfalse.true.: to read in data from amsua.bufruse_amsubobsfalse.true.: to read in data from amsub.bufruse_airsobsfalse.true.: to read in data from airs.bufruse_eos_amsuaobsfalse.true.: to read in data from airs.bufruse_hsbobsfalse.true.: to read in data from hsb.bufruse_ssmisobsfalse.true.: to read in data from ssmis.bufruse_obs_errfacfalse.true.: apply obs error tuning factors if errfac.dat is available for conventional data only&wrfvar5
-check_max_ivtrue.true.: reject the observations whose innovations (O-B) are larger than a maximum value defined as a multiple of the observation error for each observation. i.e., inv > (obs_error*factor) --> fails_error_max; the defaul
t maximum value is 5 times the observation error ; the factor of 5 can be changed through max_error_* settings.max_error_t5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for tmax_error_uv5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for u and vmax_error_pw5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for precipitable watermax_error_ref5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for gps refractivitymax_error_q5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for specific humiditymax_error_p5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for pressuremax_error_thickness5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for thicknessmax_error_rv5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for radar radial velocitymax_error_rf5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for radar reflectivitymax_error_rain5.0maximum check_max_iv error check factor for precipitation&wrfvar6 (for minimization options)max_ext_its1number of outer loopsntmax200maximum number of itera
tions in an inner loopeps
-0.01 (max_ext_its)minimization convergence criterion (used dimension: max_ext_its); minimization stops when the norm of the gradient of the cost function gradient is reduced by a factor of eps. inner minimization stops either when the criterion is met or when inner iterations reach ntmax.orthonorm_gradientfalse.true.: the gradient vectors are stored during the Conjugate Gradient for each iteration and used to re-orthogonalize the new gradient. This requires extra storage of large vectors (each one being the size of the control variable) but results in a better convergence of the Conjugate Gradient after around 20 iterations.&wrfvar7cv_options53: NCEP Background Error model
-5: NCAR Background Error model (default)
-6: Use of multivariate background error statisticsas1(3)-1.0tuning factors for variance, horizontal and vertical scales for control variable 1 = stream function. For cv_options=3 only. The actual default values are
0.25, 1.0, 1.5.as2(3)-1.0tuning factors for variance, horizontal and vertical scales for control variable 2 - unbalanced potential velocity. For cv_options=3 only. The actual default values are 0.25, 1.0, 1.5.as3(3)-1.0tuning factors for variance, horizontal and vertical scales for control variable 3 - unbalanced temperature. For cv_options=3 only. The actual default values are 0.25, 1.0, 1.5.as4(3) -1.0tuning factors for variance, horizontal and vertical scales for control variable 4 - pseudo relative humidity. For cv_options=3 only. The actual default values are 0.25, 1.0, 1.5.as5(3)-1.0tuning factors for variance, horizontal and vertical scales for control variable 5 - unbalanced surface pressure. For cv_options=3 only. The actual default values are 0.25, 1.0, 1.5.rf_passes6number of passes of recursive filter.var_scaling11.0tuning factor of background error covariance for control variable 1 - stream function. For cv_options=5 only.var_scaling2
1.0tuning factor of background error covariance for control variable 2 - unbalanced velocity potential. For cv_options=5 only.var_scaling31.0tuning factor of background error covariance for control variable 3 - unbalanced temperature. For cv_options=5 only.var_scaling41.0tuning factor of background error covariance for control variable 4 - pseudo relative humidity. For cv_options=5 only.var_scaling51.0tuning factor of background error covariance for control variable 5 - unbalanced surface pressure. For cv_options=5 only.len_scaling11.0tuning factor of scale-length for stream function. For cv_options=5 only.len_scaling21.0tuning factor of scale-length for unbalanced velocity potential. For cv_options=5 only.len_scaling31.0tuning factor of scale-length for unbalanced temperature. For cv_options=5 only.len_scaling41.0tuning factor of scale-length for pseudo relative humidity. For cv_options=5 only.len_scaling51.0tuning factor of scale-length
for unbalanced surface pressure. For cv_options=5 only.je_factor1.0ensemble covariance weighting factor&wrfvar8 ;not used&wrfvar9for program tracing. trace_use=.true. gives additional performance diagnostics (calling tree, local routine timings, overall routine timings, & memory usage). It does not change results, but does add runtime overhead.stdout6unit number for standard outputstderr0unit number for error outputtrace_unit7Unit number for tracing output. Note that units 10 and 9 are reserved for reading namelist.input and writing namelist.output respectively.trace_pe0Currently, statistics are always calculated for all processors, and output by processor 0.trace_repeat_head10the number of times any trace statement will produce output for any particular routine. This stops overwhelming trace output when a routine is called multiple times. Once this limit is reached a 'going quiet' message is written to the trace file, and no more
output is produced from the routine, though statistics are still gathered.trace_repeat_body10see trace_repeat_head descriptiontrace_max_depth30define the deepest level to which tracing writes outputtrace_usefalse.true.: activate tracingtrace_use_frequentfalsetrace_use_dullfalsetrace_memorytrue.true.: calculate allocated memory using a mallinfo call. On some platforms (Cray and Mac), mallinfo is not available and no memory monitoring can be done.trace_all_pesfalse.true.: tracing is output for all pes. As stated in trace_pe, this does not change processor statistics.trace_csvtrue.true.: tracing statistics are written to a xxxx.csv file in CSV formatuse_htmltrue.true.: tracing and error reporting routines will include HTML tags.warnings_are_fatalfalse.true.: warning messages that would normally allow the program to continue are treated as fatal errors.&wrfvar10 (for code developer)test_transformsfalse.true.: perform adjoint te
ststest_gradientfalse.true.: perform gradient test&wrfvar11cv_options_hum1do not changecheck_rh00 --> No supersaturation check after minimization.
-1 --> supersaturation (rh> 100%) and minimum rh (rh<10%) check, and make the local adjustment of q.
-2 --> supersaturation (rh> 95%) and minimum rh (rh<11%) check and make the multi-level q adjustment under the constraint of conserved column integrated water vaporsfc_assi_options11 --> surface observations will be assimilated based on the lowest model level first guess. Observations are not used when the elevation difference between the observing site and the lowest model level is larger than 100m.
-2 --> surface observations will be assimilated based on surface similarity theory in PBL. Innovations are computed based on 10-m wind, 2-m temperature and 2-m moisture.calculate_cg_cost_fnfalseconjugate gradient algorithm does not require the computation of cost function at ev
ery iteration during minimization.
-.true.: Compute and write out cost function and gradient for each iteration into files cost_fn and grad_fn.
-false.: Only the initial and final cost functions are computed and output.lat_stats_optionfalsedo not change&wrfvar12balance_type1obsolete&wrfvar13vert_corr2do not changevertical_ip0obsoletevert_evalue1do not changemax_vert_var199.0specify the maximum truncation value (percentage) to explain the variance of stream function in eigenvector decompositionmax_vert_var299.0specify the maximum truncation value (percentage) to explain the variance of unbalanced potential velocity in eigenvector decompositionmax_vert_var399.0specify the maximum truncation value (percentage) to explain the variance of the unbalanced temperature in eigenvector decompositionmax_vert_var499.0specify the maximum truncation value (percentage) to explain the variance of pseudo relative humidity in eigenvector decomp
ositionmax_vert_var599.0for unbalanced surface pressure, it should be a non-zero positive number.
-set max_vert_var5=0.0 only for offline VarBC applications.
-
-&wrfvar14the following 4 variables (rtminit_nsensor, rtminit_platform, rtminit_satid, rtminit_sensor) together control what sensors to be assimilated.rtminit_nsensor1total number of sensors to be assimilatedrtminit_platform-1
-(max_instruments)platforms IDs array (used dimension: rtminit_nsensor); e.g., 1 for NOAA, 9 for EOS, 10 for METOP and 2 for DMSPrtminit_satid-1.0
-(max_instruments)satellite IDs array (used dimension: rtminit_nsensor)rtminit_sensor-1.0
-(max_instruments)sensor IDs array (used dimension: rtminit_nsensor); e.g., 0 for HIRS, 3 for AMSU-A, 4 for AMSU-B, 15 for MHS, 10 for SSMIS, 11 for AIRSrad_monitoring0
-(max_instruments)integer array (used dimension: rtminit_nsensor); 0: assimilating mode;
-1: monitoring mode (only calculate innovations)thinning_mesh60.0
-(max_instruments)real array (used dimension: rtminit_nsensor); specify thinning mesh size (in km) for different sensors.thinningfalse.true.: perform thinning on radiance dataqc_radtrue.true.: perform quality control. Do not change.write_iv_rad_asciifalse.true.: output radiance Observation minus Background files, which are in ASCII format and separated by sensor and processor.write_oa_rad_asciifalse.true.: output radiance Observation minus Analysis files (Observation minus Background information is also included), which are in ASCII format and separated by sensor and processor.use_error_factor_radfalse.true.: use a radiance error tuning factor file radiance_error.factor, which can be created with empirical values or generated using variational tuning method (Desroziers and Ivanov, 2001)use_antcorrfalse
-(max_instruments).true.: perform Antenna Correction in CRTMrtm_option1which RTM (Radiative Transfer Model) to use (WRFDA must be compiled with t
he desired model included, see first section for details) 1: RTTOV 2: CRTM only_sea_radfalse.true.: assimilate radiance over water onlyuse_varbcfalse.true.: perform Variational Bias Correction. A parameter file in ASCII format called VARBC.in (a template is provided with the source code tar ball) is required.freeze_varbcfalse.true: together with use_varbc=.false., keep the VarBC bias parameters constant in time. In this case, the bias correction is read and applied to the innovations, but it is not updated during the minimization.varbc_factor1.0for scaling the VarBC preconditioningvarbc_nobsmin10defines the minimum number of observations required for the computation of the predictor statistics during the first assimilation cycle. If there are not enough data (according to "VARBC_NOBSMIN") on the first cycle, the next cycle will perform a coldstart again.airs_warmest_fovfalse.true.: uses the observation brightness temperature for AIRS Windo
w channel #914 as criterion for GSI thinning (with a higher amplitude than the distance from the observation location to the nearest grid point).use_crtm_kmatrixfalse.true. use CRTM K matrix rather than calling CRTM TL and AD routines for gradient calculation, which reduces runtime noticeably.use_rttov_kmatrixfalse.true. use RTTOV K matrix rather than calling RTTOV TL and AD routines for gradient calculation, which reduces runtime noticeably.rttov_emis_atlas_ir00: do not use IR emissivity atlas
-1: use IR emissivity atlas (recommended)rttov_emis_atlas_mw00: do not use MW emissivity atlas
-1: use TELSEM MW emissivity atlas (recommended)
-2: use CNRM MW emissivity atlas&wrfvar15 (needs to be set together with &wrfvar19)num_pseudo0Set the number of pseudo observations, either 0 or 1 (single ob)pseudo_x1.0Set the x-position (I) of the OBS in unit of grid-point.pseudo_y1.0Set the y-position (J) of the OBS in unit of grid-point.pseudo_z
1.0Set the z-position (K) of OBS with the vertical level index, in bottom-up order.pseudo_val1.0Set the innovation of the ob; wind in m/s, pressure in Pa, temperature in K, specific humidity in kg/kg
-pseudo_err1.0set the error of the pseudo ob. Unit the same as pseudo_val.; if pseudo_var="q", pseudo_err=0.001 is more reasonable.&wrfvar16 (for hybrid WRFDA/ensemble)alphacv_method21: ensemble perturbations in control variable space
-2: ensemble perturbations in model variable spaceensdim_alpha0ensemble sizealpha_corr_type31: alpha_corr_type_exp
-2: alpha_corr_type_soar
-3: alpha_corr_type_gaussian (default)alpha_corr_scale1500.0km&wrfvar17analysis_type3D-VAR"3D-VAR": 3D-VAR mode (default);
- "QC-OBS": 3D-VAR mode plus extra filtered_obs output;
-"VERIFY": verification mode. WRFDA resets check_max_iv=.false. and ntmax=0; "RANDOMCV": for creating ensemble perturbationsadj_sensfals
e.true.: write out gradient of Jo for adjoint sensitivity&wrfvar18 (needs to set &wrfvar21 and &wrfvar22 as well if ob_format=1 and/or radiances are used)analysis_date2002-08-03_00:00:00.0000specify the analysis time. It should be consistent with the first guess time; however, if time difference between analysis_date and date info read in from first guess is larger than analysis_accu, WRFDA will issue a warning message ("=======> Wrong xb time found???"), but won't abort.&wrfvar19 (needs to be set together with &wrfvar15)pseudo_vartSet the name of the OBS variable:
-'u' = X-direction component of wind,
-'v' = Y-direction component of wind,
-'t' = Temperature,
-'p' = Pressure,
-'q' = Specific humidity
-"pw": total precipitable water
-"ref": refractivity
-"ztd": zenith total delay&wrfvar20documentation_urlhttp://www.mmm.ucar.edu/people/wrfhelp/wrfvar/code/trunk&wrfvar21time_wind
ow_min"2002-08-02_21:00:00.0000"start time of assimilation time window used for ob_format=1 and radiances to select observations inside the defined time_window. Note: Start from V3.1, this variable is also used for ob_format=2 to double-check if the obs are within the specified time window.
-&wrfvar22time_window_max"2002-08-03_03:00:00.0000"end time of assimilation time window used for ob_format=1 and radiances to select observations inside the defined time_window. Note: this variable is also used for ob_format=2 to double-check if the obs are within the specified time window.&perturbation (settings related to the 4D-Var)jcdfi_usefalse.true.: Include JcDF term in cost function.
-.false.: Ignore JcDF term in cost function.jcdfi_diag10: Doesn't print out the value of Jc.
-1:Print out the value of Jc.jcdfi_penalty10The weight to Jc term.enable_identity.false..true.: use identity adjoint and tangent linear model in 4D-Var.
-.
false.: use full adjoint and tangent linear model in 4D-Var.trajectory_io.true..true.: use memory I/O in 4D-Var for data exchange
-.false.: use disk I/O in 4D-Var for data exchangevar4d_detail_outfalse.true.: output extra diagnostics for debugging 4D-Var
-OBSPROC namelist variables.
-Variable NamesDescription&record1obs_gts_filenamename and path of decoded observation filefg_format'MM5' for MM5 application, 'WRF' for WRF applicationobserr.txtname and path of observational error filefirst_guess_filename and path of the first guess file&record2time_window_minThe earliest time edge as ccyy-mm-dd_hh:mn:sstime_analysisThe analysis time as ccyy-mm-dd_hh:mn:sstime_window_maxThe latest time edge as ccyy-mm-dd_hh:mn:ss
-** Note : Only observations between [time_window_min, time_window_max] will kept.&record3max_number_of_obsMaximum number of observations to be loaded, i.e. in domain and time window, this is independent of the numb
er of obs actually read.fatal_if_exceed_max_obs.TRUE.: will stop when more than max_number_of_obs are loaded
-.FALSE.: will process the first max_number_of_obs loaded observations. &record4qc_test_vert_consistency.TRUE. will perform a vertical consistency quality control check on soundingqc_test_convective_adj.TRUE. will perform a convective adjustment quality control check on soundingqc_test_above_lid.TRUE. will flag the observation above model lidremove_above_lid.TRUE. will remove the observation above model liddomain_check_h.TRUE. will discard the observations outside the domainThining_SATOB.FALSE.: no thinning for SATOB data.
-.TRUE.: thinning procedure applied to SATOB data.Thining_SSMI.FALSE.: no thinning for SSMI data.
-.TRUE.: thinning procedure applied to SSMI data.Thining_QSCAT.FALSE.: no thinning for SATOB data.
-.TRUE.: thinning procedure applied to SSMI data.&record5print_gts_readTRUE. will write diagnostic on the decod
ed obs reading in file obs_gts_read.diagprint_gpspw_read.TRUE. will write diagnostic on the gpsppw obs reading in file obs_gpspw_read.diagprint_recoverp.TRUE. will write diagnostic on the obs pressure recovery in file obs_recover_pressure.diagprint_duplicate_loc.TRUE. will write diagnostic on space duplicate removal in file obs_duplicate_loc.diagprint_duplicate_time.TRUE. will write diagnostic on time duplicate removal in file obs_duplicate_time.diagprint_recoverh.TRUE will write diagnostic on the obs height recovery in file obs_recover_height.diagprint_qc_vert.TRUE will write diagnostic on the vertical consistency check in file obs_qc1.diagprint_qc_conv.TRUE will write diagnostic on the convective adjustment check in file obs_qc1.diagprint_qc_lid.TRUE. will write diagnostic on the above model lid height check in file obs_qc2.diagprint_uncomplete.TRUE. will write diagnostic on the uncompleted obs removal in file obs_uncomplete.diaguser_defined_
area.TRUE.: read in the record6: x_left, x_right, y_top, y_bottom,
-.FALSE.: not read in the record6.&record6x_leftWest border of sub-domain, not usedx_rightEast border of sub-domain, not usedy_bottomSouth border of sub-domain, not usedy_topNorth border of sub-domain, not usedptopReference pressure at model topps0Reference sea level pressurebase_presSame as ps0. User must set either ps0 or base_pres.ts0Mean sea level temperaturebase_tempSame as ts0. User must set either ts0 or base_temp.tlpTemperature lapse ratebase_lapseSame as tlp. User must set either tlp or base_lapse.pis0Tropopause pressure, the default = 20000.0 Pabase_tropo_presSame as pis0. User must set either pis0 or base_tropo_prestis0Isothermal temperature above tropopause (K), the default = 215 K.base_start_tempSame as tis0. User must set either tis0 or base_start_temp.&record7IPROJMap projection (0 = Cylindrical Equidistance, 1 = Lambert Conformal, 2
= Polar stereographic, 3 = Mercator)PHICCentral latitude of the domainXLONCCentral longitude of the domainTRUELAT1True latitude 1TRUELAT2True latitude 2MOAD_CEN_LATThe central latitude for the Mother Of All DomainsSTANDARD_LONThe standard longitude (Y-direction) of the working domain.&record8IDDDomain ID (1=< ID =< MAXNES), Only the observations geographically located on that domain will be processed. For WRF application with XLONC /= STANDARD_LON, set IDD=2, otherwise set 1.MAXNESMaximum number of domains as needed.NESTIXThe I(y)-direction dimension for each of the domainsNESTJXThe J(x)-direction dimension for each of the domainsDISThe grid size for each of the domains. For WRF application, always set NESTIX(1),NESTJX(1), and DIS(1) based on the information in wrfinput.NUMCThe mother domain ID number for each of the domainsNESTIThe I location in its mother domain of the nest domain's low left corner -- point (1,1)NESTIT
he J location in its mother domain of the nest domain's low left corner -- point (1,1). For WRF application, NUMC(1), NESTI(1), and NESTJ(1) are always set to be 1.&record9prepbufr_output_filenameName of the PREPBUFR OBS file.prepbufr_table_filename'prepbufr_table_filename' ; not changeoutput_ob_formatoutput 1, PREPBUFR OBS file only;
- 2, ASCII OBS file only;
- 3, Both PREPBUFR and ASCII OBS files.use_for'3DVAR' obs file, same as before, default
-'FGAT ' obs files for FGAT
-'4DVAR' obs files for 4DVARnum_slots_pastthe number of time slots before time_analysisnum_slots_aheadthe number of time slots after time_analysiswrite_synopIf keep synop obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_shipIf keep ship obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_metarIf keep metar obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_buoyIf keep buoy obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_pilotIf keep pilot obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_soundIf keep sound obs in obs
_gts (ASCII) files.write_amdarIf keep amdar obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_satemIf keep satem obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_satobIf keep satob obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_airepIf keep airep obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_gpspwIf keep gpspw obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_gpsztdIf keep gpsztd obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_gpsrefIf keep gpsref obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_gpsephIf keep gpseph obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_ssmt1If keep ssmt1 obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_ssmt2If keep ssmt2 obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_ssmiIf keep ssmi obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_tovsIf keep tovs obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_qscatIf keep qscat obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_proflIf keep profile obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_bogusIf keep bogus obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.write_airsIf keep airs obs in obs_gts (ASCII) files.
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u / d o w n l o a d / a t t a c h m e n t s / 6 0 6 2 2 4 7 7 / W R F D A _ _ u p d a t e _ f o r _ c v 6 . p d f 5 ; ? h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l 7 J . h t t p : / / w w w . n c o . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / p m b / c o d e s / G R I B 2 / { > h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / C O N V E R T E R . g z J 7 4 h t t p : / / w w w . e m c . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / m m b / y l i n / p c p a n l / Q a n d A / e . h t t p : / / d a t a . e o l . u c a r . e d u / c o d i a c / d s s / i d = 2 1 . 0 9 3 | = ' f t p : / / f t p
. e m c . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / j c s d a / C R T M b g ~ ? h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m e { d h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m / d o c s _ r t t o v 1 0 / u s e r s _ g u i d e _ 1 0 _ v 1 . 5 . p d f K x V h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m / r t t o v _ d e s c r i p t i o n . h t m l K u V h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m / r t t o v _ d e s c r i p t i o n . h t m l A [ r
= h t t p : / / w w w . d t c e n t e r . o r g / c o m - G S I / u s e r s / s u p p o r t / f a q s / i n d e x . p h p ? ~ o 3 h t t p : / / w w w . n c o . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / s i b / d e c o d e r s / B U F R L I B / 6 l _ R u n n i n g _ W R F - V a r _ 1 A [ i = h t t p : / / w w w . d t c e n t e r . o r g / c o m - G S I / u s e r s / s u p p o r t / f a q s / i n d e x . p h p u d f _ A d d i t i o n a l _ W R F D A _ E x e r c i s e s : _ 1 & c _ W R F - V a r _ D i a g n o s t i c s _ 1 5 ; ` ? h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l * y ]
_ R u n n i n g _ g e n _ b e I Z " _ R u n n i n g _ O b s e r v a t i o n _ P r e p r o c e s s o r Q
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c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m f Z ? A h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / g e t _ s o u r c e . h t m l & < _ R u n n i n g _ g e n _ b e _ 1 x ] 9 $ _ R u n n i n g _ O b s e r v a t i o n _ P r e p r o c e s s o r _ 1 5 ; 6 ? h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l ` - 3 3 h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / i n d e x . h t m l Q
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+ H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ D e s c r i p t i o n _ o f _ N a m e l i s t _ 1 " D e s c r i p t i o n o f N a m e l i s t V a r i a b l e s
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+ D a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n i s t h e t e c h n i q u e b y w h i c h o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e c o m b i n e d w i t h a n N W P p r o d u c t ( t h e f i r s t g u e s s o r b a c k g r o u n d f o r e c a s t ) a n d t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s t o p r o v i d e a n i m p r o v e d e s t i m a t e ( t h e a n a l y s i s ) o f t h e a t m o s p h e r i c ( o r o c e a n i c , J o v i a n , e t c . ) s t a t e . V a r i a t i o n a l ( V a r ) d a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n a c h i e v e s t h i s t h r o u g h t h e i t e r a t i v e m i n i m i z a t i o n o f a p r e s c r i b e d c o s t ( o r p e n a l t y ) f u n c t i o n . D i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n t h e a n a l y s i s a n d o b s e r v a t i o n s / f i r s t g u e s s a r e p e n a l i z e d ( d
a m p e d ) a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r p e r c e i v e d e r r o r . T h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h r e e - d i m e n s i o n a l ( 3 D - V a r ) a n d f o u r - d i m e n s i o n a l ( 4 D - V a r ) d a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n i s t h e u s e o f a n u m e r i c a l f o r e c a s t m o d e l i n t h e l a t t e r .
+ T h e M M M D i v i s i o n o f N C A R s u p p o r t s a u n i f i e d ( g l o b a l / r e g i o n a l , m u l t i - m o d e l , 3 / 4 D - V a r ) m o d e l - s p a c e d a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n s y s t e m ( W R F D A ) f o r u s e b y t h e N C A R s t a f f a n d c o l l a b o r a t o r s , a n d i s a l s o f r e e l y a v a i l a b l e t o t h e g e n e r a l c o m m u n i t y , t o g e t h e r w i t h f u r t h e r d o c u m e n t a t i o n , t e s t r e s u l t s , p l a n s e t c . , f r o m
t h e W R F D A w e b - p a g e ( H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / i n d e x . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / i n d e x . h t m l ) .
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+ B 0 b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f r o m g e n e r i c B E d a t a ( C V 3 ) o r g e n _ b e .
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+ b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s ( e s t i m a t e o f e r r o r s i n t h e b a c k g r o u n d f i l e ) .
+ T h i s t u t o r i a l d a t a s e t c a n b e d o w n l o a d e d f r o m t h e W R F D A U s e r s P a g e ( H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l ) , a n d w i l l b e d e s c r i b e d l a t e r i n m o r e d e t a i l . I n y o u r o w n w o r k , h o w e v e r , y o u w i l l h a v e t o c r e a t e a l l t h e s e i n p u t f i l e s
y o u r s e l f . S e e t h e s e c t i o n H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ R u n n i n g _ O b s e r v a t i o n _ P r e p r o c e s s o r _ 1 " R u n n i n g O b s e r v a t i o n P r e p r o c e s s o r f o r c r e a t i n g y o u r o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e s . S e e t h e s e c t i o n H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ R u n n i n g _ g e n _ b e _ 1 " R u n n i n g g e n _ b e f o r g e n e r a t i n g y o u r b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f i l e , i f y o u w a n t t o u s e c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 6 .
+ B e f o r e u s i n g y o u r o w n d a t a , w e s u g g e s t t h a t y o u s t a r t b y r u n n i n g t h r o u g h t h e W R F D A - r e l a t e d p r o g r a m s u s i n g t h e s u p p l i e d t e s t c a s e . T h i s s e r v e s t w o p u r p o s e s : F i r
s t , y o u c a n l e a r n h o w t o r u n t h e p r o g r a m s w i t h d a t a w e h a v e t e s t e d o u r s e l v e s , a n d s e c o n d y o u c a n t e s t w h e t h e r y o u r c o m p u t e r i s c a p a b l e o f r u n n i n g t h e e n t i r e m o d e l i n g s y s t e m . A f t e r y o u h a v e d o n e t h e t u t o r i a l , y o u c a n t r y r u n n i n g o t h e r , m o r e c o m p u t a t i o n a l l y i n t e n s i v e , c a s e s t u d i e s a n d e x p e r i m e n t i n g w i t h s o m e o f t h e m a n y n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s .
+ W A R N I N G : I t i s i m p o s s i b l e t o t e s t e v e r y p e r m u t a t i o n o f c o m p u t e r , c o m p i l e r , n u m b e r o f p r o c e s s o r s , c a s e , n a m e l i s t o p t i o n , e t c . f o r e v e r y W R F D A r e l e a s e . T h e
n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s t h a t a r e s u p p o r t e d a r e i n d i c a t e d i n t h e W R F D A / v a r / R E A D M E . n a m e l i s t , a n d t h e s e a r e t h e d e f a u l t o p t i o n s .
+ H o p e f u l l y , o u r t e s t c a s e s w i l l p r e p a r e y o u f o r t h e v a r i e t y o f w a y s i n w h i c h y o u m a y w i s h t o r u n y o u r o w n W R F D A e x p e r i m e n t s . P l e a s e i n f o r m u s a b o u t y o u r e x p e r i e n c e s .
+ A s a p r o f e s s i o n a l c o u r t e s y , w e r e q u e s t t h a t y o u i n c l u d e t h e f o l l o w i n g r e f e r e n c e s i n a n y p u b l i c a t i o n t h a t u s e s a n y c o m p o n e n t o f t h e c o m m u n i t y W R F D A s y s t e m :
+
+ B a r k e r , D . M . , W . H u a n g , Y . R . G u o , a n d Q . N . X i a
o . , 2 0 0 4 : A T h r e e - D i m e n s i o n a l ( 3 D V A R ) D a t a A s s i m i l a t i o n S y s t e m F o r U s e W i t h M M 5 : I m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d I n i t i a l R e s u l t s . M o n . W e a . R e v . , 1 3 2 , 8 9 7 - 9 1 4 .
+
+ H u a n g , X . Y . , Q . X i a o , D . M . B a r k e r , X . Z h a n g , J . M i c h a l a k e s , W . H u a n g , T . H e n d e r s o n , J . B r a y , Y . C h e n , Z . M a , J . D u d h i a , Y . G u o , X . Z h a n g , D . J . W o n , H . C . L i n , a n d Y . H . K u o , 2 0 0 9 : F o u r - D i m e n s i o n a l V a r i a t i o n a l D a t a A s s i m i l a t i o n f o r W R F : F o r m u l a t i o n a n d P r e l i m i n a r y R e s u l t s . M o n . W e a . R e v . , 1 3 7 , 2 9 9 3 1 4 .
+ R u n n i n g W R F D A r e q u i r e s a F o r t r a n 9 0 c o m p i l e r
. W e h a v e t e s t e d t h e W R F D A o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p l a t f o r m s : I B M ( X L F ) , S G I A l t i x ( I N T E L ) , P C / L i n u x ( P G I , I N T E L , G F O R T R A N ) , a n d A p p l e ( G 9 5 / P G I ) . P l e a s e l e t u s k n o w i f t h i s d o e s n o t m e e t y o u r r e q u i r e m e n t s , a n d w e w i l l a t t e m p t t o a d d o t h e r m a c h i n e s t o o u r l i s t o f s u p p o r t e d a r c h i t e c t u r e s , a s r e s o u r c e s a l l o w . A l t h o u g h w e a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n h e a r i n g a b o u t y o u r e x p e r i e n c e s i n m o d i f y i n g c o m p i l e r o p t i o n s , w e d o n o t r e c o m m e n d m a k i n g c h a n g e s t o t h e c o n f i g u r e f i l e u s e d t o c o m p i l e W R F D A .
+
+ I n s t a l l i n g W R F D A f o
r 3 D - V a r R u n
+ O b t a i n i n g W R F D A S o u r c e C o d e
+ U s e r s c a n d o w n l o a d t h e W R F D A s o u r c e c o d e f r o m H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / g e t _ s o u r c e . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / g e t _ s o u r c e . h t m l .
+ N o t e : W R F c o m p i l e s w i t h t h e r 4 o p t i o n w h i l e W R F D A c o m p i l e s w i t h r 8 . F o r t h i s r e a s o n , W R F a n d W R F D A c a n n o t r e s i d e a n d b e c o m p i l e d u n d e r t h e s a m e d i r e c t o r y .
+ A f t e r t h e t a r f i l e i s u n z i p p e d ( g u n z i p W R F D A V 3 . 4 . T A R . g z ) a n d u n t a r r e d ( t a r - x f W R F D A V 3 . 4 . T A R ) , t h
e d i r e c t o r y W R F D A s h o u l d b e c r e a t e d . T h i s d i r e c t o r y c o n t a i n s t h e W R F D A s o u r c e , e x t e r n a l l i b r a r i e s , a n d f i x e d f i l e s . T h e f o l l o w i n g i s a l i s t o f t h e s y s t e m c o m p o n e n t s a n d c o n t e n t f o r e a c h s u b d i r e c t o r y :
+
+ D i r e c t o r y N a m e C o n t e n t v a r / d a W R F D A s o u r c e c o d e v a r / r u n F i x e d i n p u t f i l e s r e q u i r e d b y W R F D A , s u c h a s b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e , r a d i a n c e - r e l a t e d f i l e s , C R T M c o e f f i c i e n t s , r a d i a n c e _ i n f o a n d V A R B C . i n . v a r / e x t e r n a l
+ L i b r a r y n e e d e d b y W R F D A , i n c l u d e s C R T M , B U F R , L A P A C K , B L A S v a r / o b s p r o c
O B S P R O C s o u r c e c o d e , n a m e l i s t , a n d o b s e r v a t i o n e r r o r f i l e . v a r / g e n _ b e
+ S o u r c e c o d e o f g e n e r a t e d b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r v a r / b u i l d B u i l d s a l l . e x e f i l e s .
+
+ C o m p i l e W R F D A a n d L i b r a r i e s
+ S o m e e x t e r n a l l i b r a r i e s ( e . g . , L A P A C K , B L A S , a n d N C E P B U F R ) a r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e W R F D A t a r f i l e . T o c o m p i l e t h e W R F D A c o d e , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o h a v e i n s t a l l e d t h e n e t C D F l i b r a r y , w h i c h i s t h e o n l y m a n d a t o r y l i b r a r y i f o n l y c o n v e n t i o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a i n L I T T L E _ R f o r m a t a r e t o b e u s e d .
+ > s e t e n v N E T C D F y o u r _ n
e t c d f _ p a t h
+ I f o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a i n t h e P R E P B U F R f o r m a t a r e t o b e u s e d , t h e N C E P B U F R l i b r a r y m u s t b e c o m p i l e d , a n d B U F R - r e l a t e d W R F D A c o d e m u s t b e g e n e r a t e d a n d c o m p i l e d a f t e r c o n f i g u r e / c o m p i l e . T o d o t h i s , s e t t h e e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e B U F R b e f o r e c o n f i g u r i n g :
+ > s e t e n v B U F R 1
+ I f s a t e l l i t e r a d i a n c e d a t a a r e t o b e u s e d , i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e N C E P B U F R l i b r a r y , a R a d i a t i v e T r a n s f e r M o d e l ( R T M ) i s r e q u i r e d . T h e c u r r e n t R T M v e r s i o n s t h a t W R F D A u s e s a r e C R T M V 2 . 0 . 2 a n d R T T O V V 1 0 . W R F D A c a n b e
c o m p i l e d w i t h e i t h e r o f t h e s e , o r b o t h t o g e t h e r , b u t n o t e t h a n o n l y o n e m a y b e u s e d i n e a c h i n d i v i d u a l r u n .
+ S t a r t i n g w i t h V 3 . 2 . 1 , C R T M V 2 . 0 . 2 i s i n c l u d e d i n t h e W R F D A t a r f i l e . T o h a v e t h e C R T M l i b r a r y c o m p i l e d a n d t h e C R T M - r e l a t e d W R F D A c o d e g e n e r a t e d a n d c o m p i l e d , s e t t h e e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e C R T M :
+ > s e t e n v C R T M 1
+ I f t h e u s e r w i s h e s t o u s e R T T O V , d o w n l o a d a n d i n s t a l l t h e R T T O V v 1 0 l i b r a r y b e f o r e c o m p i l i n g W R F D A . T h i s l i b r a r y c a n b e d o w n l o a d e d f r o m H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m
e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m " h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m . A f t e r u s i n g t h e R T T O V d o c u m e n t a t i o n t o c o m p i l e t h e l i b r a r y , s e t t h e R T T O V e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e t o t h e p a t h w h e r e t h e l i b d i r e c t o r y r e s i d e s . F o r e x a m p l e , i f t h e l i b r a r y f i l e s c a n b e f o u n d i n / u s r / l o c a l / r t t o v 1 0 / p g i / l i b / l i b r t t o v 1 0 . 2 . 0 _ * . a , y o u s h o u l d s e t R T T O V a s :
+
+ > s e t e n v R T T O V / u s r / l o c a l / r t t o v 1 0 / p g i
+ N o t e : M a k e s u r e t h e r e q u i r e d l i b r a r i e s w e r e a l l c o m p i l e d u s i n g t h e s a m e c o
m p i l e r t h a t w i l l b e u s e d t o b u i l d W R F D A , s i n c e t h e l i b r a r i e s p r o d u c e d b y o n e c o m p i l e r m a y n o t b e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h c o d e c o m p i l e d w i t h a n o t h e r .
+ A s s u m i n g a l l r e q u i r e d l i b r a r i e s a r e a v a i l a b l e a n d t h e W R F D A s o u r c e c o d e i s r e a d y , s t a r t t o b u i l d W R F D A u s i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g s t e p s :
+ S e t y o u r W R F D A d i r e c t o r y a s t h e e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e W R F D A _ D I R . F o r i n s t a n c e , i f y o u r W R F D A V 3 d i r e c t o r y w a s u n p a c k e d i n / u s r / l o c a l :
+ > s e t e n v W R F D A _ D I R / u s r / l o c a l / W R F D A V 3
+ T o c o n f i g u r e W R F D A , e n t e r t h e W R F D A d i r e c t o r y a n d
r u n t h e c o n f i g u r e s c r i p t
+ > c d $ W R F D A _ D I R > . / c o n f i g u r e w r f d a
+ A l i s t o f c o n f i g u r a t i o n o p t i o n s s h o u l d a p p e a r . E a c h o p t i o n c o m b i n e s a c o m p i l e r t y p e a n d a p a r a l l e l i s m o p t i o n . S i n c e t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n s c r i p t d o e s n t c h e c k w h i c h c o m p i l e r s a r e a c t u a l l y i n s t a l l e d o n y o u r s y s t e m , b e s u r e t o s e l e c t o n l y a m o n g t h e o p t i o n s t h a t a r e a v a i l a b l e o n y o u r s y s t e m . T h e a v a i l a b l e p a r a l l e l i s m o p t i o n s a r e a s i n g l e - p r o c e s s o r c o m p i l a t i o n ( s e r i a l ) , s h a r e d - m e m o r y p a r a l l e l c o m p i l a t i o n ( s m p a r ) , d i s t r i b u t e d - m e m o r y
p a r a l l e l c o m p i l a t i o n ( d m p a r ) , a n d d i s t r i b u t e d - m e m o r y w i t h s h a r e d - m e m o r y p a r a l l e l c o m p i l a t i o n ( s m + d m ) . F o r e x a m p l e , o n a M a c i n t o s h c o m p u t e r , t h e a b o v e s t e p s w i l l l o o k s i m i l a r t o t h e f o l l o w i n g :
+ > . / c o n f i g u r e w r f d a
+ c h e c k i n g f o r p e r l 5 . . . n o
+ c h e c k i n g f o r p e r l . . . f o u n d / u s r / b i n / p e r l ( p e r l )
+ W i l l u s e N E T C D F i n d i r : / u s e r s / n o n a m e / w o r k / e x t e r n a l / g 9 5 / n e t c d f - 3 . 6 . 1
+ P H D F 5 n o t s e t i n e n v i r o n m e n t . W i l l c o n f i g u r e W R F f o r u s e w i t h o u t .
+ $ J A S P E R L I B o r $ J A S P E R I N C n o t f o u n d i n e n v i r o n m e n t , c o n f i g u r i n g t o b u i
l d w i t h o u t g r i b 2 I / O . . .
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ P l e a s e s e l e c t f r o m a m o n g t h e f o l l o w i n g s u p p o r t e d p l a t f o r m s .
+
+ 1 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) P G I c o m p i l e r w i t h p g c c ( s e r i a l )
+ 2 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) P G I c o m p i l e r w i t h p g c c ( s m p a r )
+ 3 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) P G I c o m p i l e r w i t h p g c c ( d m p a r )
+ 4 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) P G I c o m p i l e r w i t h p g c c ( d m + s m )
+ 5 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) i n t e l c o m p i l e r w i t h i c c ( s e r i a l )
+ 6 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) i n t e l c o m p i l e r w i t h i c c ( s m p a r )
+ 7
. D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) i n t e l c o m p i l e r w i t h i c c ( d m p a r )
+ 8 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) i n t e l c o m p i l e r w i t h i c c ( d m + s m )
+ 9 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) i n t e l c o m p i l e r w i t h c c ( s e r i a l )
+ 1 0 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) i n t e l c o m p i l e r w i t h c c ( s m p a r )
+ 1 1 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) i n t e l c o m p i l e r w i t h c c ( d m p a r )
+ 1 2 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) i n t e l c o m p i l e r w i t h c c ( d m + s m )
+ 1 3 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) g 9 5 w i t h g c c ( s e r i a l )
+ 1 4 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) g 9 5 w i t h g c c ( d m p a r )
+ 1 5 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) x l f ( s e r i a l )
+ 1 6 . D a r w i n ( M A C O S ) x l f ( d m p a r )
+
+ E n t
e r s e l e c t i o n [ 1 - 1 0 ] : 1 3
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ C o m p i l e f o r n e s t i n g ? ( 0 = n o n e s t i n g , 1 = b a s i c , 2 = p r e s e t m o v e s , 3 = v o r t e x f o l l o w i n g ) [ d e f a u l t 0 ] :
+ C o n f i g u r a t i o n s u c c e s s f u l . T o b u i l d t h e m o d e l t y p e c o m p i l e .
+ & &
+ A f t e r r u n n i n g t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n s c r i p t a n d c h o o s i n g a c o m p i l a t i o n o p t i o n , a c o n f i g u r e . w r f f i l e w i l l b e c r e a t e d . B e c a u s e o f t h e v a r i e t y o f w a y s t h a t a c o m p u t e r c a n b e c o n f i g u r e d , i f t h e W R F D A b u i l d u l t i m a t e l y f a i l s , t h e r e i s a c h a n
c e t h a t m i n o r m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o t h e c o n f i g u r e . w r f f i l e m a y b e n e e d e d .
+ H i n t : I t i s h e l p f u l t o s t a r t w i t h s o m e t h i n g s i m p l e , s u c h a s t h e s e r i a l b u i l d . I f i t i s s u c c e s s f u l , m o v e o n t o b u i l d d m p a r c o d e . R e m e m b e r t o t y p e c l e a n a b e t w e e n e a c h b u i l d .
+ T o c o m p i l e t h e c o d e , t y p e
+ > . / c o m p i l e a l l _ w r f v a r > & ! c o m p i l e . o u t
+ S u c c e s s f u l c o m p i l a t i o n w i l l p r o d u c e 4 3 e x e c u t a b l e s : 4 2 o f w h i c h a r e i n t h e v a r / b u i l d d i r e c t o r y a n d l i n k e d i n t h e v a r / d a d i r e c t o r y , w i t h t h e 4 3 r d , o b s p r o c . e x e , i n t h e v a r / o b s p r o
c / s r c d i r e c t o r y . Y o u c a n l i s t t h e s e e x e c u t a b l e s b y i s s u i n g t h e c o m m a n d :
+ > l s - l v a r / b u i l d / * e x e v a r / o b s p r o c / s r c / o b s p r o c . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 4 5 7 1 4 5 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ a d v a n c e _ t i m e . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 6 6 4 4 8 1 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ b i a s _ a i r m a s s . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 5 0 3 3 6 4 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ b i a s _ s c a n . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 4 7 2 9 6 4 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ b i a s _ s e l e . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 4 8 3 4 5 9 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ b i a s _ v e r i f . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s
1 0 9 7 7 3 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ r a d _ d i a g s . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 5 4 4 4 5 7 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ t u n e _ o b s _ d e s r o z i e r s . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 2 9 5 0 2 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ t u n e _ o b s _ h o l l i n g s w o r t h 1 . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 6 8 4 8 3 1 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ t u n e _ o b s _ h o l l i n g s w o r t h 2 . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 1 6 1 8 3 4 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ u p d a t e _ b c _ a d . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 1 9 0 1 1 7 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ u p d a t e _ b c . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 2 6 3 4 3 1 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ v e r i f _ g r i
d . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 1 1 9 3 8 0 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ v e r i f _ o b s . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 1 2 2 2 4 6 0 0 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 3 0 v a r / b u i l d / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 8 4 4 2 5 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ c o v 2 d 3 d _ c o n t r i b . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 7 9 6 6 0 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ c o v 2 d . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 8 5 5 7 7 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ c o v 3 d 2 d _ c o n t r i b . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 8 3 3 7 5 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ c o v 3 d 3 d _ b i n 3 d _ c o n t r i b . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 8 6 6 9 8 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r
/ b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ c o v 3 d 3 d _ c o n t r i b . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 7 5 5 6 4 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ c o v 3 d . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 7 1 4 6 8 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ d i a g s . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 8 5 2 8 5 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ d i a g s _ r e a d . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 8 1 9 1 4 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ e n s m e a n . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 9 2 1 4 3 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ e n s r f . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 2 0 6 1 8 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ e p 1 . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 1 3 8 2 3 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r
/ b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ e p 2 . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 1 8 1 3 4 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ e t k f . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 8 3 7 5 5 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ h i s t . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 4 3 6 7 6 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 0 _ g s i . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 3 0 5 4 4 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 0 _ w r f . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 0 8 3 3 9 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 1 _ 1 d v a r . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 9 6 0 4 5 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 1 . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 0 8 5 7 4 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r /
b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 1 _ g s i . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 9 4 0 4 2 8 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 2 _ 1 d v a r . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 8 3 7 5 8 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 2 a . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 9 1 9 4 9 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 2 . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 5 7 3 0 9 7 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 2 _ g s i . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 9 1 9 4 9 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 3 . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 7 5 5 7 2 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 4 _ g l o b a l . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 9 6 9 7 1 M a r
1 9 1 2 : 1 8 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 4 _ r e g i o n a l . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 7 7 6 9 6 3 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ v e r t l o c . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 4 9 5 6 2 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 2 7 v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ m b e _ s t a g e 2 . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r s 8 8 0 0 4 9 M a r 1 9 1 2 : 3 0 v a r / o b s p r o c / s r c / o b s p r o c . e x e
+ T h e m a i n e x e c u t a b l e f o r r u n n i n g W R F D A i s d a _ w r f v a r . e x e . M a k e s u r e i t h a s b e e n c r e a t e d a f t e r t h e c o m p i l a t i o n : i t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t a l l o t h e r u t i l i t i e s m a y g e t s u c c e s s f u l l y c o m p i l e d , w h i l e t h e m a i n d a _ w r f v a r . e x e f a i l s . I f t h i s o c c u r s , p l e a s
e c h e c k t h e c o m p i l a t i o n l o g f i l e c a r e f u l l y f o r a n y e r r o r s .
+ T h e b a s i c g e n _ b e u t i l i t y f o r t h e r e g i o n a l m o d e l c o n s i s t s o f g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 0 _ w r f . e x e , g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 1 . e x e , g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 2 . e x e , g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 2 a . e x e , g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 3 . e x e , g e n _ b e _ s t a g e 4 _ r e g i o n a l . e x e , a n d g e n _ b e _ d i a g s . e x e .
+ d a _ u p d a t e d _ b c . e x e i s u s e d f o r u p d a t i n g t h e W R F l o w e r a n d l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s b e f o r e a n d a f t e r a n e w W R F D A a n a l y s i s i s g e n e r a t e d .
+ d a _ a d v a n c e _ t i m e . e x e i s a v e r y h a n d y a n d u s e f u l t o o l f o r d a t e / t i m e m a n i p u l a t i o n . T y p e $ W
R F D A _ D I R / v a r / b u i l d / d a _ a d v a n c e _ t i m e . e x e t o s e e i t s u s a g e i n s t r u c t i o n .
+ o b s p r o c . e x e i s t h e e x e c u t a b l e f o r p r e p a r i n g c o n v e n t i o n a l d a t a f o r W R F D A .
+ I f y o u s p e c i f i e d t h a t B U F R o r C R T M l i b r a r i e s w e r e n e e d e d , c h e c k $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / e x t e r n a l / b u f r a n d $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / e x t e r n a l / c r t m t o c h e c k i f t h e l i b b u f r . a a n d l i b c r t m . a w e r e g e n e r a t e d .
+ C l e a n C o m p i l a t i o n
+ T o r e m o v e a l l o b j e c t f i l e s a n d e x e c u t a b l e s , t y p e :
+ c l e a n
+ T o r e m o v e a l l b u i l d f i l e s , i n c l u d i n g c o n f i g u r e . w r f d a , t y p e :
+ c l e a n - a
+ T h e c l e a n a c o m m a n d
i s r e c o m m e n d e d i f c o m p i l a t i o n f a i l s o r t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n f i l e i s c h a n g e d .
+
+ I n s t a l l i n g W R F P L U S a n d W R F D A f o r 4 D - V a r R u n
+ I f y o u i n t e n d t o r u n W R F 4 D - V a r , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o h a v e W R F P L U S i n s t a l l e d . W R F P L U S c o n t a i n s t h e a d j o i n t a n d t a n g e n t l i n e a r m o d e l s b a s e d o n a s i m p l i f i e d W R F m o d e l , w h i c h o n l y i n c l u d e s a f e w s i m p l i f i e d p h y s i c s p a c k a g e s , s u c h a s s u r f a c e d r a g , l a r g e s c a l e c o n d e n s a t i o n a n d p r e c i p i t a t i o n , c u m u l u s p r e c i p i t a t i o n . A s o f V 3 . 4 , W R F 4 D - V a r c a n b e c o m p i l e d t o b e r u n i n p a r a l l e l .
+ T o
i n s t a l l W R F P L U S V 3 . 4 :
+ G e t t h e W R F P L U S z i p p e d t a r f i l e f r o m H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / w r f p l u s . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / w r f p l u s . h t m l
+ U n z i p a n d u n t a r t h e f i l e f o r W R F P L U S , t h e n r u n t h e c o n f i g u r e s c r i p t
+ > g u n z i p W R F P L U S V 3 . 4 . T A R . g z
+ > t a r - x f W R F P L U S V 3 . 4 . T A R
+ > c d W R F P L U S V 3
+ > . / c o n f i g u r e w r f p l u s
+ A s w i t h 3 D - V a r , s e r i a l m e a n s s i n g l e - p r o c e s s o r , a n d d m p a r m e a n s D i s t r i b u t e d M e m o r y P a r a l l e l ( M P I )
+ C o m p i l e W R F P L U S
+
> . / c o m p i l e e m _ r e a l
+ > l s - l s m a i n / * . e x e
+ Y o u s h o u l d s e e t h e f o l l o w i n g f i l e s :
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r u s e r s 2 3 1 7 9 9 2 0 A p r 3 1 5 : 2 2 m a i n / n d o w n . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r u s e r s 2 2 9 4 7 4 6 6 A p r 3 1 5 : 2 2 m a i n / n u p . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r u s e r s 2 3 1 1 3 9 6 1 A p r 3 1 5 : 2 2 m a i n / r e a l . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r u s e r s 2 2 9 9 1 7 2 5 A p r 3 1 5 : 2 2 m a i n / t c . e x e
+ - r w x r - x r - x 1 u s e r u s e r s 3 2 7 8 5 4 4 7 A p r 3 1 5 : 2 0 m a i n / w r f . e x e
+ F i n a l l y , s e t t h e e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e W R F P L U S _ D I R t o t h e a p p r o p r i a t e d i r e c t o r y :
+ > s e t e n v W R F P L U S _ D I R $ { y o u r _ s o u
r c e _ c o d e _ d i r } / W R F P L U S V 3
+ T o i n s t a l l W R F D A f o r t h e 4 D - V a r r u n :
+ I f y o u i n t e n d t o u s e o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a i n t h e P R E P B U F R f o r m a t , o r i f y o u i n t e n d t o a s s i m i l a t e s a t e l l i t e r a d i a n c e d a t a , y o u n e e d t o s e t e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e s f o r B U F R , C R T M , a n d / o r R T T O V . S e e t h e p r e v i o u s 3 D - V a r s e c t i o n f o r i n s t r u c t i o n s .
+ > . / c o n f i g u r e 4 d v a r > & c o m p i l e . o u t
+ N o t e : A s o f V 3 . 4 , W R F D A 4 D - V a r m a y b e c o m p i l e d t o r u n i n p a r a l l e l m o d e .
+ > . / c o m p i l e a l l _ w r f v a r > l s - l s v a r / b u i l d / * . e x e v a r / o b s p r o c / * . e x e
+ Y o u s h o u l d s e e
t h e s a m e 4 3 e x e c u t a b l e s a s a r e l i s t e d i n t h e a b o v e 3 D - V a r s e c t i o n , i n c l u d i n g d a _ w r f v a r . e x e
+
+ R u n n i n g O b s e r v a t i o n P r e p r o c e s s o r ( O B S P R O C )
+ T h e O B S P R O C p r o g r a m r e a d s o b s e r v a t i o n s i n L I T T L E _ R f o r m a t ( a l e g e n d a r y A S C I I f o r m a t , i n u s e s i n c e t h e M M 5 e r a ) . T h e L I T T L E _ R f o r m a t i s a l s o u s e d i n t h e O B S G R I D p r o g r a m . P l e a s e r e f e r t o t h e d o c u m e n t a t i o n i n H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / d o c s / u s e r _ g u i d e _ V 3 / u s e r s _ g u i d e _ c h a p 7 . h t m " \ l " f o r m a t " C h a p t e r 7 o f t h i s U s e r s G u i d e f o r t h e
L I T T L E _ R f o r m a t d e s c r i p t i o n . F o r y o u r a p p l i c a t i o n s , b e s i d e s t h o s e o b s e r v a t i o n s p r o v i d e d f o r t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e , y o u w i l l h a v e t o p r e p a r e y o u r o w n o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e s . P l e a s e s e e H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / f r e e _ d a t a . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / f r e e _ d a t a . h t m l f o r t h e s o u r c e s o f s o m e f r e e l y - a v a i l a b l e o b s e r v a t i o n s . B e c a u s e t h e r a w o b s e r v a t i o n d a t a f i l e s h a v e m a n y p o s s i b l e f o r m a t s , s u c h a s A S C I I , B U F R , P R E P B U F R , M A D I S , a n d H D F ,
t h e f r e e d a t a s i t e a l s o c o n t a i n s i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r c o n v e r t i n g t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s t o L I T T L E _ R f o r m a t . T o m a k e t h e W R F D A s y s t e m a s g e n e r a l a s p o s s i b l e , t h e L I T T L E _ R f o r m a t w a s a d o p t e d a s a n i n t e r m e d i a t e o b s e r v a t i o n d a t a f o r m a t f o r t h e W R F D A s y s t e m , h o w e v e r , t h e c o n v e r s i o n o f t h e u s e r - s p e c i f i c s o u r c e d a t a t o t h e L I T T L E _ R f o r m a t o b s e r v a t i o n d a t a f i l e i s t h e u s e r s t a s k . A m o r e c o m p l e t e d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e L I T T L E _ R f o r m a t a n d c o n v e n t i o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n d a t a s o u r c e s f o r W R F D A c a n b e f o u n d b y r e a d i n g t h
e t u t o r i a l f o u n d a t H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / T u t o r i a l s / 2 0 1 0 _ A u g / t u t o r i a l _ p r e s e n t a t i o n _ s u m m e r _ 2 0 1 0 . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / T u t o r i a l s / 2 0 1 0 _ A u g / t u t o r i a l _ p r e s e n t a t i o n _ s u m m e r _ 2 0 1 0 . h t m l .
+ T h e p u r p o s e s o f O B S P R O C a r e t o :
+ R e m o v e o b s e r v a t i o n s o u t s i d e t h e s p e c i f i e d t e m p o r a l a n d s p a t i a l d o m a i n s
+ R e - o r d e r a n d m e r g e d u p l i c a t e ( i n t i m e a n d l o c a t i o n ) d a t a r e p o r t s
+ R e t r i e v e p r e s s u r e o r h e i g h t b a s e d o n o b s e r v e d i n f o r m a t i o n u s i n g t h e h y d r o s t a t i c a s s u
m p t i o n
+ C h e c k m u l t i - l e v e l o b s e r v a t i o n s f o r v e r t i c a l c o n s i s t e n c y a n d s u p e r a d i a b a t s
+ A s s i g n o b s e r v a t i o n a l e r r o r s b a s e d o n a p r e - s p e c i f i e d e r r o r f i l e
+ W r i t e o u t t h e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e t o b e u s e d b y W R F D A i n A S C I I o r B U F R f o r m a t
+ T h e O B S P R O C p r o g r a m ( o b s p r o c . e x e ) s h o u l d b e f o u n d u n d e r t h e d i r e c t o r y $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / o b s p r o c / s r c i f c o m p i l e a l l _ w r f v a r c o m p l e t e d s u c c e s s f u l l y .
+ a . P r e p a r e o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a f o r 3 D - V a r
+ A s a n e x a m p l e , t o p r e p a r e t h e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e a t t h e a n a l y s i s t i m e ( 0 h f o r 3 D - V a r ) ,
a l l t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s i n t h e r a n g e 1 h w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d , w h i c h m e a n s t h a t t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s b e t w e e n 2 3 h a n d 1 h a r e t r e a t e d a s t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s a t 0 h . T h i s i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g f i g u r e :
+
+ B e f o r e r u n n i n g o b s p r o c . e x e , c r e a t e t h e r e q u i r e d n a m e l i s t f i l e n a m e l i s t . o b s p r o c ( s e e $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / o b s p r o c / R E A D M E . n a m e l i s t , o r t h e s e c t i o n H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ D e s c r i p t i o n _ o f _ N a m e l i s t _ 1 " D e s c r i p t i o n o f N a m e l i s t V a r i a b l e s f o r d e t a i l s .
+ F o r y o u r r e f e r e n c e , t h e e x a m p l e f i l e n a m e l i s t _ o b s p r o c . 3 d v a
r . w r f v a r - t u t h a s b e e n p r o v i d e d i n t h e v a r / o b s p r o c d i r e c t o r y . T h u s , p r o c e e d a s f o l l o w s .
+ > c d $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / o b s p r o c > c p n a m e l i s t . o b s p r o c . 3 d v a r . w r f v a r - t u t n a m e l i s t . o b s p r o c
+ N e x t , e d i t t h e n a m e l i s t f i l e , n a m e l i s t . o b s p r o c , t o a c c o m m o d a t e y o u r e x p e r i m e n t s . Y o u w i l l l i k e l y o n l y n e e d t o c h a n g e v a r i a b l e s l i s t e d u n d e r r e c o r d s 1 , 2 , 6 , 7 , a n d 8 . S e e t h e s e c t i o n H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ D e s c r i p t i o n _ o f _ N a m e l i s t _ 1 " D e s c r i p t i o n o f N a m e l i s t V a r i a b l e s f o r d e t a i l s ; y o u s h o u l d p a y s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n t o N
E S T I X a n d N E S T J X .
+ N o t e t h a t w h i l e t h e d a t a f o r t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e i s p r o v i d e d i n t h e o b s p r o c d i r e c t o r y , y o u r o w n d a t a m a y b e l o c a t e d e l s e w h e r e , s o l o n g a s i t s l o c a t i o n i s p r o p e r l y s p e c i f i e d i n t h e n a m e l i s t . o b s p r o c f i l e .
+ T o r u n O B S P R O C , t y p e
+ > o b s p r o c . e x e > & ! o b s p r o c . o u t
+ O n c e o b s p r o c . e x e h a s c o m p l e t e d s u c c e s s f u l l y , y o u w i l l s e e a n o b s e r v a t i o n d a t a f i l e , w i t h t h e n a m e f o r m a t t e d o b s _ g t s _ Y Y Y Y - M M - D D _ H H : N N : S S . 3 D V A R , i n t h e o b s p r o c d i r e c t o r y . F o r t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e , t h i s w i l l b e o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8
- 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 3 D V A R . T h i s i s t h e i n p u t o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e t o W R F D A . I t i s a n A S C I I f i l e t h a t c o n t a i n s a h e a d e r s e c t i o n ( l i s t e d b e l o w ) f o l l o w e d b y o b s e r v a t i o n s . T h e m e a n i n g s a n d f o r m a t o f o b s e r v a t i o n s i n t h e f i l e a r e d e s c r i b e d i n t h e l a s t s i x l i n e s o f t h e h e a d e r s e c t i o n .
+ T O T A L = 9 0 6 6 , M I S S . = - 8 8 8 8 8 8 . ,
+ S Y N O P = 7 5 7 , M E T A R = 2 4 1 6 , S H I P = 1 4 5 , B U O Y = 2 5 0 , B O G U S = 0 , T E M P = 8 6 ,
+ A M D A R = 1 9 , A I R E P = 2 0 5 , T A M D A R = 0 , P I L O T = 8 5 , S A T E M = 1 0 6 , S A T O B = 2 5
5 6 ,
+ G P S P W = 1 8 7 , G P S Z D = 0 , G P S R F = 3 , G P S E P = 0 , S S M T 1 = 0 , S S M T 2 = 0 ,
+ T O V S = 0 , Q S C A T = 2 1 9 0 , P R O F L = 6 1 , A I R S R = 0 , O T H E R = 0 ,
+ P H I C = 4 0 . 0 0 , X L O N C = - 9 5 . 0 0 , T R U E 1 = 3 0 . 0 0 , T R U E 2 = 6 0 . 0 0 , X I M 1 1 = 1 . 0 0 , X J M 1 1 = 1 . 0 0 ,
+ b a s e _ t e m p = 2 9 0 . 0 0 , b a s e _ l a p s e = 5 0 . 0 0 , P T O P = 1 0 0 0 . , b a s e _ p r e s = 1 0 0 0 0 0 . , b a s e _ t r o p o _ p r e s = 2 0 0 0 0 . , b a s e _ s t r a t _ t e m p = 2 1 5 . ,
+ I X C = 6 0 , J X C = 9 0 , I P R O J = 1 , I D D = 1 , M A X N E S = 1 ,
+ N E S T I X =
6 0 ,
+ N E S T J X = 9 0 ,
+ N U M C = 1 ,
+ D I S = 6 0 . 0 0 ,
+ N E S T I = 1 ,
+ N E S T J = 1 ,
+ I N F O = P L A T F O R M , D A T E , N A M E , L E V E L S , L A T I T U D E , L O N G I T U D E , E L E V A T I O N , I D .
+ S R F C = S L P , P W ( D A T A , Q C , E R R O R ) .
+ E A C H = P R E S , S P E E D , D I R , H E I G H T , T E M P , D E W P T , H U M I D ( D A T A , Q C , E R R O R ) * L E V E L S .
+ I N F O _ F M T = ( A 1 2 , 1 X , A 1 9 , 1 X , A 4 0 , 1 X , I 6 , 3 ( F 1 2 . 3 , 1 1 X ) , 6 X , A 4 0 )
+ S R F C _ F M T = ( F 1 2 . 3 , I 4 , F 7 . 2 , F 1 2 . 3 , I 4 , F 7 . 3 )
+ E A C H _ F M T = ( 3 ( F 1 2 . 3 , I 4 , F 7 . 2 ) , 1 1 X , 3 ( F 1 2 . 3 , I 4 , F 7 . 2 ) , 1 1 X , 3 ( F 1 2 . 3 , I 4 , F 7 . 2 ) )
+ # - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #
+ & & o b s e r v a t i o n s & & &
+ B e f o r e r u n n i n g W R F D A , y o u m a y f i n d i t u s e f u l t o l e a r n m o r e a b o u t v a r i o u s t y p e s o f d a t a t h a t w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d t o W R F D A ( e . g . , t h e i r g e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n ) . T h i s f i l e i s i n A S C I I f o r m a t a n d s o y o u c a n e a s i l y v i e w i t . F o r a g r a p h i c a l v i e w o f t h e f i l e ' s c o n t e n t , u s e t h e M A P _ p l o t u t i l i t y t o s e e t h e d a t a d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r e a c h t y p e o f o b s e r v a t i o n . T o u s e t h i s u t i l i t y , p r o c e e d t o t h e M A P _ p l o t d i r e c t o r y , t h e n c o m p i l e b y
t y p i n g m a k e .
+ I f t h e b u i l d f a i l s , i t i s l i k e l y d u e t o a n i m p r o p e r c o n f i g u r a t i o n f i l e . B y v i e w i n g t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h e M A P _ p l o t d i r e c t o r y , y o u w i l l s e e w e h a v e p r e p a r e d s o m e c o n f i g u r e . u s e r . i b m / O S f i l e s ( w h e r e O S i s t h e t y p e o f o p e r a t i n g s y s t e m ) f o r s o m e p l a t f o r m s . W h e n m a k e i s t y p e d , t h e M a k e f i l e u s e s o n e o f t h e m t o d e t e r m i n e t h e c o m p i l e r a n d c o m p i l e r o p t i o n . M o d i f y t h e M a k e f i l e a n d c o n f i g u r e . u s e r . x x x t o a c c o m m o d a t e t h e c o m p l i e r o n y o u r p l a t f o r m , t h e n t y p e m a k e t o a t t e m p t t h e c o m p i l a t i
o n a g a i n . S u c c e s s f u l c o m p i l a t i o n w i l l p r o d u c e M a p . e x e . T h e f o l l o w i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s a r e f o r t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e , b u t c a n e a s i l y b e c o n f i g u r e d f o r y o u r o w n d a t a b y c h a n g i n g t h e a p p r o p r i a t e d a t e s a n d f i l e n a m e s .
+ N o t e : T h e s u c c e s s f u l c o m p i l a t i o n o f M a p . e x e r e q u i r e s p r e - i n s t a l l e d N C A R G G r a p h i c s l i b r a r i e s u n d e r $ ( N C A R G _ R O O T ) / l i b .
+ M o d i f y t h e s c r i p t M a p . c s h t o s e t t h e t i m e w i n d o w a n d f u l l p a t h o f t h e i n p u t o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e ( o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 3 D V A R ) . Y o u w i l l n e e d t o s e t t h e f o l l o w i n g s t r i n g
s i n t h i s s c r i p t a s f o l l o w s :
+ M a p _ p l o t = $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / o b s p r o c / M A P _ p l o t
+ T I M E _ W I N D O W _ M I N = 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 1
+ T I M E _ A N A L Y S I S = 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2
+ T I M E _ W I N D O W _ M A X = 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 3 O B S D A T A = . . / o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 3 D V A R
+ N e x t , t y p e M a p . c s h t o r u n t h e s c r i p t
+ W h e n t h e j o b h a s c o m p l e t e d , y o u w i l l h a v e a g m e t a f i l e , g m e t a . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 . T h i s c o n t a i n s p l o t s o f d a t a d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r e a c h t y p e o f o b s e r v a t i o n c o n t a i n e d i n t h e O B S d a t a f i l e : o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 3 D V A R . T o v i e w t h i s , t y p e
+
> i d t g m e t a . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2
+ I t w i l l d i s p l a y a p a n e l - b y - p a n e l g e o g r a p h i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f v a r i o u s t y p e s o f d a t a . T h e f o l l o w i n g g r a p h i c s h o w s t h e g e o g r a p h i c d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s o n d e o b s e r v a t i o n s f o r t h i s c a s e .
+
+ A n a l t e r n a t i v e w a y t o p l o t t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s i s t o u s e a n N C L s c r i p t ( f o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n o n N C L , t h e N C A R C o m m a n d L a n g u a g e , s e e H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c l . u c a r . e d u / " h t t p : / / w w w . n c l . u c a r . e d u / ) . I n t h e W R F D A T o o l s p a c k a g e ( c a n b e d o w n l o a d e d a t H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r
. e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t o o l s . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t o o l s . h t m l ) , t h i s s c r i p t i s l o c a t e d a t $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l / p l o t _ o b _ a s c i i _ l o c . n c l . W i t h t h i s m e t h o d , h o w e v e r , y o u n e e d t o p r o v i d e t h e f i r s t g u e s s f i l e t o t h e N C L s c r i p t , a n d h a v e N C L i n s t a l l e d i n y o u r s y s t e m .
+ b . P r e p a r e o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a f o r 4 D - V a r
+ T o p r e p a r e t h e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e , f o r e x a m p l e , a t t h e a n a l y s i s t i m e 0 h f o r 4 D - V a r , a l l o b s e r v a t i o n s f r o m 0 h t o 6 h w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d a n d g r o u
p e d i n 7 s u b - w i n d o w s ( s l o t 1 t h r o u g h s l o t 7 ) a s i l l u s t r a t e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g f i g u r e :
+
+ N O T E : T h e A n a l y s i s t i m e i n t h e a b o v e f i g u r e i s n o t t h e a c t u a l a n a l y s i s t i m e ( 0 h ) . I t i n d i c a t e s t h e t i m e _ a n a l y s i s s e t t i n g i n t h e n a m e l i s t f i l e a n d i s s e t t o t h r e e h o u r s l a t e r t h a n t h e a c t u a l a n a l y s i s t i m e . T h e a c t u a l a n a l y s i s t i m e i s s t i l l 0 h .
+ A n e x a m p l e f i l e ( n a m e l i s t _ o b s p r o c . 4 d v a r . w r f v a r - t u t ) h a s a l r e a d y b e e n p r o v i d e d i n t h e v a r / o b s p r o c d i r e c t o r y . T h u s , p r o c e e d a s f o l l o w s :
+ > c d $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / o b s p r o c
> c p n a m e l i s t . o b s p r o c . 4 d v a r . w r f v a r - t u t n a m e l i s t . o b s p r o c
+ I n t h e n a m e l i s t f i l e , y o u n e e d t o c h a n g e t h e f o l l o w i n g v a r i a b l e s t o a c c o m m o d a t e y o u r e x p e r i m e n t s . I n t h i s t u t o r i a l c a s e , t h e a c t u a l a n a l y s i s t i m e i s 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 , b u t i n t h e n a m e l i s t , t h e t i m e _ a n a l y s i s s h o u l d b e s e t t o 3 h o u r s l a t e r . T h e d i f f e r e n t v a l u e s o f t i m e _ a n a l y s i s , n u m _ s l o t s _ p a s t , a n d t i m e _ s l o t s _ a h e a d c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e a c t u a l t i m e s a n a l y z e d . F o r e x a m p l e , i f y o u s e t t i m e _ a n a l y s i s = 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 6 : 0 0 : 0 0 , a n d s e t t h e n u m _
s l o t s _ p a s t = 4 a n d t i m e _ s l o t s _ a h e a d = 2 , t h e f i n a l r e s u l t s w i l l b e t h e s a m e a s b e f o r e .
+ E d i t a l l t h e d o m a i n s e t t i n g s a c c o r d i n g t o y o u r o w n e x p e r i m e n t . Y o u s h o u l d p a y s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n t o N E S T I X a n d N E S T J X , w h i c h i s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e s e c t i o n H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ D e s c r i p t i o n _ o f _ N a m e l i s t _ 1 " D e s c r i p t i o n o f N a m e l i s t V a r i a b l e s f o r d e t a i l s .
+ T o r u n O B S P R O C , t y p e
+ > o b s p r o c . e x e > & ! o b s p r o c . o u t
+ O n c e o b s p r o c . e x e h a s c o m p l e t e d s u c c e s s f u l l y , y o u w i l l s e e 7 o b s e r v a t i o n d a t a f i l e s , w h i c h f o r t h e t u t
o r i a l c a s e a r e n a m e d
+
+ o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 4 D V A R
+ o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 3 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 4 D V A R
+ o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 4 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 4 D V A R
+ o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 5 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 4 D V A R
+ o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 6 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 4 D V A R
+ o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 7 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 4 D V A R
+ o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 8 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 4 D V A R
+ T h e y a r e t h e i n p u t o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e s t o W R F 4 D - V a r . A s w i t h 3 D - V a r , y o u c a n u s e M A P _ P l o t t o v i e w t h e g e o g r a p h i c d i s t r i b u t i o n o f d i f f e r e n t o b s e r v a t i o n s a t d i f f e r e n t t i m e s l o t s .
+
+ R u n n i n g W R F D A
+ a . D o w n l o a d T e s t D a t a
+ T h e W R F D A s y s
t e m r e q u i r e s t h r e e i n p u t f i l e s t o r u n :
+ a ) W R F f i r s t g u e s s a n d b o u n d a r y i n p u t f i l e s o u t p u t f r o m e i t h e r W P S / r e a l ( c o l d - s t a r t ) o r W R F f o r e c a s t ( w a r m - s t a r t )
+ b ) O b s e r v a t i o n s ( i n A S C I I f o r m a t , P R E P B U F R o r B U F R f o r r a d i a n c e )
+ c ) A b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f i l e ( c o n t a i n i n g b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e )
+ T h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e s u m m a r i z e s t h e a b o v e i n f o :
+ I n p u t D a t a F o r m a t C r e a t e d B y F i r s t G u e s s
+ N E T C D F W R F P r e p r o c e s s i n g S y s t e m ( W P S ) a n d r e a l . e x e
+ o r W R F O b s e r v a t i o n s A S C I I
+ ( P R E P B U F R a l s o p o s s i b l e )
H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ R u n n i n g _ O b s e r v a t i o n _ P r e p r o c e s s o r " O b s e r v a t i o n P r e p r o c e s s o r ( O B S P R O C ) B a c k g r o u n d E r r o r S t a t i s t i c s B i n a r y H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ R u n n i n g _ g e n _ b e " W R F D A g e n _ b e u t i l i t y
+ / D e f a u l t C V 3 I n t h e t e s t c a s e , y o u w i l l s t o r e d a t a i n a d i r e c t o r y d e f i n e d b y t h e e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e $ D A T _ D I R . T h i s d i r e c t o r y c a n b e i n a n y l o c a t i o n , a n d i t s h o u l d h a v e r e a d a c c e s s . T y p e
+ > s e t e n v D A T _ D I R y o u r _ c h o i c e _ o f _ d a t _ d i r
+ H e r e , y o u r _ c h o i c e _ o f _ d a t _ d i r i s t h e d i r e c t o r y w h e r e t h e W R F D A i n p u t d
a t a i s s t o r e d . I f i t d o e s n o t e x i s t , c r e a t e t h i s d i r e c t o r y b y t y p i n g
+ > m k d i r $ D A T _ D I R
+ D o w n l o a d t h e t e s t d a t a f o r a t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e , v a l i d a t 1 2 U T C 5 t h F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 8 , f r o m H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l
+ O n c e y o u h a v e d o w n l o a d e d t h e W R F D A V 3 . 4 - t e s t d a t a . t a r . g z f i l e t o $ D A T _ D I R , e x t r a c t i t b y t y p i n g
+ > g u n z i p W R F D A V 3 . 4 - t e s t d a t a . t a r . g z > t a r - x v f W R F D A V 3 . 4 - t e s t d a t a . t a r
+ N o w y o u s h o u l d f i n d t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r f i l e s u n d e r $ D A T _ D I R
+ o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / o b . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 # O b s e r v a t i o n d a t a i n l i t t l e _ r f o r m a t r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 # F i r s t g u e s s f i l e r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f b d y _ d 0 1 # l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y f i l e b e / b e . d a t # B a c k g r o u n d e r r o r f i l e
+ . . . . . .
+ A t t h i s p o i n t y o u s h o u l d h a v e t h r e e o f t h e i n p u t f i l e s ( f i r s t g u e s s , o b s e r v a t i o n s f r o m O B S P R O C , a n d b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f i l e s i n t h e d i r e c t o r y $ D A T _ D I R ) r e q u i r e d t o r u n W R F D A , a n d h a v e s u c
c e s s f u l l y d o w n l o a d e d a n d c o m p i l e d t h e W R F D A c o d e . I f t h i s i s c o r r e c t , y o u a r e r e a d y t o l e a r n h o w t o r u n W R F D A .
+ b . R u n t h e C a s e 3 D - V a r
+ T h e d a t a f o r t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e i s v a l i d a t 1 2 U T C 5 F e b r u a r y 2 0 0 8 . T h e f i r s t g u e s s c o m e s f r o m t h e N C E P F N L ( F i n a l ) O p e r a t i o n a l G l o b a l A n a l y s i s d a t a , p a s s e d t h r o u g h t h e W R F - W P S a n d r e a l p r o g r a m s .
+ T o r u n W R F 3 D - V a r , f i r s t c r e a t e a n d e n t e r i n t o a w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y ( f o r e x a m p l e , $ W R F D A _ D I R / w o r k d i r ) , a n d s e t t h e e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e W O R K _ D I R t o t h i s d i r e c t o r y (
e . g . , s e t e n v W O R K _ D I R $ W R F D A _ D I R / w o r k d i r ) . T h e n f o l l o w t h e s t e p s b e l o w :
+ > c d $ W O R K _ D I R
+ > c p $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / t e s t / t u t o r i a l / n a m e l i s t . i n p u t .
+ > l n - s f $ W R F D A _ D I R / r u n / L A N D U S E . T B L .
+ > l n - s f $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 . / f g
+ > l n - s f $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / o b s p r o c / o b s _ g t s _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 3 D V A R . / o b . a s c i i ( n o t e t h e d i f f e r e n t n a m e ! )
+ > l n - s f $ D A T _ D I R / b e / b e . d a t .
+ > l n - s f $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / d a / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e .
+
+ N o w e d i t t h e f i l e n a m e l i s t . i n p u t , w h i c h i s a v e r y b a s i c n a m e l i s t f o r t h e t
u t o r i a l t e s t c a s e , a n d i s s h o w n b e l o w .
+ & w r f v a r 1
+ v a r 4 d = f a l s e ,
+ p r i n t _ d e t a i l _ g r a d = f a l s e ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 2
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 3
+ o b _ f o r m a t = 2 ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 4
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 5
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 6
+ m a x _ e x t _ i t s = 1 ,
+ n t m a x = 5 0 ,
+ o r t h o n o r m _ g r a d i e n t = t r u e ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 7
+ c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 8
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 9
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 0
+ t e s t _ t r a n s f o r m s = f a l s e ,
+ t e s t _ g r a d i e n t = f a l s e ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 1
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 2
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 3
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 4
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 5
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 6
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 7
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 8
+ a n a l y s i s _ d a t e = " 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 :
0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 9
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 2 0
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 2 1
+ t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m i n = " 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 1 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 2 2
+ t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m a x = " 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 3 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 2 3
+ /
+ & t i m e _ c o n t r o l
+ s t a r t _ y e a r = 2 0 0 8 ,
+ s t a r t _ m o n t h = 0 2 ,
+ s t a r t _ d a y = 0 5 ,
+ s t a r t _ h o u r = 1 2 ,
+ e n d _ y e a r = 2 0 0 8 ,
+ e n d _ m o n t h = 0 2 ,
+ e n d _ d a y = 0 5 ,
+ e n d _ h o u r = 1 2 ,
+ /
+ & f d d a
+ /
+ & d o m a i n s
+ e _ w e = 9 0 ,
+ e _ s n = 6 0 ,
+ e _ v e r t = 4 1 ,
+ d x = 6 0 0 0 0 ,
+ d y = 6 0 0 0 0 ,
+ /
+ & d f i _ c o n t r o l
+ /
+ & t c
+ /
+ & p h y s i c s
+ m p _ p h y s i c s = 3 ,
+ r a _ l w _ p h y s i c s = 1 ,
+ r a _ s w _ p h y s i c s = 1 ,
+ r a d t = 6 0 ,
+ s f _ s f c l a y _ p h y s i c s = 1 ,
+ s f _ s u r f a c e _ p h y s i c s = 1 ,
+ b l _ p b l _ p h y s i c s = 1 ,
+ c u _ p h y s i c s = 1 ,
+ c u d t = 5 ,
+ n u m _ s o i l _ l a y e r s = 5 ,
+ m p _ z e r o _ o u t = 2 ,
+ c o 2 t f = 0 ,
+ /
+ & s c m
+ /
+ & d y n a m i c s
+ /
+ & b d y _ c o n t r o l
+ /
+ & g r i b 2
+ /
+ & f i r e
+ /
+ & n a m e l i s t _ q u i l t
+ /
+ & p e r t u r b a t i o n
+ /
+
+ N o e d i t s s h o u l d b e n e e d e d i f y o u a r e r u n n i n g t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e w i t h o u t r a d i a n c e d a t a . I f y o u p l a n t o u s e t h e P R E P B U F R f o r m a t d a t a , c h a n g e t h e o b _ f o r m a t = 1 i n & w r f v a r 3 i n n a m e l i s t . i n p u t a n d l i n k t h e d a t a a s o b . b u f r ,
+
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0
0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / g d s 1 . t 1 2 . p r e p b u f r . n r o b . b u f r
+
+ P l e a s e n o t e : A l t h o u g h W R F D A d o e s n o t i n c l u d e a n y p h y s i c s p a c k a g e s l i s t e d i n & p h y s i c s , u s e r s s t i l l h a v e t o k e e p t h e n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s i n & p h y s i c s t h e s a m e a s w h i c h i n y o u r f i r s t g u e s s ( u s e n c d u m p h f g t o g e t t h e p h y s i c s o p t i o n s t h e f i r s t g u e s s u s e s ) , a s t h e W R F D A I / O u t i l i t y d e c i d e s w h i c h 4 D v a r i a b l e s w i l l b e o u t p u t b a s e d o n t h e p h y s i c s o p t i o n s .
+ O n c e y o u h a v e c h a n g e d a n y o t h e r n e c e s s a r y n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s , r u n W R F D A 3 D - V a r :
+ > d a _ w r f v a r . e x e > &
amp; ! w r f d a . l o g
+ T h e f i l e w r f d a . l o g ( o r r s l . o u t . 0 0 0 0 , i f r u n i n d i s t r i b u t e d - m e m o r y m o d e ) c o n t a i n s i m p o r t a n t W R F D A r u n t i m e l o g i n f o r m a t i o n . A l w a y s c h e c k t h e l o g a f t e r a W R F D A r u n :
+ * * * V A R I A T I O N A L A N A L Y S I S * * *
+ D Y N A M I C S O P T I O N : E u l e r i a n M a s s C o o r d i n a t e
+ a l l o c _ s p a c e _ f i e l d : d o m a i n 1 , 6 0 6 3 0 9 8 1 6 b y t e s a l l o c a t
+ e d
+ W R F T I L E 1 I S 1 I E 8 9 J S 1 J E 5 9
+ W R F N U M B E R O F T I L E S = 1
+ S e t u p o b s e r v a t i o n s ( o b )
+
+ U s i n g A S C I I f o r m a t o b s e r v a t i o n i n p u t
+
+ s c a n
o b s a s c i i
+ e n d s c a n o b s a s c i i
+ O b s e r v a t i o n s u m m a r y
+ o b t i m e 1
+ s o u n d 8 6 g l o b a l , 8 6 l o c a l
+ s y n o p 7 5 7 g l o b a l , 7 5 0 l o c a l
+ p i l o t 8 5 g l o b a l , 8 5 l o c a l
+ s a t e m 1 0 6 g l o b a l , 1 0 5 l o c a l
+ g e o a m v 2 5 5 6 g l o b a l , 2 4 9 9 l o c a l
+ p o l a r a m v 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ a i r e p 2 2 4 g l o b a l , 2 2 1 l o c a l
+ g p s p w 1 8 7 g l o b a l , 1 8 7 l o c a l
+
g p s r f 3 g l o b a l , 3 l o c a l
+ m e t a r 2 4 1 6 g l o b a l , 2 4 0 8 l o c a l
+ s h i p s 1 4 5 g l o b a l , 1 4 0 l o c a l
+ s s m i _ r v 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ s s m i _ t b 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ s s m t 1 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ s s m t 2 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ q s c a t 2 1 9 0 g l o b a l , 2 1 2 6 l o c a l
+ p r o f i l e r 6 1 g l o b a l , 6 1 l o c a l
+ b u o y
2 4 7 g l o b a l , 2 4 7 l o c a l
+ b o g u s 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ p s e u d o 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ r a d a r 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ r a d i a n c e 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ a i r s r e t r i e v a l 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ s o n d e _ s f c 8 6 g l o b a l , 8 6 l o c a l
+ m t g i r s 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+ t a m d a r 0 g l o b a l , 0 l o c a l
+
+ S e t u p b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r
s f o r r e g i o n a l a p p l i c a t i o n f o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5
+
+ U s i n g t h e a v e r a g e d r e g r e s s i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s f o r u n b a l a n c e d p a r t
+
+ W R F - V a r d r y c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e s a r e : p s i , c h i _ u , t _ u a n d p s _ u
+ H u m i d i t y c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e i s r h
+
+ V e r t i c a l t r u n c a t i o n f o r p s i = 1 5 ( 9 9 . 0 0 % )
+
+ V e r t i c a l t r u n c a t i o n f o r c h i _ u = 2 0 ( 9 9 . 0 0 % )
+
+ V e r t i c a l t r u n c a t i o n f o r t _ u = 2 9 ( 9 9 . 0 0 % )
+
+ V e r t i c a l t r u n c a t i o n f o r r h = 2 2 ( 9 9 . 0 0 % )
+
+
+ S c a l i n g : v a r , l e n , d s : 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 6 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 5
+ S c a l i n g : v a r , l e n , d s : 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 6 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 5
+ S c a l i n g : v a r , l e n , d s : 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 6 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 5
+ S c a l i n g : v a r , l e n , d s : 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 6 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 5
+ S c a l i n g : v a r , l e n , d s : 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 6 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 5
+ C a l c u l a t e i n n o v a t i o n v e c t o r ( i v )
+
+ M i n i m i z e c o s t f u n c t i o n u s i n g C G m e t h o d
+
+ S t a r t i n g o u t e r i t e r a t i o n : 1
+ S t a r t i n g c o s t f u n c t i o n : 2 . 5 3 2 1 4 8 8 8 D + 0 4 , G r a d i e n t = 2 . 9 0 6 7 5 5 4 5 D + 0 2
+ F o r t h i s o u t e r i t e r a t i o n g r a d
i e n t t a r g e t i s : 2 . 9 0 6 7 5 5 4 5 D + 0 0
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+ I t e r C o s t F u n c t i o n G r a d i e n t S t e p
+ 1 2 . 3 2 4 9 8 0 3 7 D + 0 4 2 . 5 5 5 7 1 1 8 8 D + 0 2 4 . 9 0 3 8 4 5 1 6 D - 0 2
+ 2 2 . 1 4 9 8 8 1 4 4 D + 0 4 2 . 2 2 3 5 4 2 0 3 D + 0 2 5 . 3 6 1 5 4 1 8 6 D - 0 2
+ 3 2 . 0 1 3 8 9 0 8 8 D + 0 4 1 . 6 2 5 3 7 9 0 7 D + 0 2 5 . 5 0 1 0 8 1 2 3 D - 0 2
+ 4 1 . 9 3 4 3 3 8 2 7 D + 0 4 1 . 2 6 9 8 4 5 6 7 D + 0 2 6 . 0 2 2 4 7 6 8 7 D - 0 2
+ 5 1 . 8 8 8 7 7 1 9 4 D + 0 4 9 . 8 4 5 6 5 8 7 4 D + 0 1 5 . 6 5 1 6 0 9 5 1 D - 0 2
+ 6 1 . 8 6 2 9 7 7
7 7 D + 0 4 7 . 4 9 0 7 1 3 6 1 D + 0 1 5 . 3 2 1 8 4 1 4 6 D - 0 2
+ 7 1 . 8 4 8 8 6 7 5 5 D + 0 4 5 . 4 1 5 1 6 4 2 1 D + 0 1 5 . 0 2 9 4 1 3 6 3 D - 0 2
+ 8 1 . 8 4 1 1 8 4 6 2 D + 0 4 4 . 6 8 3 2 9 3 1 2 D + 0 1 5 . 2 4 0 0 3 0 7 1 D - 0 2
+ 9 1 . 8 3 4 8 5 1 6 6 D + 0 4 3 . 5 3 5 9 5 5 3 7 D + 0 1 5 . 7 7 4 7 6 3 3 5 D - 0 2
+ 1 0 1 . 8 3 1 9 1 2 7 8 D + 0 4 2 . 6 4 9 4 7 0 7 0 D + 0 1 4 . 7 0 1 0 9 0 4 0 D - 0 2
+ 1 1 1 . 8 2 9 8 4 2 2 1 D + 0 4 2 . 0 6 9 9 6 2 7 1 D + 0 1 5 . 8 9 9 3 0 2 0 6 D - 0 2
+ 1 2 1 . 8 2 8 7 5 6 9 3 D + 0 4 1 . 5 6 4 2 6 5 2 7 D + 0 1 5 . 0 6 5 7 8 4 4 7 D - 0 2
+ 1 3 1 . 8 2 8 0 7 2 2 4 D + 0 4 1 . 1 5 8 9 2 1 5 3 D + 0 1 5 . 5 9 6 3 1 9 9 7 D
- 0 2
+ 1 4 1 . 8 2 7 7 3 3 3 9 D + 0 4 8 . 7 4 7 7 8 5 1 4 D + 0 0 5 . 0 4 5 8 2 9 5 9 D - 0 2
+ 1 5 1 . 8 2 7 5 1 6 6 3 D + 0 4 7 . 2 2 1 5 0 2 5 7 D + 0 0 5 . 6 6 5 2 1 6 7 5 D - 0 2
+ 1 6 1 . 8 2 7 3 6 2 8 4 D + 0 4 4 . 8 1 3 7 4 8 6 8 D + 0 0 5 . 8 9 7 8 6 4 0 0 D - 0 2
+ 1 7 1 . 8 2 7 2 8 6 3 6 D + 0 4 3 . 8 2 2 8 6 8 7 1 D + 0 0 6 . 6 0 1 0 4 3 8 4 D - 0 2
+ 1 8 1 . 8 2 7 2 4 3 0 6 D + 0 4 3 . 1 6 7 3 7 5 1 7 D + 0 0 5 . 9 2 5 2 6 4 8 0 D - 0 2
+ 1 9 1 . 8 2 7 2 1 7 3 5 D + 0 4 2 . 2 3 3 9 2 2 8 3 D + 0 0 5 . 1 2 6 0 4 4 3 8 D - 0 2
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+ I n n e r i t e r a t i o n s t o p p e d a f t e r 1 9 i t e r a t
i o n s
+
+ F i n a l : 1 9 i t e r , J = 1 . 9 8 1 8 7 3 9 9 D + 0 4 , g = 2 . 2 3 3 9 2 2 8 3 D + 0 0
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+ D i a g n o s t i c s
+ F i n a l c o s t f u n c t i o n J = 1 9 8 1 8 . 7 4
+
+ T o t a l n u m b e r o f o b s . = 3 9 8 0 0
+ F i n a l v a l u e o f J = 1 9 8 1 8 . 7 3 9 8 8
+ F i n a l v a l u e o f J o = 1 6 8 5 9 . 8 5 8 6 1
+ F i n a l v a l u e o f J b = 2 9 5 8 . 8 8 1 2 7
+ F i n a l v a l u e o f J c = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ F i n a l v a l u e o f J e = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ F i n a l v a l u e o f
J p = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ F i n a l v a l u e o f J l = 0 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ F i n a l J / t o t a l n u m _ o b s = 0 . 4 9 7 9 6
+ J b f a c t o r u s e d ( 1 ) = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ J b f a c t o r u s e d ( 2 ) = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ J b f a c t o r u s e d ( 3 ) = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ J b f a c t o r u s e d ( 4 ) = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ J b f a c t o r u s e d ( 5 ) = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+
1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ J b f a c t o r u s e d = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ J e f a c t o r u s e d = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+ V a r B C f a c t o r u s e d = 1 . 0 0 0 0 0
+
+ * * * W R F - V a r c o m p l e t e d s u c c e s s f u l l y * * *
+ T h e f i l e n a m e l i s t . o u t p u t ( w h i c h c o n t a i n s t h e c o m p l e t e n a m e l i s t s e t t i n g s ) w i l l b e g e n e r a t e d a f t e r a s u c c e s s f u l r u n o f d a _ w r f v a r . e x e . T h e s e t t i n g s a p p e a r i n g i n n a m e l i s t . o u t p u t , b u t n o t s p e c i f i e d i n y o u r n a m e l i s t . i n p u t , a r e t h e d e f a
u l t v a l u e s f r o m $ W R F D A _ D I R / R e g i s t r y / R e g i s t r y . w r f v a r .
+ A f t e r s u c c e s s f u l c o m p l e t i o n , w r f v a r _ o u t p u t ( t h e W R F D A a n a l y s i s f i l e , i . e . t h e n e w i n i t i a l c o n d i t i o n f o r W R F ) s h o u l d a p p e a r i n t h e w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y a l o n g w i t h a n u m b e r o f d i a g n o s t i c f i l e s . V a r i o u s t e x t d i a g n o s t i c s o u t p u t f i l e s w i l l b e e x p l a i n e d i n t h e n e x t s e c t i o n ( H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ W R F - V a r _ D i a g n o s t i c s _ 1 " W R F D A D i a g n o s t i c s ) .
+ T o u n d e r s t a n d t h e r o l e o f v a r i o u s i m p o r t a n t W R F D A o p t i o n s , t r y r e - r u n n i n g W R F D A b y c h a n g i n g d i f f e r e n t n a m e
l i s t o p t i o n s . F o r e x a m p l e , t r y m a k i n g t h e W R F D A c o n v e r g e n c e c r i t e r i o n m o r e s t r i n g e n t . T h i s i s a c h i e v e d b y r e d u c i n g t h e v a l u e o f E P S t o e . g . 0 . 0 0 0 1 b y a d d i n g " E P S = 0 . 0 0 0 1 " i n t h e n a m e l i s t . i n p u t r e c o r d & w r f v a r 6 . S e e t h e s e c t i o n ( H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ A d d i t i o n a l _ W R F D A _ E x e r c i s e s : _ 1 " W R F D A a d d i t i o n a l e x e r c i s e s ) f o r m o r e n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s .
+ c . R u n t h e C a s e 4 D - V a r
+ T o r u n W R F 4 D - V a r , f i r s t c r e a t e a n d e n t e r a w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y , s u c h a s $ W R F D A _ D I R / w o r k d i r . S e t t h e W O R K _ D I R e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i
a b l e ( e . g . s e t e n v W O R K _ D I R $ W R F D A _ D I R / w o r k d i r )
+ F o r t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e , t h e a n a l y s i s d a t e i s 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 a n d t h e t e s t d a t a d i r e c t o r i e s a r e :
+ > s e t e n v D A T _ D I R { d i r e c t o r y w h e r e d a t a i s s t o r e d }
+ > l s l r $ D A T _ D I R
+ o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2
+ o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 3
+ o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 4
+ o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 5
+ o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 6
+ o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 7
+ o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8
+ r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2
+ b e
+ N o t e : W R F D A 4 D - V a r i s a b l e t o a s s i m i l a t e c o n v e n t i o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a , s a t e l l i t e r a d i a n c e B U F R d a t a , r a d a r d a t a , a n d p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a . T h e i n p u t d a t a f o r m a t c a
n b e P R E P B U F R f o r m a t d a t a o r o b s e r v a t i o n d a t a , p r o c e s s e d b y O B S P R O C .
+ N o w f o l l o w t h e s t e p s b e l o w :
+ 1 ) L i n k t h e e x e c u t a b l e s .
+ > c d $ W O R K _ D I R
+ > l n - f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / d a / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e .
+ 2 ) L i n k t h e o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a , f i r s t g u e s s , B E a n d L A N D U S E . T B L , e t c .
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / o b . a s c i i + o b 0 1 . a s c i i
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 3 / o b . a s c i i o b 0 2 . a s c i i
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 4 / o b . a s c i i o b 0 3 . a s c i i
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 5 / o b . a s c i i o b 0 4 . a s c i i
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I
R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 6 / o b . a s c i i o b 0 5 . a s c i i
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 7 / o b . a s c i i o b 0 6 . a s c i i
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 / o b . a s c i i - o b 0 7 . a s c i i
+
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 .
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f b d y _ d 0 1 .
+ > l n - f s w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 f g
+
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / b e / b e . d a t .
+ > l n - f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / r u n / L A N D U S E . T B L .
+ > l n - f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / r u n / G E N P A R M . T B L .
+ > l n - f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / r u n / S O I L P A R M . T B L .
+ > l n - f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / r u n / V E G P A R M . T B L .
+ > l n f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / r u n / R R T
M _ D A T A _ D B L R R T M _ D A T A
+ 3 ) C o p y t h e s a m p l e n a m e l i s t
+ > c p $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / t e s t / 4 d v a r / n a m e l i s t . i n p u t .
+ 4 ) E d i t n e c e s s a r y n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s , l i n k o p t i o n a l f i l e s
+ S t a r t i n g w i t h V 3 . 4 , W R F D A 4 D - V a r h a s t h e c a p a b i l i t y t o c o n s i d e r l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s a s c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e s a s w e l l d u r i n g m i n i m i z a t i o n . T h e n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e v a r 4 d _ l b c = t r u e t u r n s o n t h i s c a p a b i l i t y . T o e n a b l e t h i s o p t i o n , W R F 4 D - V a r n e e d s n o t o n l y t h e f i r s t g u e s s a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e t i m e w i n d o w , b u t a l s o t h e f i r s t g u e s s a t t
h e e n d o f t h e t i m e w i n d o w .
+
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 / w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 f g 0 2
+
+ P l e a s e n o t e : F o r W R F D A b e g i n n e r , p l e a s e d o n t u s e t h i s o p t i o n b e f o r e y o u h a v e a g o o d u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e 4 D - V a r l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s c o n t r o l . T o d i s a b l e t h i s f e a t u r e , m a k e s u r e v a r 4 d _ l b c i n n a m e l i s t . i n p u t i s s e t t o f a l s e .
+
+ I f y o u u s e P R E P B U F R f o r m a t d a t a , s e t o b _ f o r m a t = 1 i n & w r f v a r 3 i n n a m e l i s t . i n p u t . B e c a u s e 1 2 U T C P R E P B U F R d a t a o n l y i n c l u d e s t h e d a t a f r o m 9 U T C t o 1 5 U T C , f o r 4 D - V a r y o u s h o u l d i n c l u
d e 1 8 U T C P R E P B U F R d a t a a s w e l l :
+
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / g d s 1 . t 1 2 . p r e p b u f r . n r o b 0 1 . b u f r
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 / g d s 1 . t 1 8 . p r e p b u f r . n r o b 0 2 . b u f r
+
+ N o t e : N C E P B U F R f i l e s d o w n l o a d e d f r o m N C E P s p u b l i c f t p s e r v e r ( f t p : / / f t p . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / p u b / d a t a / n c c f / c o m / g f s / p r o d / g d a s . $ { y y y y m m d d h h } ) a r e F o r t r a n - b l o c k e d o n a b i g - e n d i a n m a c h i n e a n d c a n b e d i r e c t l y u s e d o n b i g - e n d i a n m a c h i n e s ( f o r e x a m p l e , I B M ) . F o r m o s t L i n u x c l u s t e r s w i t h I n t e l p l a t f o r m s , u s e r s n e e d t o d o w n l o a d t h e b y t e - s w
a p p i n g c o d e s s r c . c ( H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . d t c e n t e r . o r g / c o m - G S I / u s e r s / s u p p o r t / f a q s / i n d e x . p h p " h t t p : / / w w w . d t c e n t e r . o r g / c o m - G S I / u s e r s / s u p p o r t / f a q s / i n d e x . p h p ) . T h e C c o d e s s r c . c i s l o c a t e d i n t h e / u t i l s d i r e c t o r y o f t h e G S I d i s t r i b u t i o n . T h i s c o d e w i l l c o n v e r t a p r e p b u f r f i l e g e n e r a t e d o n a n I B M p l a t f o r m t o a p r e p b u f r f i l e t h a t c a n b e r e a d o n a L i n u x o r I n t e l M a c p l a t f o r m . C o m p i l e s s r c . c w i t h a n y c c o m p i l e r ( e . g . , g c c - o s s r c . e x e s s r c . c ) . T o c o n v e r t a n I B M p r e p b u f r f i l e , t a k e t h e e x e c
u t a b l e ( e . g . s s r c . e x e ) , a n d r u n i t a s f o l l o w s :
+
+ s s r c . e x e < B i g E n d i a n p r e p b u f r f i l e > L i t t l e E n d i a n p r e p b u f r f i l e
+
+ E d i t $ W O R K _ D I R / n a m e l i s t . i n p u t t o m a t c h y o u r e x p e r i m e n t s e t t i n g s . T h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s r e l a t e d t o 4 D - V a r a r e l i s t e d b e l o w . P l e a s e r e f e r t o R E A D M E . n a m e l i s t u n d e r t h e $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r d i r e c t o r y . C o m m o n m i s t a k e s u s e r s m a k e a r e i n t h e t i m e i n f o r m a t i o n s e t t i n g s . T h e r u l e s a r e : a n a l y s i s _ d a t e , t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m i n a n d s t a r t _ x x x i n & t i m e _ c o n t r o l s h o u l d a l w a y s b e e q u a l t
o e a c h o t h e r ; t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m a x a n d e n d _ x x x s h o u l d a l w a y s b e e q u a l t o e a c h o t h e r ; a n d r u n _ h o u r s i s t h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n s t a r t _ x x x a n d e n d _ x x x , w h i c h i s t h e l e n g t h o f t h e 4 D - V a r t i m e w i n d o w .
+
+ & w r f v a r 1
+ v a r 4 d = t r u e ,
+ v a r 4 d _ l b c = f a l s e ,
+ v a r 4 d _ b i n = 3 6 0 0 ,
+ & & /
+ & &
+ & w r f v a r 1 8
+ a n a l y s i s _ d a t e = " 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " ,
+ /
+ & &
+ & w r f v a r 2 1
+ t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m i n = " 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " ,
+ /
+ & &
+ & w r f v a r 2 2
+ t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m a x = " 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 5 _ 1 8 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " ,
+ /
+ & &
+ & t i m e _ c o n t r
o l
+ r u n _ h o u r s = 6 ,
+ s t a r t _ y e a r = 2 0 0 8 ,
+ s t a r t _ m o n t h = 0 2 ,
+ s t a r t _ d a y = 0 5 ,
+ s t a r t _ h o u r = 1 2 ,
+ e n d _ y e a r = 2 0 0 8 ,
+ e n d _ m o n t h = 0 2 ,
+ e n d _ d a y = 0 5 ,
+ e n d _ h o u r = 1 8 ,
+ i n t e r v a l _ s e c o n d s = 2 1 6 0 0 ,
+ d e b u g _ l e v e l = 0 ,
+ /
+ & &
+
+ 5 ) R u n W R F 4 D - V a r
+ > c d $ W O R K _ D I R
+ > . / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e > & ! w r f d a . l o g
+
+ P l e a s e n o t e : I f y o u u t i l i z e t h e l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s o p t i o n ( v a r 4 d _ l b c = t r u e ) , i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e a n a l y s i s a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e t i m e w i n d o w ( w r f v a r _ o u t p u t ) , t h e a n a l y s i s a t t h e e n d o f t h e t i m e w i n d o w w i l l a l s o b e g e n e r a t e d
a s a n a 0 2 , w h i c h w i l l b e u s e d i n s u b s e q u e n t u p d a t i n g o f b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s b e f o r e t h e f o r e c a s t .
+
+ R a d i a n c e D a t a A s s i m i l a t i o n i n W R F D A
+ T h i s s e c t i o n g i v e s a b r i e f d e s c r i p t i o n f o r v a r i o u s a s p e c t s r e l a t e d t o r a d i a n c e a s s i m i l a t i o n i n W R F D A . E a c h a s p e c t i s d e s c r i b e d m a i n l y f r o m t h e v i e w p o i n t o f u s a g e , r a t h e r t h a n m o r e t e c h n i c a l a n d s c i e n t i f i c d e t a i l s , w h i c h w i l l a p p e a r i n a s e p a r a t e t e c h n i c a l r e p o r t a n d s c i e n t i f i c p a p e r . N a m e l i s t p a r a m e t e r s c o n t r o l l i n g d i f f e r e n t a s p e c t s o f r a d i a n c e a s s i m i l a t i o n
w i l l b e d e t a i l e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s . I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t t h i s s e c t i o n d o e s n o t c o v e r g e n e r a l a s p e c t s o f t h e W R F D A a s s i m i l a t i o n . T h e s e c a n b e f o u n d i n o t h e r s e c t i o n s o f c h a p t e r 6 o f t h i s u s e r s g u i d e , o r o t h e r W R F D A d o c u m e n t a t i o n .
+
+ a . R u n n i n g W R F D A w i t h r a d i a n c e s
+
+ I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e b a s i c i n p u t f i l e s ( L A N D U S E . T B L , f g , o b . a s c i i , b e . d a t ) m e n t i o n e d i n t h e H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ R u n n i n g _ W R F - V a r _ 1 " R u n n i n g W R F D A s e c t i o n , t h e f o l l o w i n g a d d i t i o n a l f i l e s a r e r e q u i r e d f o r r a d i a n c e s
: r a d i a n c e d a t a i n N C E P B U F R f o r m a t , r a d i a n c e _ i n f o f i l e s , V A R B C . i n , a n d R T M ( C R T M o r R T T O V ) c o e f f i c i e n t f i l e s .
+
+ E d i t n a m e l i s t . i n p u t ( P a y s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n t o & w r f v a r 4 , & w r f v a r 1 4 , & w r f v a r 2 1 , a n d & w r f v a r 2 2 f o r r a d i a n c e - r e l a t e d o p t i o n s . A v e r y b a s i c n a m e l i s t . i n p u t f o r r u n n i n g t h e r a d i a n c e t e s t c a s e i s p r o v i d e d i n W R F D A / v a r / t e s t / r a d i a n c e / n a m e l i s t . i n p u t )
+
+ > l n - s f $ D A T _ D I R / g d a s 1 . t 0 0 z . 1 b a m u a . t m 0 0 . b u f r _ d . / a m s u a . b u f r
+ > l n - s f $ D A T _ D I R / g d a s 1 . t 0 0 z . 1 b a m u b . t m 0 0 . b u f r _ d . / a m s u b . b u f r
+ &
gt; l n - s f $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / r u n / r a d i a n c e _ i n f o . / r a d i a n c e _ i n f o # ( r a d i a n c e _ i n f o i s a d i r e c t o r y )
+ > l n - s f $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / r u n / V A R B C . i n . / V A R B C . i n
+ ( C R T M o n l y ) > l n - s f W R F D A / v a r / r u n / c r t m _ c o e f f s . / c r t m _ c o e f f s # ( c r t m _ c o e f f s i s a d i r e c t o r y )
+ ( R T T O V o n l y ) > l n - s f y o u r _ R T T O V _ p a t h / r t c o e f _ r t t o v 1 0 / r t t o v 7 p r e d 5 1 L . / r t t o v _ c o e f f s # ( r t t o v _ c o e f f s i s a d i r e c t o r y )
+
+ S e e t h e f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s f o r m o r e d e t a i l s o n e a c h a s p e c t o f r a d i a n c e a s s i m i l a t i o n .
+
+ b . R a d i a n c e D a t a I n g e s t
+
+ C u r r e n t l y , t h e
i n g e s t i n t e r f a c e f o r N C E P B U F R r a d i a n c e d a t a i s i m p l e m e n t e d i n W R F D A . T h e r a d i a n c e d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e t h r o u g h N C E P s p u b l i c f t p s e r v e r ( f t p : / / f t p . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / p u b / d a t a / n c c f / c o m / g f s / p r o d / g d a s . $ { y y y y m m d d h h } ) i n n e a r r e a l - t i m e ( w i t h a 6 - h o u r d e l a y ) a n d c a n m e e t r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r b o t h r e s e a r c h p u r p o s e s a n d s o m e r e a l - t i m e a p p l i c a t i o n s .
+
+ A s o f V e r s i o n 3 . 4 , W R F D A c a n r e a d d a t a f r o m t h e N O A A A T O V S i n s t r u m e n t s ( H I R S , A M S U - A , A M S U - B a n d M H S ) , t h e E O S A q u a i n s t r u m e n t s ( A I R S , A M S U - A ) a n d D M S P i n s t r u m
e n t s ( S S M I S ) . N o t e t h a t N C E P r a d i a n c e B U F R f i l e s a r e s e p a r a t e d b y i n s t r u m e n t n a m e s ( i . e . , o n e f i l e f o r e a c h t y p e o f i n s t r u m e n t ) , a n d e a c h f i l e c o n t a i n s g l o b a l r a d i a n c e ( g e n e r a l l y c o n v e r t e d t o b r i g h t n e s s t e m p e r a t u r e ) w i t h i n a 6 - h o u r a s s i m i l a t i o n w i n d o w , f r o m m u l t i - p l a t f o r m s . F o r r u n n i n g W R F D A , u s e r s n e e d t o r e n a m e N C E P c o r r e s p o n d i n g B U F R f i l e s ( t a b l e 1 ) t o h i r s 3 . b u f r ( i n c l u d i n g H I R S d a t a f r o m N O A A - 1 5 / 1 6 / 1 7 ) , h i r s 4 . b u f r ( i n c l u d i n g H I R S d a t a f r o m N O A A - 1 8 / 1 9 , M E T O P - 2 ) , a m s u a . b u f r ( i n c l u d i n g A M S
U - A d a t a f r o m N O A A - 1 5 / 1 6 / 1 8 / 1 9 , M E T O P - 2 ) , a m s u b . b u f r ( i n c l u d i n g A M S U - B d a t a f r o m N O A A - 1 5 / 1 6 / 1 7 ) , m h s . b u f r ( i n c l u d i n g M H S d a t a f r o m N O A A - 1 8 / 1 9 a n d M E T O P - 2 ) , a i r s . b u f r ( i n c l u d i n g A I R S a n d A M S U - A d a t a f r o m E O S - A Q U A ) a n d s s m i s . b u f r ( S S M I S d a t a f r o m D M S P - 1 6 , A F W A p r o v i d e d ) f o r W R F D A f i l e n a m e c o n v e n t i o n . N o t e t h a t t h e a i r s . b u f r f i l e c o n t a i n s n o t o n l y A I R S d a t a b u t a l s o A M S U - A , w h i c h i s c o l l o c a t e d w i t h A I R S p i x e l s ( 1 A M S U - A p i x e l c o l l o c a t e d w i t h 9 A I R S p i x e l s ) . U s e r s m u s t p l a c e t h e s e f i l e s i n t h e
w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y w h e r e t h e W R F D A e x e c u t a b l e i s r u n . I t s h o u l d a l s o b e m e n t i o n e d t h a t W R F D A r e a d s t h e s e B U F R r a d i a n c e f i l e s d i r e c t l y w i t h o u t t h e u s e o f a n y s e p a r a t e p r e - p r o c e s s i n g p r o g r a m . A l l p r o c e s s i n g o f r a d i a n c e d a t a , s u c h a s q u a l i t y c o n t r o l , t h i n n i n g , b i a s c o r r e c t i o n , e t c . , i s c a r r i e d o u t w i t h i n W R F D A . T h i s i s d i f f e r e n t f r o m c o n v e n t i o n a l o b s e r v a t i o n a s s i m i l a t i o n , w h i c h r e q u i r e s a p r e - p r o c e s s i n g p a c k a g e ( O B S P R O C ) t o g e n e r a t e W R F D A r e a d a b l e A S C I I f i l e s . F o r r e a d i n g t h e r a d i a n c e B U F R f i l
e s , W R F D A m u s t b e c o m p i l e d w i t h t h e N C E P B U F R l i b r a r y ( s e e H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c o . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / s i b / d e c o d e r s / B U F R L I B / " h t t p : / / w w w . n c o . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / s i b / d e c o d e r s / B U F R L I B / ) .
+
+ T a b l e 1 : N C E P a n d W R F D A r a d i a n c e B U F R f i l e n a m i n g c o n v e n t i o n
+
+ N C E P B U F R f i l e n a m e s W R F D A n a m i n g c o n v e n t i o n g d a s 1 . t 0 0 z . 1 b a m u a . t m 0 0 . b u f r _ d a m s u a . b u f r g d a s 1 . t 0 0 z . 1 b a m u b . t m 0 0 . b u f r _ d a m s u b . b u f r g d a s 1 . t 0 0 z . 1 b h r s 3 . t m 0 0 . b u f r _ d h i r s 3 . b u f r g d a s 1 . t 0 0 z . 1 b h r s 4 . t m 0 0 . b u f r _ d h i r s 4 . b u f r g d a s 1 . t 0 0 z . 1 b m h s . t m 0 0 . b u f r _ d m h
s . b u f r g d a s 1 . t 0 0 z . a i r s e v . t m 0 0 . b u f r _ d a i r s . b u f r
+ N a m e l i s t p a r a m e t e r s a r e u s e d t o c o n t r o l t h e r e a d i n g o f c o r r e s p o n d i n g B U F R f i l e s i n t o W R F D A . F o r i n s t a n c e , U S E _ A M S U A O B S , U S E _ A M S U B O B S , U S E _ H I R S 3 O B S , U S E _ H I R S 4 O B S , U S E _ M H S O B S , U S E _ A I R S O B S , U S E _ E O S _ A M S U A O B S a n d U S E _ S S M I S O B S c o n t r o l w h e t h e r o r n o t t h e r e s p e c t i v e f i l e i s r e a d . T h e s e a r e l o g i c a l p a r a m e t e r s t h a t a r e a s s i g n e d t o . F A L S E . b y d e f a u l t ; t h e r e f o r e t h e y m u s t b e s e t t o . T R U E . t o r e a d t h e r e s p e c t i v e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e . A l s o n o t e t h a t t h e s e p a
r a m e t e r s o n l y c o n t r o l w h e t h e r t h e d a t a i s r e a d , n o t w h e t h e r t h e d a t a i n c l u d e d i n t h e f i l e s i s t o b e a s s i m i l a t e d . T h i s i s c o n t r o l l e d b y o t h e r n a m e l i s t p a r a m e t e r s e x p l a i n e d i n t h e n e x t s e c t i o n .
+
+ N C E P B U F R f i l e s d o w n l o a d e d f r o m N C E P s p u b l i c f t p s e r v e r ( f t p : / / f t p . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / p u b / d a t a / n c c f / c o m / g f s / p r o d / g d a s . $ { y y y y m m d d h h } ) a r e F o r t r a n - b l o c k e d o n a b i g - e n d i a n m a c h i n e a n d c a n b e d i r e c t l y u s e d o n b i g - e n d i a n m a c h i n e s ( f o r e x a m p l e , I B M ) . F o r m o s t L i n u x c l u s t e r s w i t h I n t e l p l a t f o r m s , u s e r s n e e d t o
d o w n l o a d t h e b y t e - s w a p p i n g c o d e s s r c . c ( H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . d t c e n t e r . o r g / c o m - G S I / u s e r s / s u p p o r t / f a q s / i n d e x . p h p " h t t p : / / w w w . d t c e n t e r . o r g / c o m - G S I / u s e r s / s u p p o r t / f a q s / i n d e x . p h p ) . T h e C c o d e s s r c . c i s l o c a t e d i n t h e / u t i l s d i r e c t o r y o f t h e G S I d i s t r i b u t i o n , a n d w i l l c o n v e r t a P R E P B U F R f i l e g e n e r a t e d o n a n I B M p l a t f o r m t o a P R E P B U F R f i l e t h a t c a n b e r e a d o n a L i n u x o r I n t e l M a c p l a t f o r m . C o m p i l e s s r c . c w i t h a n y c c o m p i l e r ( e . g . , g c c - o s s r c . e x e s s r c . c ) . T o c o n v e r t a n I B M P R E P B U F R f i l e ,
t a k e t h e e x e c u t a b l e ( e . g . s s r c . e x e ) , a n d r u n i t a s f o l l o w s :
+
+ s s r c . e x e < B i g E n d i a n p r e p b u f r f i l e > L i t t l e E n d i a n p r e p b u f r f i l e
+
+ c . R a d i a t i v e T r a n s f e r M o d e l
+
+ T h e c o r e c o m p o n e n t f o r d i r e c t r a d i a n c e a s s i m i l a t i o n i s t o i n c o r p o r a t e a r a d i a t i v e t r a n s f e r m o d e l ( R T M ) i n t o t h e W R F D A s y s t e m a s o n e p a r t o f o b s e r v a t i o n o p e r a t o r s . T w o w i d e l y u s e d R T M s i n t h e N W P c o m m u n i t y , R T T O V ( d e v e l o p e d b y E U M E T S A T i n E u r o p e ) , a n d C R T M ( d e v e l o p e d b y t h e J o i n t C e n t e r f o r S a t e l l i t e D a t a A s s i m i l a t i o n ( J C S D A ) i n
U S ) , a r e a l r e a d y i m p l e m e n t e d i n t h e W R F D A s y s t e m w i t h a f l e x i b l e a n d c o n s i s t e n t u s e r i n t e r f a c e . W R F D A i s d e s i g n e d t o b e a b l e t o c o m p i l e w i t h a n y c o m b i n a t i o n o f t h e t w o R T M l i b r a r i e s , o r w i t h o u t R T M l i b r a r i e s ( f o r t h o s e n o t i n t e r e s t e d i n r a d i a n c e a s s i m i l a t i o n ) , b y t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e s C R T M a n d R T T O V ( s e e t h e I n s t a l l i n g W R F D A s e c t i o n ) . N o t e , h o w e v e r , t h a t a t r u n t i m e t h e u s e r m u s t s e l e c t o n e o f t h e t w o o r n e i t h e r , v i a t h e n a m e l i s t p a r a m e t e r R T M _ O P T I O N ( 1 f o r R T T O V , t
h e d e f a u l t , a n d 2 f o r C R T M ) .
+
+ B o t h R T M s c a n c a l c u l a t e r a d i a n c e s f o r a l m o s t a l l a v a i l a b l e i n s t r u m e n t s a b o a r d t h e v a r i o u s s a t e l l i t e p l a t f o r m s i n o r b i t . A n i m p o r t a n t f e a t u r e o f t h e W R F D A d e s i g n i s t h a t a l l d a t a s t r u c t u r e s r e l a t e d t o r a d i a n c e a s s i m i l a t i o n a r e d y n a m i c a l l y a l l o c a t e d d u r i n g r u n n i n g t i m e , a c c o r d i n g t o a s i m p l e n a m e l i s t s e t u p . T h e i n s t r u m e n t s t o b e a s s i m i l a t e d a r e c o n t r o l l e d a t r u n - t i m e b y f o u r i n t e g e r n a m e l i s t p a r a m e t e r s : R T M I N I T _ N S E N S O R ( t h e t o t a l n u m b e r o f s e n s o r s t o b e a s s i m i l a
t e d ) , R T M I N I T _ P L A T F O R M ( t h e p l a t f o r m s I D s a r r a y t o b e a s s i m i l a t e d w i t h d i m e n s i o n R T M I N I T _ N S E N S O R , e . g . , 1 f o r N O A A , 9 f o r E O S , 1 0 f o r M E T O P a n d 2 f o r D M S P ) , R T M I N I T _ S A T I D ( s a t e l l i t e I D s a r r a y ) a n d R T M I N I T _ S E N S O R ( s e n s o r I D s a r r a y , e . g . , 0 f o r H I R S , 3 f o r A M S U - A , 4 f o r A M S U - B , 1 5 f o r M H S , 1 0 f o r S S M I S , 1 1 f o r A I R S ) . F o r e x a m p l e , t h e c o n f i g u r a t i o n f o r a s s i m i l a t i n g 1 2 s e n s o r s f r o m 7 s a t e l l i t e s ( a l l t h a t W R F D A c a n c u r r e n t l y a s s i m i l a t e ) w i l l b e
+
+ R T M I N I T _ N S E N S O R = 1 2 1 4 # 6 A M S U A ; 3 A M S U B ; 3 M H
S ; 1 A I R S ; 1 S S M I S
+ R T M I N I T _ P L A T F O R M = 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 9 , 1 0 , , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 0 , 9 , 2
+ R T M I N I T _ S A T I D = 1 5 , 1 6 , 1 8 , 1 9 , 2 , 2 , 1 5 , 1 6 , 1 7 , 1 8 , 1 9 , 2 , 2 , 1 6
+ R T M I N I T _ S E N S O R = 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 3 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 1 5 , 1 5 , 1 5 , 1 1 , 1 0
+
+ T h e i n s t r u m e n t t r i p l e t s ( p l a t f o r m , s a t e l l i t e , a n d s e n s o r I D ) i n t h e n a m e l i s t c a n b e r a n k e d i n a n y o r d e r . M o r e d e t a i l a b o u t t h e c o n v e n t i o n o f i n s t r u m e n t t r i p l e s c a n b e f o u n d o n t h e w e b p a g e H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m / r t t o v _ d e s c r i p t i o n . h t m l &qu
ot; h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m / r t t o v _ d e s c r i p t i o n . h t m l
+ H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m / r t t o v _ d e s c r i p t i o n . h t m l " o r i n t a b l e s 2 a n d 3 i n t h e R T T O V v 1 0 U s e r s G u i d e ( H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m / d o c s _ r t t o v 1 0 / u s e r s _ g u i d e _ 1 0 _ v 1 . 5 . p d f " r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m / d o c s _ r t t o v 1 0 / u s e r s _ g u i d e _ 1 0 _ v 1 . 5 . p d f )
+
+ C R T M u s e s a d i f f e r e n t i n s t r
u m e n t - n a m i n g m e t h o d , h o w e v e r , a c o n v e r s i o n r o u t i n e i n s i d e W R F D A i s i m p l e m e n t e d s u c h t h a t t h e u s e r i n t e r f a c e r e m a i n s t h e s a m e f o r R T T O V a n d C R T M , u s i n g t h e s a m e i n s t r u m e n t t r i p l e t f o r b o t h .
+
+ W h e n r u n n i n g W R F D A w i t h r a d i a n c e a s s i m i l a t i o n s w i t c h e d o n , a s e t o f R T M c o e f f i c i e n t f i l e s n e e d t o b e l o a d e d . F o r t h e R T T O V o p t i o n , R T T O V c o e f f i c i e n t f i l e s a r e t o b e c o p i e d o r l i n k e d t o a s u b - d i r e c t o r y r t t o v _ c o e f f s / u n d e r t h e w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y . F o r t h e C R T M o p t i o n , C R T M c o e f f i c i e n t f i l e s a r e t o b e c o p i e
d o r l i n k e d t o a s u b - d i r e c t o r y c r t m _ c o e f f s / u n d e r t h e w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y . O n l y c o e f f i c i e n t s l i s t e d i n t h e n a m e l i s t a r e n e e d e d . P o t e n t i a l l y W R F D A c a n a s s i m i l a t e a l l s e n s o r s a s l o n g a s t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g c o e f f i c i e n t f i l e s a r e p r o v i d e d . I n a d d i t i o n , n e c e s s a r y d e v e l o p m e n t s o n t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g d a t a i n t e r f a c e , q u a l i t y c o n t r o l , a n d b i a s c o r r e c t i o n a r e i m p o r t a n t t o m a k e r a d i a n c e d a t a a s s i m i l a t e p r o p e r l y ; h o w e v e r , a m o d u l a r d e s i g n o f r a d i a n c e r e l e v a n t r o u t i n e s a l r e a d y f a c i l i t a t e s t h e a d d i t i o n o f m o r
e i n s t r u m e n t s i n W R F D A .
+
+ T h e R T T O V p a c k a g e i s n o t d i s t r i b u t e d w i t h W R F D A , d u e t o l i c e n s i n g a n d s u p p o r t i n g i s s u e s . U s e r s n e e d t o f o l l o w t h e i n s t r u c t i o n s a t H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m " h t t p : / / r e s e a r c h . m e t o f f i c e . g o v . u k / r e s e a r c h / i n t e r p r o j / n w p s a f / r t m t o d o w n l o a d t h e R T T O V s o u r c e c o d e a n d s u p p l e m e n t c o e f f i c i e n t f i l e s a n d t h e e m i s s i v i t y a t l a s d a t a s e t . S t a r t i n g w i t h v e r s i o n 3 . 3 , o n l y R T T O V v 1 0 c a n b e u s e d i n W R F D A .
+
+ S i n c e V 3 . 2 . 1 , t h e C R T M p a
c k a g e i s d i s t r i b u t e d w i t h W R F D A , w h i c h i s l o c a t e d i n $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / e x t e r n a l / c r t m . T h e C R T M c o d e i n W R F D A i s b a s i c a l l y t h e s a m e a s t h e s o u r c e c o d e t h a t u s e r s c a n d o w n l o a d f r o m H Y P E R L I N K " f t p : / / f t p . e m c . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / j c s d a / C R T M " f t p : / / f t p . e m c . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / j c s d a / C R T M .
+
+ d . C h a n n e l S e l e c t i o n
+
+ C h a n n e l s e l e c t i o n i n W R F D A i s c o n t r o l l e d b y r a d i a n c e i n f o f i l e s , l o c a t e d i n t h e s u b - d i r e c t o r y r a d i a n c e _ i n f o , u n d e r t h e w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y . T h e s e f i l e s a r e s e p a r a t e d b y s a t e l l i t e s a n d s e n s o r s ;
e . g . , n o a a - 1 5 - a m s u a . i n f o , n o a a - 1 6 - a m s u b . i n f o , d m s p - 1 6 - s s m i s . i n f o a n d s o o n . A n e x a m p l e o f 5 c h a n n e l s f r o m n o a a - 1 5 - a m s u b . i n f o i s s h o w n b e l o w . T h e f o u r t h c o l u m n i s u s e d b y W R F D A t o c o n t r o l w h e n t o u s e a c o r r e s p o n d i n g c h a n n e l . C h a n n e l s w i t h t h e v a l u e - 1 i n t h e f o u r t h c o l u m n i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e c h a n n e l i s n o t a s s i m i l a t e d , w h i l e t h e v a l u e 1 m e a n s a s s i m i l a t e d . T h e s i x t h c o l u m n i s u s e d b y W R F D A t o s e t t h e o b s e r v a t i o n e r r o r f o r e a c h c h a n n e l . O t h e r c o l u m n s a r e n o t u s e d b y W R F D A . I t s h o u l d b e m
e n t i o n e d t h a t t h e s e e r r o r v a l u e s m i g h t n o t n e c e s s a r i l y b e o p t i m a l f o r y o u r a p p l i c a t i o n s . I t i s t h e u s e r s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o o b t a i n t h e o p t i m a l e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f o r h i s / h e r o w n a p p l i c a t i o n s .
+
+ S e n s o r c h a n n e l I R / M W u s e i d u m v a r c h p o l a r i z a t i o n ( 0 : v e r t i c a l ; 1 : h o r i z o n t a l )
+
+ 4 1 5 1 1 - 1 0 0 . 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 0
+ 4 1 5 2 1 - 1 0 0 . 3 7 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 0
+ 4 1 5 3 1 1 0 0 . 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 0
+ 4 1 5 4 1 - 1 0 0 . 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 0
+ 4 1 5 5 1 1 0 0 . 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E
+ 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E + 0 0
+
+
+ e . B i a s C o r r e c t i o n
+
+ S a t e l l i t e r a d i a n c e i s g e n e r a l l y c o n s i d e r e d t o b e b i a s e d w i t h r e s p e c t t o a r e f e r e n c e ( e . g . , b a c k g r o u n d o r a n a l y s i s f i e l d i n N W P a s s i m i l a t i o n ) d u e t o s y s t e m a t i c e r r o r o f t h e o b s e r v a t i o n i t s e l f , t h e r e f e r e n c e f i e l d , a n d R T M . B i a s c o r r e c t i o n i s a n e c e s s a r y s t e p p r i o r t o a s s i m i l a t i n g r a d i a n c e d a t a . T h e r e a r e t w o w a y s o f p e r f o r m i n g b i a s c o r r e c t i o n i n W R F D A . O n e i s b a s e d o n t h e H a r r i s a n d K e l l y ( 2 0 0 1 ) m e t h o d , a n d i s c a r r i e d o u t u s i n g a s e t o f c o e f f i c i e
n t f i l e s p r e - c a l c u l a t e d w i t h a n o f f - l i n e s t a t i s t i c s p a c k a g e , w h i c h w a s a p p l i e d t o a t r a i n i n g d a t a s e t f o r a m o n t h - l o n g p e r i o d . T h e o t h e r i s V a r i a t i o n a l B i a s C o r r e c t i o n ( V a r B C ) . O n l y V a r B C i s i n t r o d u c e d h e r e , a n d r e c o m m e n d e d f o r u s e r s b e c a u s e o f i t s r e l a t i v e s i m p l i c i t y i n u s a g e .
+
+ f . V a r i a t i o n a l B i a s C o r r e c t i o n
+
+ G e t t i n g s t a r t e d w i t h V a r B C
+ T o u s e V a r B C , s e t t h e n a m e l i s t o p t i o n U S E _ V A R B C t o T R U E a n d h a v e t h e V A R B C . i n f i l e i n t h e w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y . V A R B C . i n i s a V a r B C s e t u p f i l e i n A S C I I f o r
m a t . A t e m p l a t e i s p r o v i d e d w i t h t h e W R F D A p a c k a g e ( $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / r u n / V A R B C . i n ) .
+
+ I n p u t a n d O u t p u t f i l e s
+ A l l V a r B C i n p u t i s p a s s e d t h r o u g h a s i n g l e A S C I I f i l e c a l l e d V A R B C . i n . O n c e W R F D A h a s r u n w i t h t h e V a r B C o p t i o n s w i t c h e d o n , i t w i l l p r o d u c e a V A R B C . o u t f i l e i n a s i m i l a r A S C I I f o r m a t . T h i s o u t p u t f i l e w i l l t h e n b e u s e d a s t h e i n p u t f i l e f o r t h e n e x t a s s i m i l a t i o n c y c l e .
+
+ C o l d s t a r t
+ C o l d s t a r t i n g m e a n s s t a r t i n g t h e V a r B C f r o m s c r a t c h ; i . e . w h e n y o u d o n o t k n o w t h e v a l u e s o f t h e b i a s p a r
a m e t e r s .
+
+ T h e C o l d s t a r t i s a r o u t i n e i n W R F D A . T h e b i a s p r e d i c t o r s t a t i s t i c s ( m e a n a n d s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n ) a r e c o m p u t e d a u t o m a t i c a l l y a n d w i l l b e u s e d t o n o r m a l i z e t h e b i a s p a r a m e t e r s . A l l c o l d s t a r t b i a s p a r a m e t e r s a r e s e t t o z e r o , e x c e p t t h e f i r s t b i a s p a r a m e t e r ( = s i m p l e o f f s e t ) , w h i c h i s s e t t o t h e m o d e ( = p e a k ) o f t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e ( u n c o r r e c t e d ) i n n o v a t i o n s f o r t h e g i v e n c h a n n e l .
+
+ A t h r e s h o l d o f a n u m b e r o f o b s e r v a t i o n s c a n b e s e t t h r o u g h t h e n a m e l i s t o p t i o n V A R B C _ N O B S M I N ( d e f a u
l t = 1 0 ) , u n d e r w h i c h i t i s c o n s i d e r e d t h a t n o t e n o u g h o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t t o k e e p t h e C o l d s t a r t v a l u e s ( i . e . b i a s p r e d i c t o r s t a t i s t i c s a n d b i a s p a r a m e t e r v a l u e s ) f o r t h e n e x t c y c l e . I n t h i s c a s e , t h e n e x t c y c l e w i l l d o a n o t h e r C o l d s t a r t .
+
+ B a c k g r o u n d C o n s t r a i n t f o r t h e b i a s p a r a m e t e r s
+ T h e b a c k g r o u n d c o n s t r a i n t c o n t r o l s t h e i n e r t i a y o u w a n t t o i m p o s e o n t h e p r e d i c t o r s ( i . e . t h e s m o o t h i n g i n t h e p r e d i c t o r t i m e s e r i e s ) . I t c o r r e s p o n d s t o a n e x t r a t e r m i n t h e W R F D A c o s t f u n c t i o n .
+
+ I t i s
d e f i n e d t h r o u g h a n i n t e g e r n u m b e r i n t h e V A R B C . i n f i l e . T h i s n u m b e r i s r e l a t e d t o a n u m b e r o f o b s e r v a t i o n s ; t h e b i g g e r t h e n u m b e r , t h e m o r e i n e r t i a c o n s t r a i n t . I f t h e s e n u m b e r s a r e s e t t o z e r o , t h e p r e d i c t o r s c a n e v o l v e w i t h o u t a n y c o n s t r a i n t .
+
+ S c a l i n g f a c t o r
+ T h e V a r B C u s e s a s p e c i f i c p r e c o n d i t i o n i n g , w h i c h c a n b e s c a l e d t h r o u g h t h e n a m e l i s t o p t i o n V A R B C _ F A C T O R ( d e f a u l t = 1 . 0 ) .
+
+ O f f l i n e b i a s c o r r e c t i o n
+ T h e a n a l y s i s o f t h e V a r B C p a r a m e t e r s c a n b e p e r f o r m e d " o f f l i n e " ; i . e . i n d e p e n d e
n t l y f r o m t h e m a i n W R F D A a n a l y s i s . N o e x t r a c o d e i s n e e d e d . J u s t s e t t h e f o l l o w i n g M A X _ V E R T _ V A R * n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s t o b e 0 , w h i c h w i l l d i s a b l e t h e s t a n d a r d c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e a n d o n l y k e e p t h e V a r B C c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e .
+
+ M A X _ V E R T _ V A R 1 = 0 . 0
+ M A X _ V E R T _ V A R 2 = 0 . 0
+ M A X _ V E R T _ V A R 3 = 0 . 0
+ M A X _ V E R T _ V A R 4 = 0 . 0
+ M A X _ V E R T _ V A R 5 = 0 . 0
+
+ F r e e z e V a r B C
+ I n c e r t a i n c i r c u m s t a n c e s , y o u m i g h t w a n t t o k e e p t h e V a r B C b i a s p a r a m e t e r s c o n s t a n t i n t i m e ( = " f r o z e n " ) . I n t h i s c a s e , t h e b i a s c o r r e c t i o n i s r e a d a n d a p p l i e d t o t
h e i n n o v a t i o n s , b u t i t i s n o t u p d a t e d d u r i n g t h e m i n i m i z a t i o n . T h i s c a n e a s i l y b e a c h i e v e d b y s e t t i n g t h e n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s :
+
+ U S E _ V A R B C = f a l s e
+ F R E E Z E _ V A R B C = t r u e
+
+ P a s s i v e o b s e r v a t i o n s
+ S o m e o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e u s e f u l f o r p r e p r o c e s s i n g ( e . g . Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l , C l o u d d e t e c t i o n ) b u t y o u m i g h t n o t w a n t t o a s s i m i l a t e t h e m . I f y o u s t i l l n e e d t o e s t i m a t e t h e i r b i a s c o r r e c t i o n , t h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s n e e d t o g o t h r o u g h t h e V a r B C c o d e i n t h e m i n i m i z a t i o n . F o r t h i s p u r p o s e , t h e V a r B C u s e s a s e p a r a t e t h r e s h o l d
o n t h e Q C v a l u e s , c a l l e d " q c _ v a r b c _ b a d " . T h i s t h r e s h o l d i s c u r r e n t l y s e t t o t h e s a m e v a l u e a s " q c _ b a d " , b u t c a n e a s i l y b e c h a n g e d t o a n y a d h o c v a l u e .
+
+ g . O t h e r n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s t o c o n t r o l r a d i a n c e a s s i m i l a t i o n
+
+ R A D _ M O N I T O R I N G ( 3 0 )
+ I n t e g e r a r r a y o f d i m e n s i o n R T M I N I T _ N S E N S E R , 0 f o r a s s i m i l a t i n g m o d e , 1 f o r m o n i t o r i n g m o d e ( o n l y c a l c u l a t e s i n n o v a t i o n ) .
+
+
+ T H I N N I N G
+ L o g i c a l , T R U E w i l l p e r f o r m t h i n n i n g o n r a d i a n c e d a t a .
+
+ T H I N N I N G _ M E S H ( 3 0 )
+ R e a l a r r a y w i t h d i m e n s i o n R T M I N I T _ N
S E N S O R , v a l u e s i n d i c a t e t h i n n i n g m e s h ( i n k m ) f o r d i f f e r e n t s e n s o r s .
+
+ Q C _ R A D
+ L o g i c a l , c o n t r o l s i f q u a l i t y c o n t r o l i s p e r f o r m e d , a l w a y s s e t t o T R U E .
+
+ W R I T E _ I V _ R A D _ A S C I I
+ L o g i c a l , c o n t r o l s w h e t h e r t o o u t p u t o b s e r v a t i o n - m i n u s - b a c k g r o u n d ( O - B ) f i l e s , w h i c h a r e i n A S C I I f o r m a t , a n d s e p a r a t e d b y s e n s o r s a n d p r o c e s s o r s .
+
+ W R I T E _ O A _ R A D _ A S C I I
+ L o g i c a l , c o n t r o l s w h e t h e r t o o u t p u t o b s e r v a t i o n - m i n u s - a n a l y s i s ( O - A ) f i l e s ( i n c l u d i n g a l s o O - B i n f o r m a t i o n ) , w h i c h a r e i n A S C I I f o r m a t , a n d s e p a r a t e d b y
s e n s o r s a n d p r o c e s s o r s .
+
+ U S E _ E R R O R _ F A C T O R _ R A D
+ L o g i c a l , c o n t r o l s u s e o f a r a d i a n c e e r r o r t u n i n g f a c t o r f i l e ( r a d i a n c e _ e r r o r . f a c t o r ) w h i c h i s c r e a t e d w i t h e m p i r i c a l v a l u e s , o r g e n e r a t e d u s i n g a v a r i a t i o n a l t u n i n g m e t h o d ( D e s r o z i e r s a n d I v a n o v , 2 0 0 1 ) .
+
+ O N L Y _ S E A _ R A D
+ L o g i c a l , c o n t r o l s w h e t h e r o n l y a s s i m i l a t i n g r a d i a n c e o v e r w a t e r .
+
+ T I M E _ W I N D O W _ M I N
+ S t r i n g , e . g . , " 2 0 0 7 - 0 8 - 1 5 _ 0 3 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " , s t a r t t i m e o f a s s i m i l a t i o n t i m e w i n d o w
+
+ T I M E _ W I N D O W _ M A X
+ S t r i n g , e . g . , " 2 0 0 7 - 0 8 - 1 5 _ 0 9 : 0 0 : 0 0
. 0 0 0 0 " , e n d t i m e o f a s s i m i l a t i o n t i m e w i n d o w
+
+ U S E _ A N T C O R R ( 3 0 )
+ L o g i c a l a r r a y w i t h d i m e n s i o n R T M I N I T _ N S E N S E R , c o n t r o l s i f p e r f o r m i n g A n t e n n a C o r r e c t i o n i n C R T M .
+
+ A I R S _ W A R M E S T _ F O V
+ L o g i c a l , c o n t r o l s w h e t h e r u s i n g t h e o b s e r v a t i o n b r i g h t n e s s t e m p e r a t u r e f o r A I R S W i n d o w c h a n n e l # 9 1 4 a s c r i t e r i u m f o r G S I t h i n n i n g .
+
+ U S E _ C R T M _ K M A T R I X
+ L o g i c a l , c o n t r o l s w h e t h e r u s i n g t h e C R T M K m a t r i x r a t h e r t h a n c a l l i n g C R T M T L a n d A D r o u t i n e s f o r g r a d i e n t c a l c u l a t i o n .
+
+ U S E _ R T T O V _ K M A T R I X
+ L o g i c a l , c o n t r o l s w h
e t h e r u s i n g t h e R T T O V K m a t r i x r a t h e r t h a n c a l l i n g R T T O V T L a n d A D r o u t i n e s f o r g r a d i e n t c a l c u l a t i o n .
+
+ R T T O V _ E M I S _ A T L A S _ I R
+ I n t e g e r , c o n t r o l s t h e u s e o f t h e I R e m i s s i v i t y a t l a s .
+ E m i s s i v i t y a t l a s d a t a ( s h o u l d b e d o w n l o a d e d s e p a r a t e l y f r o m t h e R T T O V w e b s i t e ) n e e d t o b e c o p i e d o r l i n k e d u n d e r a s u b - d i r e c t o r y o f t h e w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y ( e m i s _ d a t a ) i f R T T O V _ E M I S _ A T L A S _ I R i s s e t t o 1 .
+
+ R T T O V _ E M I S _ A T L A S _ M W
+ I n t e g e r , c o n t r o l s t h e u s e o f t h e M W e m i s s i v i t y a t l a s .
+ E m i s s i v i t y a t l a s d a t a ( s h o u l d b e d
o w n l o a d e d s e p a r a t e l y f r o m t h e R T T O V w e b s i t e ) n e e d t o b e c o p i e d o r l i n k e d u n d e r a s u b - d i r e c t o r y o f t h e w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y ( e m i s _ d a t a ) i f R T T O V _ E M I S _ A T L A S _ M W i s s e t t o 1 o r 2 .
+
+
+ h . D i a g n o s t i c s a n d M o n i t o r i n g
+
+ ( 1 ) M o n i t o r i n g c a p a b i l i t y w i t h i n W R F D A
+
+ R u n W R F D A w i t h t h e r a d _ m o n i t o r i n g n a m e l i s t p a r a m e t e r i n r e c o r d w r f v a r 1 4 i n n a m e l i s t . i n p u t .
+
+ 0 m e a n s a s s i m i l a t i n g m o d e . I n n o v a t i o n s ( O m i n u s B ) a r e c a l c u l a t e d a n d d a t a a r e u s e d i n m i n i m i z a t i o n .
+ 1 m e a n s m o n i t o r i n g m o d e : i n n o v a t i o n s a r e c a l c u l a t
e d f o r d i a g n o s t i c s a n d m o n i t o r i n g . D a t a a r e n o t u s e d i n m i n i m i z a t i o n .
+
+ T h e v a l u e o f r a d _ m o n i t o r i n g s h o u l d c o r r e s p o n d t o t h e v a l u e o f r t m i n i t _ n s e n s o r . I f r a d _ m o n i t o r i n g i s n o t s e t , t h e n t h e d e f a u l t v a l u e o f 0 w i l l b e u s e d f o r a l l s e n s o r s .
+
+ ( 2 ) O u t p u t t i n g r a d i a n c e d i a g n o s t i c s f r o m W R F D A
+
+ R u n W R F D A w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s i n r e c o r d w r f v a r 1 4 i n n a m e l i s t . i n p u t .
+
+ w r i t e _ i v _ r a d _ a s c i i
+ L o g i c a l . T R U E t o w r i t e o u t ( o b s e r v a t i o n - b a c k g r o u n d , e t c . ) d i a g n o s t i c s i n f o r m a t i o n i n p l a i n - t e x t f
i l e s w i t h t h e p r e f i x i n v , f o l l o w e d b y t h e i n s t r u m e n t n a m e a n d t h e p r o c e s s o r i d . F o r e x a m p l e , 0 1 _ i n v _ n o a a - 1 7 - a m s u b . 0 0 0 0 ( 0 1 i s o u t e r l o o p i n d e x , 0 0 0 0 i s p r o c e s s o r i n d e x )
+
+ w r i t e _ o a _ r a d _ a s c i i
+ L o g i c a l . T R U E t o w r i t e o u t ( o b s e r v a t i o n - b a c k g r o u n d , o b s e r v a t i o n - a n a l y s i s , e t c . ) d i a g n o s t i c s i n f o r m a t i o n i n p l a i n - t e x t f i l e s w i t h t h e p r e f i x o m a , f o l l o w e d b y t h e i n s t r u m e n t n a m e a n d t h e p r o c e s s o r i d . F o r e x a m p l e , 0 1 _ o m a _ n o a a - 1 8 - m h s . 0 0 0 1
+
+ E a c h p r o c e s s o r w r i t e s o u t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r o n e i n s t r u m e n t i
n o n e f i l e i n t h e W R F D A w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y .
+
+ ( 3 ) R a d i a n c e d i a g n o s t i c s d a t a p r o c e s s i n g
+
+ A F o r t r a n 9 0 p r o g r a m i s u s e d t o c o l l e c t t h e 0 1 _ i n v * o r 0 1 _ o m a * f i l e s a n d w r i t e t h e m o u t i n n e t C D F f o r m a t ( o n e i n s t r u m e n t i n o n e f i l e w i t h p r e f i x d i a g s f o l l o w e d b y t h e i n s t r u m e n t n a m e , a n a l y s i s d a t e , a n d t h e s u f f i x . n c ) f o r e a s i e r d a t a v i e w i n g , h a n d l i n g a n d p l o t t i n g w i t h n e t C D F u t i l i t i e s a n d N C L s c r i p t s .
+
+ ( 4 ) R a d i a n c e d i a g n o s t i c s p l o t t i n g
+
+ T w o N C L s c r i p t s ( a v a i l a b l e a s p a r t o f t h e W R F D A T o o l s p a c k a g e , w
h i c h c a n b e d o w n l o a d e d a t H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t o o l s . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t o o l s . h t m l ) a r e u s e d f o r p l o t t i n g : $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l / p l o t _ r a d _ d i a g s . n c l a n d $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l / a d v a n c e _ c y m d h . n c l . T h e N C L s c r i p t s c a n b e r u n f r o m a s h e l l s c r i p t , o r r u n a l o n e w i t h a n i n t e r a c t i v e n c l c o m m a n d ( t h e N C L s c r i p t a n d s e t t h e p l o t o p t i o n s m u s t b e e d i t e d . A l s o t h e p a t h o f a d v a n c e _ c y m d h . n c l , a d a t e a d v a n c i n g s c r
i p t l o a d e d i n t h e m a i n N C L p l o t t i n g s c r i p t , m a y n e e d t o b e m o d i f i e d ) .
+
+ S t e p s ( 3 ) a n d ( 4 ) c a n b e d o n e b y r u n n i n g a s i n g l e k s h s c r i p t ( a l s o i n t h e W R F D A T o o l s p a c k a g e : $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / s c r i p t s / d a _ r a d _ d i a g s . k s h ) w i t h p r o p e r s e t t i n g s . I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s e t t i n g s o f d i r e c t o r i e s a n d w h a t i n s t r u m e n t s t o p l o t , t h e r e a r e s o m e u s e f u l p l o t t i n g o p t i o n s , e x p l a i n e d b e l o w .
+
+ s e t e n v O U T _ T Y P E = n c g m n c g m o r p d f
+ p d f w i l l b e m u c h s l o w e r t h a n n c g m a n d g e n e r a t e h u g e o u t p u t i f p l o t s a r e n o t s p l i t . B u t p d f h a s h i g h
e r r e s o l u t i o n t h a n n c g m . s e t e n v P L O T _ S T A T S _ O N L Y = f a l s e t r u e o r f a l s e
+ t r u e : o n l y s t a t i s t i c s o f O M B / O M A v s c h a n n e l s a n d O M B / O M A v s d a t e s w i l l b e p l o t t e d .
+ f a l s e : d a t a c o v e r a g e , s c a t t e r p l o t s ( b e f o r e a n d a f t e r b i a s c o r r e c t i o n ) , h i s t o g r a m s ( b e f o r e a n d a f t e r b i a s c o r r e c t i o n ) , a n d s t a t i s t i c s w i l l b e p l o t t e d . s e t e n v P L O T _ O P T = s e a _ o n l y a l l , s e a _ o n l y , l a n d _ o n l y s e t e n v P L O T _ Q C E D = f a l s e
+ t r u e o r f a l s e
+ t r u e : p l o t o n l y q u a l i t y - c o n t r o l l e d d a t a
+ f a l s e : p l o t a l l d a t a s e t e n v P L O T _ H I S T O = f a l s e t r u e o r f a l s e
: s w i t c h f o r h i s t o g r a m p l o t s s e t e n v P L O T _ S C A T T = t r u e t r u e o r f a l s e : s w i t c h f o r s c a t t e r p l o t s s e t e n v P L O T _ E M I S S = f a l s e t r u e o r f a l s e : s w i t c h f o r e m i s s i v i t y p l o t s s e t e n v P L O T _ S P L I T = f a l s e t r u e o r f a l s e
+ t r u e : o n e f r a m e i n e a c h f i l e
+ f a l s e : a l l f r a m e s i n o n e f i l e s e t e n v P L O T _ C L O U D Y = f a l s e
+ t r u e o r f a l s e
+ t r u e : p l o t c l o u d y d a t a . C l o u d y d a t a t o b e p l o t t e d a r e d e f i n e d b y P L O T _ C L O U D Y _ O P T ( s i o r c l w p ) , C L W P _ V A L U E , S I _ V A L U E s e t t i n g s . s e t e n v P L O T _ C L O U D Y _ O P T = s i s i o r c l w p
+ c l w p : c l o u d l i q u i d w a t e r p a t
h f r o m m o d e l
+ s i : s c a t t e r i n d e x f r o m o b s , f o r a m s u a , a m s u b a n d m h s o n l y s e t e n v C L W P _ V A L U E = 0 . 2 o n l y p l o t p o i n t s w i t h
+ c l w p > = c l w p _ v a l u e ( w h e n c l w p _ v a l u e > 0 )
+ c l w p > c l w p _ v a l u e ( w h e n c l w p _ v a l u e = 0 ) s e t e n v S I _ V A L U E = 3 . 0
+ ( 5 ) E v o l u t i o n o f V a r B C p a r a m e t e r s
+
+ N C L s c r i p t s ( a l s o i n t h e W R F D A T o o l s p a c k a g e : $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l / p l o t _ r a d _ v a r b c _ p a r a m . n c l a n d $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l / a d v a n c e _ c y m d h . n c l ) a r e u s e d f o r p l o t t i n g t h e e v o l u t i o n o f V a r B C p a r a m e t e r s .
+
+
+ P r e c i p i t a t i o n D a t a
A s s i m i l a t i o n i n W R F D A 4 D - V a r
+ T h e a s s i m i l a t i o n o f p r e c i p i t a t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n s i n W R F D A 4 D - V a r i s d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s s e c t i o n . C u r r e n t l y , W R F P L U S h a s a l r e a d y i n c l u d e d t h e a d j o i n t a n d t a n g e n t l i n e a r c o d e s o f l a r g e - s c a l e c o n d e n s a t i o n a n d c u m u l u s s c h e m e , t h e r e f o r e p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a c a n b e a s s i m i l a t e d d i r e c t l y i n 4 D - V a r . U s e r s w h o a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e s c i e n t i f i c d e t a i l o f 4 D - V a r a s s i m i l a t i o n o f p r e c i p i t a t i o n s h o u l d r e f e r t o r e l a t e d s c i e n t i f i c p a p e r s , a s t h i s s e c t i o n i s o n l y a b a s i c g u i d e t o r u n n
i n g W R F D A P r e c i p i t a t i o n A s s i m i l a t i o n . T h i s s e c t i o n i n s t r u c t s u s e r s o n d a t a p r o c e s s i n g , n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s e t t i n g s , a n d h o w t o r u n W R F D A 4 D - V a r w i t h p r e c i p i t a t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n s .
+
+ a . P r e p a r e p r e c i p i t a t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n s f o r 4 D - V a r
+
+ A s o f v e r s i o n 3 . 4 , W R F D A 4 D - V a r c a n a s s i m i l a t e N C E P S t a g e I V r a d a r a n d g a u g e p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a . N C E P S t a g e I V a r c h i v e d d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e o n t h e N C A R C O D I A C w e b p a g e a t : H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / d a t a . e o l . u c a r . e d u / c o d i a c / d s s / i d = 2 1 . 0 9 3 " h t t p : / / d a t a . e o l . u c a r . e d u / c o d i
a c / d s s / i d = 2 1 . 0 9 3 ( f o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n , p l e a s e s e e t h e N C E P S t a g e I V Q & A W e b p a g e a t H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . e m c . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / m m b / y l i n / p c p a n l / Q a n d A / " h t t p : / / w w w . e m c . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / m m b / y l i n / p c p a n l / Q a n d A / ) . T h e o r i g i n a l p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a a r e a t 4 - k m r e s o l u t i o n o n a p o l a r - s t e r e o g r a p h i c g r i d . H o u r l y , 6 - h o u r l y a n d 2 4 - h o u r l y a n a l y s e s a r e a v a i l a b l e . T h e f o l l o w i n g i m a g e s h o w s t h e a c c u m u l a t e d 6 - h p r e c i p i t a t i o n f o r t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e .
+
+ I t s h o u l d b e m e n t i o n e d t h a t t h e N C E P S t a g e I V a r c h i v
e d d a t a i s i n G R I B 1 f o r m a t a n d i t c a n n o t b e i n g e s t e d i n t o t h e W R F D A d i r e c t l y . A t o o l C O N V E R T E R i s p r o v i d e d t o r e f o r m a t G R I B 1 o b s e r v a t i o n s i n t o t h e W R F D A - r e a d a b l e A S C I I f o r m a t . I t c a n b e d o w n l o a d e d f r o m t h e W R F D A u s e r s p a g e a t H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / C O N V E R T E R . g z " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / C O N V E R T E R . g z . T h e N C E P G R I B l i b r a r i e s , w 3 a n d g 2 a r e r e q u i r e d t o c o m p i l e t h e C O N V E R T E R . T h e s e l i b r a r i e s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r d o w n l o a d f r o m
N C E P a t H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . n c o . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / p m b / c o d e s / G R I B 2 / " h t t p : / / w w w . n c o . n c e p . n o a a . g o v / p m b / c o d e s / G R I B 2 / . T h e o u t p u t f i l e t o t h e C O N V E R T E R i s n a m e d i n t h e f o r m a t o b . r a i n . y y y y m m d d h h . x x h ; T h e ' y y y y m m d d h h ' i n t h e f i l e n a m e i s t h e e n d i n g h o u r o f t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n p e r i o d , a n d ' x x ' ( = 0 1 , 0 6 o r 2 4 ) i s t h e a c c u m u l a t i n g t i m e p e r i o d .
+
+ F o r u s e r s w i s h i n g t o u s e t h e i r o w n o b s e r v a t i o n s i n s t e a d o f N C E P S t a g e I V , i t i s t h e u s e r s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o w r i t e a F o r t r a n m a i n p r o g r a m a n d c a l l s u b r
o u t i n e w r i t e r a i n o b s ( i n w r i t e _ r a i n o b s . f 9 0 ) t o g e n e r a t e t h e i r o w n p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a . F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n p l e a s e r e f e r t o t h e R E A D M E f i l e i n t h e C O N V E R T E R d i r e c t o r y .
+
+ b . R u n n i n g W R F D A 4 D - V a r w i t h p r e c i p i t a t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n s
+
+ W R F D A 4 D - V a r i s a b l e t o a s s i m i l a t e h o u r l y , 3 - h o u r l y a n d 6 - h o u r l y p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a . A c c o r d i n g t o e x p e r i m e n t s a n d r e l a t e d s c i e n t i f i c p a p e r s , 6 - h o u r p r e c i p i t a t i o n a c c u m u l a t i o n s a r e t h e i d e a l o b s e r v a t i o n s t o b e a s s i m i l a t e d , a s t h i s l e a d s t o b e t t e r r e s u l t s t h a n d i r e c t l y a
s s i m i l a t i n g h o u r l y d a t a .
+
+ T h e t u t o r i a l e x a m p l e i s f o r a s s i m i l a t i n g 6 - h o u r a c c u m u l a t e d p r e c i p i t a t i o n . I n y o u r w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y , l i n k a l l t h e n e c e s s a r y f i l e s a s f o l l o w s ,
+
+ > l n - f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / d a / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e .
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 .
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f b d y _ d 0 1 .
+ > l n - f s w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 f g
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / b e / b e . d a t .
+ > l n - f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / r u n / L A N D U S E . T B L . / L A N D U S E . T B L
+ > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / o b / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 / o b . r a i n . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 . 0 6 h o b 0 7 . r a i n
+
+ N o
t e : T h e r e a s o n w h y t h e o b s e r v a t i o n o b . r a i n . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 . 0 6 h i s l i n k e d a s o b 0 7 . r a i n w i l l b e e x p l a i n e d i n s e c t i o n d .
+
+ E d i t n a m e l i s t . i n p u t a n d p a y s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n t o & w r f v a r 1 a n d & w r f v a r 4 f o r p r e c i p i t a t i o n - r e l a t e d o p t i o n s .
+
+ & w r f v a r 1
+ v a r 4 d = t r u e ,
+ v a r 4 d _ l b c = t r u e ,
+ v a r 4 d _ b i n = 3 6 0 0 ,
+ v a r 4 d _ b i n _ r a i n = 2 1 6 0 0 ,
+ & & /
+ & &
+ & w r f v a r 4
+ u s e _ r a i n o b s = t r u e ,
+ t h i n _ r a i n o b s = t r u e ,
+ t h i n _ m e s h _ c o n v = 3 0 * 2 0 . ,
+ /
+
+ T h e n , r u n 4 D - V a r i n s e r i a l o r p a r a l l e l m o d e ,
+
+ > . / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e > & ! w r f d a . l o g
+
+ c . N a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s t o c o n t r o l p r e c i p i t a t i o n a s s i m i l a t i o n
+
+ v a r 4 d _ b i n _ r a i n
+ P r e c i p i t a t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n s u b - w i n d o w l e n g t h f o r 4 D - V a r . I t d o e s n o t n e e d t o b e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h v a r 4 d _ b i n .
+
+ t h i n _ r a i n o b s
+ L o g i c a l , T R U E w i l l p e r f o r m t h i n n i n g o n p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a .
+
+ t h i n _ m e s h _ c o n v
+ S p e c i f y t h i n n i n g m e s h s i z e ( i n k m )
+
+ d . P r o p e r l y l i n k i n g o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e s
+
+ I n s e c t i o n b , o b . r a i n . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 . 0 6 h i s l i n k e d a s o b 0 7 . r a i n . T h e n u m b e r 0 7 i s a s s i g n e d a c c o r d i n g t o t h e f o l l o w i n g r u l e :
+
+ x = i * ( v a r 4 d _ b i n
_ r a i n / v a r 4 d _ b i n ) + 1 ,
+
+ H e r e , i i s t h e s e q u e n c e n u m b e r o f t h e o b s e r v a t i o n .
+ f o r x < 1 0 , t h e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e s h o u l d b e r e n a m e d a s o b 0 x . r a i n ;
+ f o r x > = 1 0 , i t s h o u l d b e r e n a m e d a s o b x . r a i n
+
+ I n t h e e x a m p l e a b o v e , 6 - h o u r a c c u m u l a t e d p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a i s a s s i m i l a t e d i n 6 - h o u r t i m e w i n d o w . I n t h e n a m e l i s t , v a l u e s s h o u l d b e s e t a t v a r 4 d _ b i n = 3 6 0 0 a n d v a r 4 d _ b i n _ r a i n = 2 1 6 0 0 , a n d t h e r e i s o n e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e ( i . e . , i = 1 ) i n t h e t i m e w i n d o w , T h u s t h e v a l u e o f x i s 7 . T h e f i l e o b . r a i n . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 . 0 6 h s h
o u l d b e r e n a m e d a s o b 0 7 . r a i n .
+
+ L e t u s t a k e a n o t h e r e x a m p l e f o r h o w t o r e n a m e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e s f o r 3 - h o u r l y p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a i n 6 - h o u r t i m e w i n d o w . T h e s a m p l e n a m e l i s t i s a s f o l l o w s ,
+
+ & w r f v a r 1
+ v a r 4 d = t r u e ,
+ v a r 4 d _ l b c = t r u e ,
+ v a r 4 d _ b i n = 3 6 0 0 ,
+ v a r 4 d _ b i n _ r a i n = 1 0 8 0 0 ,
+ & & /
+
+ T h e r e a r e t w o o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e s , o b . r a i n . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 5 . 0 3 h a n d o b . r a i n . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 8 . 0 3 h . F o r t h e f i r s t f i l e ( i = 1 ) o b . r a i n . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 5 . 0 3 h , i t s h o u l d b e r e n a m e d a s o b 0 4 . r a i n , a n d t h e s e c o n d f i l e ( i = 2 ) r e n a m e d a s o b 0 7 . r a i n .
+
+
+ U p d a t i n g W R F B o u n d a r y C o n d i t i o n s
+ T h e r e a r e t h r e e i n p u t f i l e s : W R F D A a n a l y s i s , w r f i n p u t , a n d w r f b d y f i l e s f r o m W P S / r e a l . e x e , a n d a n a m e l i s t f i l e : p a r a m . i n f o r r u n n i n g d a _ u p d a t e _ b c . e x e f o r d o m a i n - 1 . B e f o r e r u n n i n g a n N W P f o r e c a s t u s i n g t h e W R F - m o d e l w i t h W R F D A a n a l y s i s , u p d a t e t h e v a l u e s a n d t e n d e n c i e s f o r e a c h p r e d i c t e d v a r i a b l e i n t h e f i r s t t i m e p e r i o d , i n t h e l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n f i l e . D o m a i n - 1 ( w r f b d y _ d 0 1 ) m u s t b e u p d a t e d t o b e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e n e w W R F D A i n i t i a l c o n d i t i o n ( a n
a l y s i s ) . T h i s i s a b s o l u t e l y e s s e n t i a l . M o r e o v e r , i n t h e c y c l i n g - r u n m o d e ( w a r m - s t a r t ) , t h e l o w e r b o u n d a r y i n t h e W R F D A a n a l y s i s f i l e a l s o n e e d s t o b e u p d a t e d b a s e d o n t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m t h e w r f i n p u t f i l e , g e n e r a t e d b y W P S / r e a l . e x e a t a n a l y s i s t i m e .
+ F o r n e s t e d d o m a i n s , d o m a i n - 2 , d o m a i n - 3 , e t c . , t h e l a t e r a l b o u n d a r i e s a r e p r o v i d e d b y t h e i r p a r e n t d o m a i n s , s o n o l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y u p d a t e i s n e e d e d f o r t h e s e d o m a i n s ; b u t t h e l o w b o u n d a r i e s i n e a c h o f t h e n e s t e d d o m a i n s W R F D A a n a l y s i s f i l e s s
t i l l n e e d t o b e u p d a t e d . I n t h e s e c a s e s , y o u m u s t s e t t h e n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e , d o m a i n _ i d > 1 ( d e f a u l t i s 1 f o r d o m a i n - 1 ) , a n d n o w r f b d y _ d 0 1 f i l e n e e d s t o b e p r o v i d e d t o t h e n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e w r f _ b d y _ f i l e .
+ T h i s p r o c e d u r e i s p e r f o r m e d b y t h e W R F D A u t i l i t y c a l l e d d a _ u p d a t e d _ b c . e x e , a n d i s l o c a t e d i n $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / b u i l d .
+ T o r u n d a _ u p d a t e _ b c . e x e , f o l l o w t h e s t e p s b e l o w :
+ > c d $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / t e s t / u p d a t e _ b c
+ > c p p $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f b d y _ d 0 1 .
+ ( I M P O R T A N T : m a k e a c o p y o f w r f b d y _ d 0 1 ,
a s t h e w r f _ b d y _ f i l e w i l l b e o v e r w r i t t e n b y d a _ u p d a t e _ b c . e x e )
+ > v i p a r a m e . i n
+ & c o n t r o l _ p a r a m
+ d a _ f i l e = ' . / w r f v a r _ o u t p u t '
+ d a _ f i l e _ 0 2 = . / a n a 0 2
+ w r f _ b d y _ f i l e = ' . / w r f b d y _ d 0 1 '
+ w r f _ i n p u t = ' $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 '
+ d o m a i n _ i d = 1
+ c y c l i n g = . f a l s e . ( s e t t o . t r u e . i f f i r s t g u e s s c o m e s f r o m a p r e v i o u s W R F f o r e c a s t . )
+ d e b u g = . t r u e .
+ l o w _ b d y _ o n l y = . f a l s e .
+ u p d a t e _ l s m = . f a l s e .
+ v a r 4 d _ l b c = . f a l s e .
+ /
+
+ > l n s f
$ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / d a / d a _ u p d a t e _ b c . e x e .
+ > . / d a _ u p d a t e _ b c . e x e
+
+ A t t h i s s t a g e , y o u s h o u l d h a v e t h e f i l e s w r f v a r _ o u t p u t a n d w r f b d y _ d 0 1 i n y o u r W R F D A w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y . T h e y a r e t h e W R F D A u p d a t e d i n i t i a l c o n d i t i o n a n d b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n f o r a n y s u b s e q u e n t W R F m o d e l r u n s . T o u s e , l i n k a c o p y o f w r f v a r _ o u t p u t a n d w r f b d y _ d 0 1 t o w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 a n d w r f b d y _ d 0 1 , r e s p e c t i v e l y , i n y o u r W R F w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y .
+
+ I f y o u a c t i v a t e t h e v a r 4 d _ l b c o p t i o n i n a W R F 4 D - V a r r u n , y o u s h o u l d a l s o c o p y / l i n k t h e a n a 0 2 f
i l e f r o m t h e W R F D A w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y t o t h e d a _ u p d a t e _ b c w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y a n d s e t t h e v a r 4 d _ l b c v a r i a b l e t o T R U E i n p a r a m . i n .
+
+ S t a r t i n g w i t h V 3 . 2 , s o m e c h a n g e s w e r e m a d e t o d a _ u p d a t e _ b c t o a d d r e s s s o m e i s s u e s r e l a t e d t o s e a - i c e a n d s n o w c h a n g e d u r i n g c y c l i n g r u n s , a n d r a d i a n c e d a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n . T h e n e w s e t t i n g s i n p a r a m e . i n a r e i n t r o d u c e d a s f o l l o w s :
+
+ N o t e : f o r b a c k w a r d c o m p a t i b i l i t y , t h e p r e - V 3 . 2 p a r a m e . i n , m e n t i o n e d a b o v e , s t i l l w o r k s w i t h V 3 . 2 + d a _ u p d a t e _ b c .
+
+ & c o n t r o l _ p a r a m
+ d a
_ f i l e = ' . . / t u t o r i a l / w r f v a r _ o u t p u t '
+ d a _ f i l e _ 0 2 = . / a n a 0 2
+ w r f _ b d y _ f i l e = ' . / w r f b d y _ d 0 1 '
+ w r f _ i n p u t = ' $ D A T _ D I R / r c / 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 '
+ d o m a i n _ i d = 1
+ d e b u g = . t r u e .
+ u p d a t e _ l a t e r a l _ b d y = . t r u e .
+ u p d a t e _ l o w _ b d y = . t r u e .
+ u p d a t e _ l s m = . f a l s e .
+ i s w a t e r = 1 6
+ v a r 4 d _ l b c = . f a l s e .
+ /
+
+ u p d a t e _ l a t e r a l _ b d y i s r e q u i r e d o n l y f o r d o m a i n 1 .
+ u p d a t e _ l o w _ b d y i s n e e d e d f o r a l l d o m a i n s i f r u n n i n g i n c y c l i n
g m o d e .
+ i s w a t e r ( w a t e r p o i n t i n d e x ) i s 1 6 f o r U S G S L A N D U S E a n d 1 7 f o r M O D I S L A N D U S E .
+
+ I f i n c y c l i n g m o d e ( e s p e c i a l l y i f y o u a r e d o i n g r a d i a n c e d a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n a n d t h e r e a r e S E A I C E a n d S N O W i n y o u r d o m a i n ) , i t i s r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t b e f o r e y o u r u n W R F D A , y o u r u n d a _ u p d a t e _ b c . e x e w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s :
+
+ u p d a t e _ l a t e r a l _ b d y = . f a l s e .
+ u p d a t e _ l o w _ b d y = . t r u e .
+
+ T h i s c r e a t e s a l o w e r - b o u n d a r y u p d a t e d f i r s t g u e s s ( d a _ f i l e w i l l b e o v e r w r i t t e n b y d a _ u p d a t e _ b c ) . T h e n , a f t e r W R F D
A h a s f i n i s h e d , r u n d a _ u p d a t e _ b c . e x e a g a i n w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s :
+
+ u p d a t e _ l a t e r a l _ b d y = . t r u e .
+ u p d a t e _ l o w _ b d y = . f a l s e .
+
+ T h i s u p d a t e s t h e l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s ( w r f _ b d y _ f i l e w i l l b e o v e r w r i t t e n b y d a _ u p d a t e _ b c ) .
+
+
+ R u n n i n g g e n _ b e
+ S t a r t i n g w i t h W R F D A v e r s i o n 3 . 1 , u s e r s h a v e t h r e e c h o i c e s t o d e f i n e t h e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e ( B E ) . W e c a l l t h e m C V 3 , C V 5 , a n d C V 6 . W i t h C V 3 a n d C V 5 , t h e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s a r e a p p l i e d t o t h e s a m e s e t o f t h e c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e s , s t
r e a m f u n c t i o n , u n b a l a n c e d p o t e n t i a l v e l o c i t y , u n b a l a n c e d t e m p e r a t u r e , u n b a l a n c e d s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e , a n d p s e u d o - r e l a t i v e - h u m i d i t y . H o w e v e r , f o r C V 6 t h e m o i s t u r e c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e i s t h e u n b a l a n c e d p a r t o f p s e u d o - r e l a t i v e - h u m i d i t y . W i t h C V 3 , t h e c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e s a r e i n p h y s i c a l s p a c e w h i l e w i t h C V 5 a n d C V 6 , t h e c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e s a r e i n e i g e n v e c t o r s p a c e . T h e m a j o r d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e s e t w o k i n d s o f B E i s t h e v e r t i c a l c o v a r i a n c e ; C V 3 u s e s t h e v e r t i c a l r e c u r s i v e f i l t e r t o m o d e l t h e v e r t i c a l
c o v a r i a n c e b u t C V 5 a n d C V 6 u s e a n e m p i r i c a l o r t h o g o n a l f u n c t i o n ( E O F ) t o r e p r e s e n t t h e v e r t i c a l c o v a r i a n c e . T h e r e c u r s i v e f i l t e r s t o m o d e l t h e h o r i z o n t a l c o v a r i a n c e a r e a l s o d i f f e r e n t w i t h t h e s e B E s . W e h a v e n o t c o n d u c t e d t h e s y s t e m a t i c c o m p a r i s o n o f t h e a n a l y s e s b a s e d o n t h e s e B E s . H o w e v e r , C V 3 ( a B E f i l e p r o v i d e d w i t h o u r W R F D A s y s t e m ) i s a g l o b a l B E a n d c a n b e u s e d f o r a n y r e g i o n a l d o m a i n , w h i l e C V 5 a n d C V 6 B E s a r e d o m a i n - d e p e n d e n t , w h i c h s h o u l d b e g e n e r a t e d b a s e d o n t h e f o r e c a s t d a t a f
r o m t h e s a m e d o m a i n . A t t h i s t i m e , i t i s h a r d t o t e l l w h i c h B E i s b e t t e r ; t h e i m p a c t o n a n a l y s i s m a y v a r y f r o m c a s e t o c a s e .
+
+ C V 3 i s t h e N C E P b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e . I t i s e s t i m a t e d i n g r i d s p a c e b y w h a t h a s b e c o m e k n o w n a s t h e N M C m e t h o d ( P a r r i s h a n d D e r b e r 1 9 9 2 ) . T h e s t a t i s t i c s a r e e s t i m a t e d w i t h t h e d i f f e r e n c e s o f 2 4 a n d 4 8 - h o u r G F S f o r e c a s t s w i t h T 1 7 0 r e s o l u t i o n , v a l i d a t t h e s a m e t i m e f o r 3 5 7 c a s e s , d i s t r i b u t e d o v e r a p e r i o d o f o n e y e a r . B o t h t h e a m p l i t u d e s a n d t h e s c a l e s o f t h
e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r h a v e t o b e t u n e d t o r e p r e s e n t t h e f o r e c a s t e r r o r i n t h e e s t i m a t e d f i e l d s . T h e s t a t i s t i c s t h a t p r o j e c t m u l t i v a r i a t e r e l a t i o n s a m o n g v a r i a b l e s a r e a l s o d e r i v e d f r o m t h e N M C m e t h o d .
+
+ T h e v a r i a n c e o f e a c h v a r i a b l e , a n d t h e v a r i a n c e o f i t s s e c o n d d e r i v a t i v e , a r e u s e d t o e s t i m a t e i t s h o r i z o n t a l s c a l e s . F o r e x a m p l e , t h e h o r i z o n t a l s c a l e s o f t h e s t r e a m f u n c t i o n c a n b e e s t i m a t e d f r o m t h e v a r i a n c e o f t h e v o r t i c i t y a n d s t r e a m f u n c t i o n .
+
+ T h e v e r t i c a l s c a l e s a r e e s t i m a t e d w i t h t h e v
e r t i c a l c o r r e l a t i o n o f e a c h v a r i a b l e . A t a b l e i s b u i l t t o c o v e r t h e r a n g e o f v e r t i c a l s c a l e s f o r t h e v a r i a b l e s . T h e t a b l e i s t h e n u s e d t o f i n d t h e s c a l e s i n v e r t i c a l g r i d u n i t s . T h e f i l t e r p r o f i l e a n d t h e v e r t i c a l c o r r e l a t i o n a r e f i t t e d l o c a l l y . T h e s c a l e o f t h e b e s t f i t f r o m t h e t a b l e i s a s s i g n e d a s t h e s c a l e o f t h e v a r i a b l e a t t h a t v e r t i c a l l e v e l f o r e a c h l a t i t u d e . N o t e t h a t t h e v e r t i c a l s c a l e s a r e l o c a l l y d e f i n e d s o t h a t t h e n e g a t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n f u r t h e r a w a y , i n t h e v e r t i c a l d i r e c t i o n ,
i s n o t i n c l u d e d .
+
+ T h e o r e t i c a l l y , C V 3 B E i s a g e n e r i c b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f i l e , w h i c h c a n b e u s e d f o r a n y c a s e . I t i s q u i t e s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d t o u s e C V 3 i n y o u r o w n c a s e . T o u s e t h e C V 3 B E f i l e i n y o u r c a s e , s e t c v _ o p t i o n s = 3 i n & w r f v a r 7 i n n a m e l i s t . i n p u t i n y o u r w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y , a n d u s e t h e b e . d a t i s l o c a t e d i n W R F D A / v a r / r u n / b e . d a t . c v 3 .
+
+ T o u s e C V 5 o r C V 6 b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e , i t i s n e c e s s a r y t o g e n e r a t e y o u r d o m a i n - s p e c i f i c b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s w i t h t h e g e n _ b e u t i l
i t y . T h e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f i l e , s u p p l i e d w i t h t h e t u t o r i a l t e s t c a s e , c a n N O T b e u s e d f o r y o u r a p p l i c a t i o n s .
+
+ T h e F o r t r a n m a i n p r o g r a m s f o r g e n _ b e c a n b e f o u n d i n W R F D A / v a r / g e n _ b e . T h e e x e c u t a b l e s o f g e n _ b e s h o u l d h a v e b e e n c r e a t e d w h e n y o u c o m p i l e d t h e W R F D A c o d e ( a s d e s c r i b e d e a r l i e r ) . T h e s c r i p t s t o r u n t h e s e c o d e s a r e i n W R F D A / v a r / s c r i p t s / g e n _ b e .
+
+ T h e i n p u t d a t a f o r g e n _ b e a r e W R F f o r e c a s t s , w h i c h a r e u s e d t o g e n e r a t e m o d e l p e r t u r b a t i o n s , u s e d a s a p r o x y f o r e s t i m a t e s o f
f o r e c a s t e r r o r . F o r t h e N M C - m e t h o d , t h e m o d e l p e r t u r b a t i o n s a r e d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n f o r e c a s t s ( e . g . T + 2 4 m i n u s T + 1 2 i s t y p i c a l f o r r e g i o n a l a p p l i c a t i o n s , T + 4 8 m i n u s T + 2 4 f o r g l o b a l ) v a l i d a t t h e s a m e t i m e . C l i m a t o l o g i c a l e s t i m a t e s o f b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r m a y t h e n b e o b t a i n e d b y a v e r a g i n g t h e s e f o r e c a s t d i f f e r e n c e s o v e r a p e r i o d o f t i m e ( e . g . o n e m o n t h ) . G i v e n i n p u t f r o m a n e n s e m b l e p r e d i c t i o n s y s t e m ( E P S ) , t h e i n p u t s a r e t h e e n s e m b l e f o r e c a s t s , a n d t h e m o d e l p e r t u r b a t i o n s c r e a t e d a r e t h e t r a n s
f o r m e d e n s e m b l e p e r t u r b a t i o n s . T h e g e n _ b e c o d e h a s b e e n d e s i g n e d t o w o r k w i t h e i t h e r f o r e c a s t d i f f e r e n c e o r e n s e m b l e - b a s e d p e r t u r b a t i o n s . T h e f o r m e r i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n t h i s t u t o r i a l e x a m p l e .
+
+ I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o i n c l u d e f o r e c a s t d i f f e r e n c e s , f r o m a t l e a s t 0 0 Z a n d 1 2 Z t h r o u g h t h e p e r i o d , t o r e m o v e t h e d i u r n a l c y c l e ( i . e . d o n o t r u n g e n _ b e u s i n g j u s t 0 0 Z o r 1 2 Z m o d e l p e r t u r b a t i o n s a l o n e ) .
+
+ T h e i n p u t s t o g e n _ b e a r e n e t C D F W R F f o r e c a s t o u t p u t ( " w r f o u t " ) f i l e s a t s p e c i f i e d f o r e c a s t r a n g e s .
T o a v o i d u n n e c e s s a r y l a r g e s i n g l e d a t a f i l e s , i t i s a s s u m e d t h a t a l l f o r e c a s t r a n g e s a r e o u t p u t t o s e p a r a t e f i l e s . F o r e x a m p l e , i f w e w i s h t o c a l c u l a t e B E s t a t i s t i c s u s i n g t h e N M C - m e t h o d w i t h ( T + 2 4 ) - ( T + 1 2 ) f o r e c a s t d i f f e r e n c e s ( d e f a u l t f o r r e g i o n a l ) t h e n b y s e t t i n g t h e W R F n a m e l i s t . i n p u t o p t i o n s h i s t o r y _ i n t e r v a l = 7 2 0 , a n d f r a m e s _ p e r _ o u t f i l e = 1 w e g e t t h e n e c e s s a r y o u t p u t d a t a s e t s . T h e n t h e f o r e c a s t o u t p u t f i l e s s h o u l d b e a r r a n g e d a s f o l l o w s : d i r e c t o r y n a m e i s t h e f o r e c a s t i n i t i a l t i m e , t i m e
i n f o i n t h e f i l e n a m e i s t h e f o r e c a s t v a l i d t i m e . 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 6 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 m e a n s a 1 2 - h o u r f o r e c a s t v a l i d a t 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 6 0 0 , i n i t i a l i z e d a t 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 .
+
+ E x a m p l e d a t a s e t f o r a t e s t c a s e ( 9 0 x 6 0 x 4 1 g r i d p o i n t s ) c a n b e d o w n l o a d e d f r o m H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t e s t d a t a . h t m l . U n t a r t h e g e n _ b e _ f o r e c a s t s _ 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 . t a r . g z f i l e . Y o u w i l l h a v e :
+
+ > l s $ F C _ D I R
+
+ - r w - r - - r - - 1
u s e r s 1 1 5 5 6 4 9 2 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 6 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0
+ - r w - r - - r - - 1 u s e r s 1 1 5 5 6 4 9 2 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 6 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0
+ - r w - r - - r - - 1 u s e r s 1 1 5 5 6 4 9 2 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 6 0 0 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 6 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0
+ - r w - r - - r - - 1 u s e r s 1 1 5 5 6 4 9 2 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 6 0 0 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 7 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0
+ - r w - r - - r - - 1 u s e r s 1 1 5 5 6 4 9 2 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 6 1 2 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 7 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0
+ - r w - r - - r - - 1 u s e r s 1 1 5 5 6 4 9 2 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 6 1 2 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 8 - 0 2 - 0 7 _ 1 2 : 0 0 : 0 0
+
+ I n t h e a b o v e e x a m p l e , o n l y 1 d a y ( 1 2 Z 0 5 F e b t o 1 2 Z 0 6 F e b . 2 0
0 2 ) o f f o r e c a s t s , e v e r y 1 2 h o u r s i s s u p p l i e d t o g e n _ b e _ w r a p p e r t o e s t i m a t e f o r e c a s t e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e . I t i s o n l y f o r d e m o n s t r a t i o n . T h e m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f f o r e c a s t s r e q u i r e d d e p e n d s o n t h e a p p l i c a t i o n , n u m b e r o f g r i d p o i n t s , e t c . M o n t h - l o n g ( o r l o n g e r ) d a t a s e t s a r e t y p i c a l f o r t h e N M C - m e t h o d . G e n e r a l l y , a t l e a s t a 1 - m o n t h d a t a s e t s h o u l d b e u s e d .
+
+ U n d e r W R F D A / v a r / s c r i p t s / g e n _ b e , g e n _ b e _ w r a p p e r . k s h i s u s e d t o g e n e r a t e t h e B E d a t a . T h e f o l l o w i n g v a r i a b l e s n e e d t o b e s e t t o f i t y o u r c a s e :
+
+ e x
p o r t W R F V A R _ D I R = / u s e r s / n o n a m e / w o r k / c o d e / t r u n k / p h o e n i x _ g 9 5 _ o p t / W R F D A
+ e x p o r t S T A R T _ D A T E = 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 6 1 2 # t h e f i r s t p e r t u r b a t i o n v a l i d d a t e
+ e x p o r t E N D _ D A T E = 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 7 0 0 # t h e l a s t p e r t u r b a t i o n v a l i d d a t e
+ e x p o r t N U M _ L E V E L S = 4 0 # e _ v e r t - 1
+ e x p o r t B I N _ T Y P E = 5
+ e x p o r t F C _ D I R = / u s e r s / n o n a m e / w o r k / e x p s / f r i e n d l i e s / e x p t / f c # w h e r e w r f f o r e c a s t s a r e
+ e x p o r t R U N _ D I R = / u s e r s / n o n a m e / w o r k / e x p s / f r i e n d l i e s / g e n _ b e $ { B I N _ T Y P E }
+
+ N o t e : T h e S T A R T _ D A T E a n d E N D _ D A T E a r e p e r t u r b a t i o n v a l i d d a t e s . A s s h o w n i n t h e
f o r e c a s t l i s t a b o v e , w h e n y o u h a v e 2 4 - h o u r a n d 1 2 - h o u r f o r e c a s t s i n i t i a l i z e d a t 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 5 1 2 , t h r o u g h 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 6 1 2 , t h e f i r s t a n d f i n a l f o r e c a s t d i f f e r e n c e v a l i d d a t e s a r e 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 6 1 2 a n d 2 0 0 8 0 2 0 7 0 0 , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
+
+ N o t e : T h e f o r e c a s t d a t a s e t s h o u l d b e l o c a t e d i n $ F C _ D I R . T h e n t y p e :
+
+ > g e n _ b e _ w r a p p e r . k s h
+
+ O n c e t h e g e n _ b e _ w r a p p e r . k s h r u n i s c o m p l e t e d , t h e b e . d a t c a n b e f o u n d u n d e r t h e $ R U N _ D I R d i r e c t o r y .
+
+ T o g e t a c l e a r i d e a a b o u t w h a t i s i n c l u d e d i n b e . d a t , t h e s c r i p t g e n _ b e _ p l o t _ w r a p p e r . k
s h m a y b e u s e d . T h i s p l o t s v a r i o u s d a t a i n b e . d a t ; f o r e x a m p l e :
+
+ A d d i t i o n a l W R F D A E x e r c i s e s :
+ a . S i n g l e O b s e r v a t i o n r e s p o n s e i n W R F D A :
+ W i t h t h e s i n g l e o b s e r v a t i o n t e s t , y o u m a y g e t s o m e i d e a s o f h o w t h e b a c k g r o u n d a n d o b s e r v a t i o n e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s w o r k i n t h e m o d e l v a r i a b l e s p a c e . A s i n g l e o b s e r v a t i o n t e s t i s d o n e i n W R F D A b y s e t t i n g n u m _ p s e u d o = 1 , a l o n g w i t h o t h e r p r e - s p e c i f i e d v a l u e s i n r e c o r d & w r f v a r 1 5 a n d & w r f v a r 1 9 o f n a m e l i s t . i n p u t ,
+ W i t h t h e s e t t i n g s s h o w n b e l o w , W R F D A g e n e r a
t e s a s i n g l e o b s e r v a t i o n w i t h a p r e - s p e c i f i e d i n n o v a t i o n ( O b s e r v a t i o n F i r s t G u e s s ) v a l u e a t t h e d e s i r e d l o c a t i o n ; e . g . a t ( i n t e r m s o f g r i d c o o r d i n a t e ) 2 3 x 2 3 , l e v e l 1 4 f o r U o b s e r v a t i o n w i t h e r r o r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s 1 m / s , a n d i n n o v a t i o n s i z e = 1 . 0 m / s .
+ & w r f v a r 1 5
+ n u m _ p s e u d o = 1 ,
+ p s e u d o _ x = 2 3 . 0 ,
+ p s e u d o _ y = 2 3 . 0 ,
+ p s e u d o _ z = 1 4 . 0 ,
+ p s e u d o _ e r r = 1 . 0 ,
+ p s e u d o _ v a l = 1 . 0 ,
+ /
+ & w r f v a r 1 9
+ p s e u d o _ v a r = u , ( N o t e : p s e u d o _ v a r c a n b e u , v , t , p , q . I f p s e u d o _ v a r i s q , t h e n t h e r e a s o n a b l e v a l u e
s o f p s e u d o _ e r r a n d p s e u d o _ v a l a r e 0 . 0 0 1 )
+ /
+ N o t e : Y o u m a y w i s h t o r e p e a t t h i s e x e r c i s e f o r o t h e r o b s e r v a t i o n s , l i k e t e m p e r a t u r e t , p r e s s u r e p , s p e c i f i c h u m i d i t y q , a n d s o o n .
+ b . R e s p o n s e o f B E l e n g t h s c a l i n g p a r a m e t e r :
+ R u n t h e s i n g l e o b s e r v a t i o n t e s t w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g a d d i t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s i n r e c o r d & w r f v a r 7 o f n a m e l i s t . i n p u t .
+ & w r f v a r 7
+ l e n _ s c a l i n g 1 = 0 . 5 , # r e d u c e p s i l e n g t h s c a l e b y 5 0 %
+ l e n _ s c a l i n g 2 = 0 . 5 , # r e d u c e c h i _ u l e n g t h s c a l e b y 5 0 %
+ l e n _ s c a l i n g 3 = 0 . 5 , # r e d u c e T l e
n g t h s c a l e b y 5 0 %
+ l e n _ s c a l i n g 4 = 0 . 5 , # r e d u c e q l e n g t h s c a l e b y 5 0 %
+ l e n _ s c a l i n g 5 = 0 . 5 , # r e d u c e P s l e n g t h s c a l e b y 5 0 %
+ /
+ N o t e : Y o u m a y w i s h t o t r y t h e r e s p o n s e o f a n i n d i v i d u a l v a r i a b l e b y s e t t i n g o n e p a r a m e t e r a t a t i m e . N o t e t h e s p r e a d o f a n a l y s i s i n c r e m e n t .
+ c . R e s p o n s e o f c h a n g i n g B E v a r i a n c e :
+ R u n t h e s i n g l e o b s e r v a t i o n t e s t w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g a d d i t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s i n r e c o r d & w r f v a r 7 o f n a m e l i s t . i n p u t .
+ & w r f v a r 7
+ v a r _ s c a l i n g 1 = 0 . 2 5 , # r e d u c e p s i v a r i a n c e b y 7 5 %
+ v a r _ s c a l i n g 2
= 0 . 2 5 , # r e d u c e c h i _ u v a r i a n c e b y 7 5 %
+ v a r _ s c a l i n g 3 = 0 . 2 5 , # r e d u c e T v a r i a n c e b y 7 5 %
+ v a r _ s c a l i n g 4 = 0 . 2 5 , # r e d u c e q v a r i a n c e b y 7 5 %
+ v a r _ s c a l i n g 5 = 0 . 2 5 , # r e d u c e P s v a r i a n c e b y 7 5 %
+ /
+ N o t e : Y o u m a y w i s h t o t r y t h e r e s p o n s e o f i n d i v i d u a l v a r i a b l e b y s e t t i n g o n e p a r a m e t e r a t a t i m e . N o t e t h e m a g n i t u d e o f a n a l y s i s i n c r e m e n t s .
+ d . R e s p o n s e o f c o n v e r g e n c e c r i t e r i a :
+ R u n t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e w i t h
+ & w r f v a r 6
+ e p s = 0 . 0 0 0 1 ,
+ /
+ Y o u m a y w i s h t o c o m p a r e v a r i o u s d i a g n o s t i c s w i t h a n e a r l i e r r u
n .
+ e . R e s p o n s e o f o u t e r l o o p o n m i n i m i z a t i o n :
+ R u n t h e t u t o r i a l c a s e w i t h
+ & w r f v a r 6
+ m a x _ e x t _ i t s = 2 ,
+ /
+ W i t h t h i s s e t t i n g , t h e o u t e r l o o p f o r t h e m i n i m i z a t i o n p r o c e d u r e w i l l b e a c t i v a t e d . Y o u m a y w i s h t o c o m p a r e v a r i o u s d i a g n o s t i c s w i t h a n e a r l i e r r u n .
+ N o t e : T h e M a x i m u m p e r m i s s i b l e v a l u e f o r M A X _ E X T _ I T S i s 1 0 .
+ f . R e s p o n s e o f s u p p r e s s i n g p a r t i c u l a r t y p e s o f d a t a i n W R F D A :
+ T h e t y p e s o f o b s e r v a t i o n s t h a t W R F D A g e t s t o u s e a c t u a l l y d e p e n d o n w h a t i s i n c l u d e d i n t h e o b s e r v a t i o n
f i l e a n d t h e W R F D A n a m e l i s t s e t t i n g s . F o r e x a m p l e , i f y o u h a v e S Y N O P d a t a i n t h e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e , y o u c a n s u p p r e s s i t s u s a g e i n W R F D A b y s e t t i n g u s e _ s y n o p o b s = f a l s e i n r e c o r d & w r f v a r 4 o f n a m e l i s t . i n p u t . I t i s O K i f t h e r e a r e n o S Y N O P d a t a i n t h e o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e a n d u s e _ s y n o p o b s = t r u e .
+ T u r n i n g o n a n d o f f c e r t a i n t y p e s o f o b s e r v a t i o n s i s w i d e l y u s e d f o r a s s e s s i n g t h e i m p a c t o f o b s e r v a t i o n s o n d a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n s .
+ N o t e : I t i s i m p o r t a n t t o g o t h r o u g h t h e d e f a u l t u s e _ * s e t t i n g s i n r e c o r d &
; w r f v a r 4 i n W R F D A / R e g i s t r y / R e g i s t r y . w r f v a r t o k n o w w h a t o b s e r v a t i o n s a r e a c t i v a t e d i n d e f a u l t .
+
+ W R F D A w i t h M u l t i v a r i a t e B a c k g r o u n d E r r o r ( M B E ) S t a t i s t i c s
+ A n e w c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e o p t i o n t o i m p l e m e n t m u l t i v a r i a t e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r ( M B E ) s t a t i s t i c s i n W R F D A h a s b e e n i n t r o d u c e d . I t m a y b e a c t i v a t e d b y s e t t i n g t h e n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e c v _ o p t i o n s = 6 . T h i s o p t i o n i n t r o d u c e s s i x a d d i t i o n a l c o r r e l a t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s i n t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f t h e b a l a n c e d p a r t o f a n a l y s i s c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e s . T h u s w i t h t h i s i m p l
e m e n t a t i o n , m o i s t u r e a n a l y s i s i s m u l t i v a r i a t e , i n t h e s e n s e t h a t t e m p e r a t u r e a n d w i n d m a y l e a d t o m o i s t u r e i n c r e m e n t s , a n d v i s e - v e r s a . T h e g e n _ b e u t i l i t y h a s a l s o b e e n u p d a t e d t o c o m p u t e t h e d e s i r e d M B E s t a t i s t i c s r e q u i r e d f o r t h i s o p t i o n . T h e u p d a t e s i n c l u d e b a s i c s o u r c e c o d e , s c r i p t s , a n d g r a p h i c s t o d i s p l a y s o m e i m p o r t a n t d i a g n o s t i c s a b o u t M B E s t a t i s t i c s . F u r t h e r d e t a i l s m a y b e s e e n a t :
+ H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p s : / / w i k i . u c a r . e d u / d o w n l o a d / a t t a c h m e n t s / 6 0 6 2 2 4 7 7 / W R F D A _ _ u p d a t e _ f o r _ c v 6 . p d f " h t t
p s : / / w i k i . u c a r . e d u / d o w n l o a d / a t t a c h m e n t s / 6 0 6 2 2 4 7 7 / W R F D A _ _ u p d a t e _ f o r _ c v 6 . p d f
+ a . H o w t o g e n e r a t e m u l t i v a r i a t e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f o r W R F D A
+ M u l t i v a r i a t e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f o r W R F D A i s g e n e r a t e d b y e x e c u t i n g a t o p - l e v e l s c r i p t , g e n _ b e / w r a p p e r _ g e n _ b e _ g s i . k s h , r e s i d i n g u n d e r S C R I P T S _ D I R v i a a s u i t a b l e w r a p p e r s c r i p t . T h e r e s t o f t h e p r o c e d u r e r e m a i n s t h e s a m e a s w i t h n o r m a l r u n n i n g o f t h e g e n _ b e u t i l i t y . A s u c c e s s f u l r u n w i l l c r e a t e a b e . d a t f i l e i n t h e R U N _ D I R d i r e c t o r y .
+ b
. H o w t o r u n W R F D A w i t h m u l t i v a r i a t e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s
+ A f t e r s u c c e s s f u l l y g e n e r a t i n g m u l t i v a r i a t e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s f i l e b e . d a t , t h e p r o c e d u r e f o r r u n n i n g W R F D A i s s t r a i g h t - f o r w a r d . I f W R F D A i s r u n t h r o u g h t h e w r a p p e r s c r i p t , s u i t a b l y d e c l a r e t h e n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e N L _ C V _ O P T I O N S = 6 i n t h e w r a p p e r s c r i p t . I f W R F D A i s r u n d i r e c t l y ( b y e x e c u t i n g d a _ w r f v a r . e x e ) , t h e n i n c l u d e c v _ o p t i o n s = 6 i n t h e n a m e l i s t . i n p u t f i l e u n d e r t h e & w r f v a r 7 l i s t o f n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s .
+ c . H o w t o t u n
e m u l t i v a r i a t e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s i n r u n n i n g W R F D A
+ B e l o w i s a l i s t o f n i n e t u n i n g p a r a m e t e r s a v a i l a b l e i n W R F D A . D e f a u l t v a l u e s f o r t h e s e v a r i a b l e s a r e s e t a s 1 . 0 . S e t t i n g c o r r e s p o n d i n g v a l u e s > 1 . 0 ( < 1 . 0 ) w i l l i n c r e a s e ( d e c r e a s e ) t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g c o n t r i b u t i o n s a s d e s c r i b e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g T a b l e :
+ V a r i a b l e n a m e D e s c r i p t i o n p s i _ c h i _ f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t r i b u t i o n o f s t r e a m f u n c t i o n i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f v e l o c i t y p o t e n t i a l p s i _ t _
f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t r i b u t i o n o f s t r e a m f u n c t i o n i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f t e m p e r a t u r e p s i _ p s _ f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t r i b u t i o n o f s t r e a m f u n c t i o n i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e p s i _ r h _ f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t r i b u t i o n o f s t r e a m f u n c t i o n i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f m o i s t u r e c h i _ u _ t _ f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t r i b u t i o n o f u n b a l a n c e d p a r t o f v e l o c i t y p o t e n t i a l i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f t e m p e r a t u r e c h i _ u _ p s _ f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t
r i b u t i o n o f u n b a l a n c e d p a r t o f v e l o c i t y p o t e n t i a l i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e c h i _ u _ r h _ f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t r i b u t i o n o f u n b a l a n c e d p a r t o f v e l o c i t y p o t e n t i a l i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f m o i s t u r e t _ u _ r h _ f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t r i b u t i o n o f u n b a l a n c e d p a r t o f t e m p e r a t u r e i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f m o i s t u r e p s _ u _ r h _ f a c t o r P a r a m e t e r t o c o n t r o l c o n t r i b u t i o n o f u n b a l a n c e d p a r t o f s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e i n d e f i n i n g b a l a n c e d p a r t o f m o i s t u r e W R F D A D i a g n o s t i c s
+
W R F D A p r o d u c e s a n u m b e r o f d i a g n o s t i c f i l e s t h a t c o n t a i n u s e f u l i n f o r m a t i o n o n h o w t h e d a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n h a s p e r f o r m e d . T h i s s e c t i o n w i l l i n t r o d u c e y o u t o s o m e o f t h e s e f i l e s , a n d w h a t t o l o o k f o r .
+ A f t e r r u n n i n g W R F D A , i t i s i m p o r t a n t t o c h e c k a n u m b e r o f o u t p u t f i l e s t o s e e i f t h e a s s i m i l a t i o n a p p e a r s s e n s i b l e . T h e W R F D A T o o l s p a c k a g e , w h i c h i n c l u d e s s e v e r a l u s e f u l s c r i p t s , m a y b e d o w n l o a d e d f r o m H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t o o l s . h t m l " h t t p : / / w w w . m m
m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / d o w n l o a d / t o o l s . h t m l
+ T h e c o n t e n t o f s o m e u s e f u l d i a g n o s t i c f i l e s a r e a s f o l l o w s :
+ c o s t _ f n a n d g r a d _ f n : T h e s e f i l e s h o l d ( i n A S C I I f o r m a t ) W R F D A c o s t a n d g r a d i e n t f u n c t i o n v a l u e s , r e s p e c t i v e l y , f o r t h e f i r s t a n d l a s t i t e r a t i o n s . I f y o u r u n w i t h P R I N T _ D E T A I L _ G R A D = t r u e , h o w e v e r , t h e s e v a l u e s w i l l b e l i s t e d f o r e a c h i t e r a t i o n ; t h i s c a n b e h e l p f u l f o r v i s u a l i z a t i o n p u r p o s e s . T h e N C L s c r i p t $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l / p l o t _ c o s t _ g r a d _ f n . n c l m a y b e u s e d t o p l o t t h e c o n t e
n t o f c o s t _ f n a n d g r a d _ f n , i f t h e s e f i l e s a r e g e n e r a t e d w i t h P R I N T _ D E T A I L _ G R A D = t r u e .
+ N o t e : M a k e s u r e t h a t y o u r e m o v e t h e f i r s t t w o l i n e s ( h e a d e r ) i n c o s t _ f n a n d g r a d _ f n b e f o r e y o u p l o t . Y o u a l s o n e e d t o s p e c i f y t h e d i r e c t o r y n a m e f o r t h e s e t w o f i l e s .
+ g t s _ o m b _ o m a _ 0 1 : I t c o n t a i n s ( i n A S C I I f o r m a t ) i n f o r m a t i o n o n a l l o f t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s u s e d b y t h e W R F D A r u n . E a c h o b s e r v a t i o n h a s i t s o b s e r v e d v a l u e , q u a l i t y f l a g , o b s e r v a t i o n e r r o r , o b s e r v a t i o n m i n u s b a c k g r o u n d ( O M B ) , a n d o b s e r v a t i o n m i
n u s a n a l y s i s ( O M A ) . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s v e r y u s e f u l f o r b o t h a n a l y s i s a n d f o r e c a s t v e r i f i c a t i o n p u r p o s e s .
+ n a m e l i s t . i n p u t : T h i s i s t h e W R F D A i n p u t n a m e l i s t f i l e , w h i c h c o n t a i n s a l l t h e u s e r - d e f i n e d n o n - d e f a u l t o p t i o n s . A n y n a m e l i s t - d e f i n e d o p t i o n s t h a t d o n o t a p p e a r i n t h i s f i l e s h o u l d h a v e t h e i r n a m e s c h e c k e d a g a i n s t t h e v a l u e s i n $ W R F D A _ D I R / R e g i s t r y / R e g i s t r y . w r f v a r .
+ n a m e l i s t . o u t p u t : A c o n s o l i d a t e d l i s t o f a l l t h e n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s u s e d .
+ r s l * : F i l e s c o n t a i n i n g i n f o r m a t i o n f o r s t a n
d a r d W R F D A o u t p u t f r o m i n d i v i d u a l p r o c e s s o r s w h e n m u l t i p l e p r o c e s s o r s a r e u s e d . I t c o n t a i n s a h o s t o f i n f o r m a t i o n o n a n u m b e r o f o b s e r v a t i o n s , m i n i m i z a t i o n , t i m i n g s , e t c . A d d i t i o n a l d i a g n o s t i c s m a y b e p r i n t e d i n t h e s e f i l e s b y i n c l u d i n g v a r i o u s p r i n t W R F D A n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s . T o l e a r n m o r e a b o u t t h e s e a d d i t i o n a l p r i n t o p t i o n s , s e a r c h f o r t h e p r i n t _ s t r i n g i n $ W R F D A _ D I R / R e g i s t r y / R e g i s t r y . w r f v a r .
+ s t a t i s t i c s : T e x t f i l e c o n t a i n i n g O M B ( O I ) a n d O M A ( O A ) s t a t i s t i c s ( m i n i m u m , m a x i m u m , m e a n a n
d s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n ) f o r e a c h o b s e r v a t i o n t y p e a n d v a r i a b l e . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s v e r y u s e f u l i n d i a g n o s i n g h o w W R F D A h a s u s e d d i f f e r e n t c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e o b s e r v i n g s y s t e m . A l s o c o n t a i n e d a r e t h e a n a l y s i s m i n u s b a c k g r o u n d ( A - B ) s t a t i s t i c s , i . e . s t a t i s t i c s o f t h e a n a l y s i s i n c r e m e n t s f o r e a c h m o d e l v a r i a b l e a t e a c h m o d e l l e v e l . T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s v e r y u s e f u l i n c h e c k i n g t h e r a n g e o f a n a l y s i s i n c r e m e n t v a l u e s f o u n d i n t h e a n a l y s i s , a n d w h e r e t h e y a r e i n t h e W R F - m o d e l g r i d s p a c e .
+ T h e W R F D A a n
a l y s i s f i l e i s w r f v a r _ o u t p u t . I t i s i n W R F ( n e t C D F ) f o r m a t . I t w i l l b e c o m e t h e i n p u t f i l e w r f i n p u t _ d 0 1 o f a n y s u b s e q u e n t W R F r u n a f t e r l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y a n d / o r l o w e r b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s a r e u p d a t e d b y a n o t h e r W R F D A u t i l i t y ( S e e t h e s e c t i o n H Y P E R L I N K \ l " _ U p d a t i n g _ W R F _ B o u n d a r y " U p d a t i n g W R F b o u n d a r y c o n d i t i o n s ) .
+ A n N C L s c r i p t , $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l / W R F - V a r _ p l o t . n c l , i s p r o v i d e d f o r p l o t t i n g . Y o u n e e d t o s p e c i f y t h e a n a l s y i s _ f i l e n a m e , i t s f u l l p a t h , e t c . P l e a s e s e e t h e i n - l i
n e c o m m e n t s i n t h e s c r i p t f o r d e t a i l s .
+ A s a n e x a m p l e , i f y o u a r e a i m i n g t o d i s p l a y t h e U - c o m p o n e n t o f t h e a n a l y s i s a t l e v e l 1 8 , e x e c u t e t h e f o l l o w i n g c o m m a n d a f t e r m o d i f y i n g t h e s c r i p t W R F D A / v a r / g r a p h c s / n c l / W R F - V a r _ p l o t . n c l , a n d m a k e s u r e t h e f o l l o w i n g p i e c e s o f c o d e s a r e u n c o m m e n t e d :
+ v a r = " U "
+ f g = f i r s t _ g u e s s - > U
+ a n = a n a l y s i s - > U
+ p l o t _ d a t a = a n
+ W h e n y o u e x e c u t e t h e f o l l o w i n g c o m m a n d f r o m $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l .
+ > n c l W R F - V a r _ p l o t . n c l
+ T h e p l o t s h o u l d l o o k l i k e :
+
+ Y
o u m a y c h a n g e t h e v a r i a b l e n a m e , l e v e l , e t c . i n t h i s s c r i p t t o d i s p l a y t h e v a r i a b l e o f y o u r c h o i c e a t t h e d e s i r e d e t a l e v e l .
+ T a k e t i m e t o l o o k t h r o u g h t h e t e x t o u t p u t f i l e s t o e n s u r e y o u u n d e r s t a n d h o w W R F D A w o r k s . F o r e x a m p l e :
+ H o w c l o s e l y h a s W R F D A f i t i n d i v i d u a l o b s e r v a t i o n t y p e s ? L o o k a t t h e s t a t i s t i c s f i l e t o c o m p a r e t h e O - B a n d O - A s t a t i s t i c s .
+ H o w b i g a r e t h e a n a l y s i s i n c r e m e n t s ? A g a i n , l o o k i n t h e s t a t i s t i c s f i l e t o s e e m i n i m u m / m a x i m u m v a l u e s o f A - B f o r e a c h v a r i a b l e a t v a r i o u s l e v e
l s . I t w i l l g i v e y o u a f e e l f o r t h e i m p a c t o f t h e i n p u t o b s e r v a t i o n d a t a y o u a s s i m i l a t e d v i a W R F D A b y m o d i f y i n g t h e i n p u t a n a l y s i s f i r s t g u e s s .
+ H o w l o n g d i d W R F D A t a k e t o c o n v e r g e ? D o e s i t r e a l l y c o n v e r g e ? Y o u w i l l g e t t h e a n s w e r s o f a l l t h e s e q u e s t i o n s b y l o o k i n g i n t o r s l - f i l e s , a s i t i n d i c a t e s t h e n u m b e r o f i t e r a t i o n s t a k e n b y W R F D A t o c o n v e r g e . I f t h i s i s t h e s a m e a s t h e m a x i m u m n u m b e r o f i t e r a t i o n s s p e c i f i e d i n t h e n a m e l i s t ( N T M A X ) , o r i t s d e f a u l t v a l u e ( = 2 0 0 ) s e t i n $ W R F D A _ D I R / R e g i s
t r y / R e g i s t r y . w r f v a r , t h e n i t m e a n s t h a t t h e a n a l y s i s s o l u t i o n d i d n o t c o n v e r g e . I f t h i s i s t h e c a s e , y o u m a y n e e d t o i n c r e a s e t h e v a l u e o f N T M A X a n d r e r u n y o u r c a s e t o e n s u r e t h a t t h e c o n v e r g e n c e i s a c h i e v e d . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , a n o r m a l W R F D A r u n s h o u l d u s u a l l y c o n v e r g e w i t h i n 1 0 0 i t e r a t i o n s . I f i t s t i l l d o e s n t c o n v e r g e i n 2 0 0 i t e r a t i o n s , t h a t m e a n s t h e r e m a y b e a p r o b l e m i n t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s o r f i r s t g u e s s .
+ A g o o d w a y t o v i s u a l i z e t h e i m p a c t o f a s s i m i l a t i o n o f o b s e r v a t i o n s i s t o p l o t t h
e a n a l y s i s i n c r e m e n t s ( i . e . a n a l y s i s m i n u s t h e f i r s t g u e s s d i f f e r e n c e ) . M a n y d i f f e r e n t g r a p h i c s p a c k a g e s ( e . g . R I P 4 , N C L , G R A D S e t c ) c a n d o t h i s . T h e p l o t o f l e v e l 1 8 t h e t a i n c r e m e n t s b e l o w w a s p r o d u c e d u s i n g t h i s p a r t i c u l a r N C L s c r i p t . T h i s s c r i p t i s l o c a t e d a t $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l / W R F - V a r _ p l o t . n c l .
+ Y o u n e e d t o m o d i f y t h i s s c r i p t t o f i x t h e f u l l p a t h f o r f i r s t _ g u e s s a n d a n a l y s i s f i l e s . Y o u m a y a l s o u s e i t t o m o d i f y t h e d i s p l a y l e v e l b y s e t t i n g k l a n d t h e n a m e o f t h e v a r i a b l e t o d i s
p l a y b y s e t t i n g v a r . F u r t h e r d e t a i l s a r e g i v e n i n t h i s s c r i p t .
+ I f y o u a r e a i m i n g t o d i s p l a y t h e i n c r e m e n t o f p o t e n t i a l t e m p e r a t u r e a t l e v e l 1 8 , a f t e r m o d i f y i n g $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h c s / n c l / W R F - V a r _ p l o t . n c l , m a k e s u r e t h e f o l l o w i n g p i e c e s o f c o d e a r e u n c o m m e n t e d :
+ v a r = " T "
+ f g = f i r s t _ g u e s s - > T ; T h e t a - 3 0 0
+ a n = a n a l y s i s - > T ; T h e t a - 3 0 0
+ p l o t _ d a t a = a n - f g
+ W h e n y o u e x e c u t e t h e f o l l o w i n g c o m m a n d f r o m $ T O O L S _ D I R / v a r / g r a p h i c s / n c l .
+ > n c l W R F - V a r _ p l o t . n c l
+ T h e p l o t c r e a t e d w i l l l o o k a
s f o l l o w s :
+
+ N o t e : L a r g e r a n a l y s i s i n c r e m e n t s i n d i c a t e a l a r g e r d a t a i m p a c t i n t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g r e g i o n o f t h e d o m a i n .
+
+ H y b r i d D a t a A s s i m i l a t i o n i n W R F D A
+ T h e W R F D A s y s t e m a l s o i n c l u d e s a h y b r i d d a t a a s s i m i l a t i o n t e c h n i q u e , w h i c h i s b a s e d o n t h e e x i s t i n g 3 D - V a r . T h e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n h y b r i d a n d 3 D - V a r s c h e m e s i s t h a t 3 D - V a r r e l i e s s o l e l y o n a s t a t i c c o v a r i a n c e m o d e l t o s p e c i f y t h e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s , w h i l e t h e h y b r i d s y s t e m u s e s a c o m b i n a t i o n o f 3 D - V a r s t a t i c e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e s a n d e n s e m b l
e - e s t i m a t e d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e s t o i n c o r p o r a t e a f l o w - d e p e n d e n t e s t i m a t e o f t h e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s . P l e a s e r e f e r t o W a n g e t a l . ( 2 0 0 8 a , b ) f o r a d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e m e t h o d o l o g y u s e d i n t h e W R F h y b r i d s y s t e m . T h e f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n w i l l g i v e a b r i e f i n t r o d u c t i o n o f s o m e a s p e c t s o f u s i n g t h e h y b r i d s y s t e m .
+
+
+ a . S o u r c e C o d e
+
+ F o u r e x e c u t a b l e s a r e u s e d i n t h e h y b r i d s y s t e m . I f y o u h a v e s u c c e s s f u l l y c o m p i l e d t h e W R F D A s y s t e m , y o u w i l l s e e t h e f o l l o w i n g :
+
+ W R F D A / v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ e n
s m e a n . e x e
+ W R F D A / v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ e p 2 . e x e
+ W R F D A / v a r / b u i l d / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e
+ W R F D A / v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ v e r t l o c . e x e
+
+ g e n _ b e _ e n s m e a n . e x e i s u s e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e e n s e m b l e m e a n , w h i l e g e n _ b e _ e p 2 . e x e i s u s e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e e n s e m b l e p e r t u r b a t i o n s . g e n _ b e _ v e r t l o c . e x e i s u s e d f o r v e r t i c a l l o c a l i z a t i o n . A s w i t h 3 D - V a r / 4 D - V a r , d a _ w r f v a r . e x e i s t h e m a i n W R F D A p r o g r a m . H o w e v e r , i n t h i s c a s e , d a _ w r f v a r . e x e w i l l r u n i n t h e h y b r i d m o d e .
+
+ b . R u n n i n g T h e H y b r i d S y s t e m
+
+ T h e p r o c e d u r e i s t h e s a m e a s r u n n i n g 3 D
- V a r / 4 D - V a r , w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f s o m e e x t r a i n p u t f i l e s a n d n a m e l i s t s e t t i n g s . T h e b a s i c i n p u t f i l e s f o r W R F D A a r e L A N D U S E . T B L , o b . a s c i i o r o b . b u f r ( d e p e n d i n g o n w h i c h o b s e r v a t i o n f o r m a t y o u u s e ) , a n d b e . d a t ( s t a t i c b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s ) . A d d i t i o n a l i n p u t f i l e s r e q u i r e d b y t h e h y b r i d a r e a s i n g l e e n s e m b l e m e a n f i l e ( u s e d a s t h e f g f o r t h e h y b r i d a p p l i c a t i o n ) a n d a s e t o f e n s e m b l e p e r t u r b a t i o n f i l e s ( u s e d t o r e p r e s e n t f l o w - d e p e n d e n t b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s ) .
+
+ A s e t o f i n i t i a l e n s e m b l e m e m b e r s m u
s t b e p r e p a r e d b e f o r e t h e h y b r i d a p p l i c a t i o n c a n b e s t a r t e d . T h e e n s e m b l e c a n b e o b t a i n e d f r o m o t h e r e n s e m b l e m o d e l o u t p u t s , o r y o u c a n g e n e r a t e t h e m y o u r s e l f . T h i s c a n b e d o n e , f o r e x a m p l e , a d d i n g r a n d o m n o i s e t o t h e i n i t i a l c o n d i t i o n s a t a p r e v i o u s t i m e a n d i n t e g r a t i n g e a c h m e m b e r t o t h e d e s i r e d t i m e . A t u t o r i a l c a s e w i t h a t e s t e n s e m b l e c a n b e f o u n d a t H Y P E R L I N K " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / T u t o r i a l s / 2 0 1 1 _ J u l y / d a t a / w r f d a _ h y b r i d _ t e s t d a t a . t a r . g z " h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u
/ w r f / u s e r s / w r f d a / T u t o r i a l s / 2 0 1 1 _ J u l y / d a t a / w r f d a _ h y b r i d _ t e s t d a t a . t a r . g z . I n t h i s e x a m p l e , t h e e n s e m b l e f o r e c a s t s w e r e i n i t i a l i z e d a t 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 7 1 2 a n d v a l i d 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 8 0 0 . A h y b r i d a n a l y s i s a t 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 8 0 0 w i l l b e p e r f o r m e d u s i n g t h e e n s e m b l e v a l i d 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 8 0 0 a s i n p u t . O n c e y o u h a v e t h e i n i t i a l e n s e m b l e , t h e e n s e m b l e m e a n a n d p e r t u r b a t i o n s c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d f o l l o w i n g t h e s t e p s b e l o w :
+
+
+ 1 ) S e t a n e n v i r o n m e n t v a r i a b l e f o r y o u r w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y a n d y o u r d a t a d i r e c t o r y
+ > s e t e n v W O R K _ D I R y o u r _ h y b r
i d _ p a t h > s e t e n v D A T _ D I R y o u r _ d a t a _ p a t h > c d $ W O R K _ D I R
+ 2 ) C a l c u l a t e t h e e n s e m b l e m e a n
+
+ F r o m y o u r w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y , c o p y o r l i n k t h e e n s e m b l e f o r e c a s t s t o y o u r w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y . T h e e n s e m b l e m e m b e r s a r e i d e n t i f i e d b y t h r e e - d i g i t n u m b e r s f o l l o w i n g t h e v a l i d t i m e .
+ > l n s f $ D A T _ D I R / H y b r i d / f c / 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 7 1 2 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . e * .
+ P r o v i d e t w o t e m p l a t e f i l e s ( e n s e m b l e m e a n a n d v a r i a n c e f i l e s ) i n y o u r w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y . T h e s e f i l e s w i l l b e o v e r w r i t t e n w i t h t h e e n s e m b l e m e a n a
n d v a r i a n c e a s d i s c u s s e d b e l o w .
+ > c p $ D A T _ D I R / H y b r i d / f c / 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 7 1 2 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . e 0 0 1 . / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . m e a n > c p $ D A T _ D I R / H y b r i d / f c / 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 7 1 2 / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . e 0 0 1 . / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . v a r i
+ C o p y g e n _ b e _ e n s m e a n _ n l . n l ( c p $ D A T _ D I R / H y b r i d / g e n _ b e _ e n s m e a n _ n l . n l . ) Y o u w i l l n e e d t o s e t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h i s s c r i p t a s f o l l o w s :
+ & g e n _ b e _ e n s m e a n _ n l d i r e c t o r y = ' . ' f i l e n a m e = ' w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 ' n u m _ m e m b e r s = 1 0 n v =
7 c v = ' U ' , ' V ' , ' W ' , ' P H ' , ' T ' , ' M U ' , ' Q V A P O R ' \
+ w h e r e d i r e c t o r y i s t h e f o l d e r c o n t a i n i n g t h e e n s e m b l e m e m b e r s a n d t e m p l a t e f i l e s , f i l e n a m e i s t h e n a m e o f t h e f i l e s b e f o r e t h e i r s u f f i x e s ( e . g . , . m e a n , . v a r i , e t c ) , n u m _ m e m b e r s i s t h e n u m b e r o f e n s e m b l e m e m b e r s y o u a r e u s i n g , n v i s t h e n u m b e r o f v a r i a b l e s , a n d c v i s t h e n a m e o f v a r i a b l e s u s e d i n t h e h y b r i d s y s t e m . B e s u r e n v a n d c v a r e c o n s i s t e n t !
+
+ L i n k g e n _ b e _ e n s m e a n . e x e t o y o u r w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y a n d r u n i t .
+ > l n s f $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / b u
i l d / g e n _ b e _ e n s m e a n . e x e . > . / g e n _ b e _ e n s m e a n . e x e
+ C h e c k t h e o u t p u t f i l e s . w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . m e a n i s t h e e n s e m b l e m e a n ; w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . v a r i i s t h e e n s e m b l e v a r i a n c e
+
+ 3 ) C a l c u l a t e e n s e m b l e p e r t u r b a t i o n s
+
+ C r e a t e a s u b - d i r e c t o r y i n w h i c h y o u w i l l b e w o r k i n g t o c r e a t e e n s e m b l e p e r t u r b a t i o n s .
+
+ > m k d i r p . / e p > c d . / e p
+
+ R u n g e n _ b e _ e p 2 . e x e . T h e e x e c u t a b l e r e q u i r e s f o u r c o m m a n d - l i n e a r g u m e n t s ( D A T E , N U M _ M E M B E R , D I R E C T O R Y , a n d F I L E N A M E ) a s s h o w n b e l o w f o r t h e t u
t o r i a l e x a m p l e :
+
+ > l n s f W R F D A / v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ e p 2 . e x e . > . / g e n _ b e _ e p 2 . e x e 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 8 0 0 1 0 . . . / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0
+
+ C h e c k t h e o u t p u t f i l e s . A l i s t o f b i n a r y f i l e s s h o u l d n o w e x i s t . A m o n g t h e m , t m p . e * a r e t e m p o r a r y s c r a t c h f i l e s t h a t c a n b e r e m o v e d .
+
+ 4 ) B a c k i n t h e w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y , c r e a t e t h e i n p u t f i l e f o r v e r t i c a l l o c a l i z a t i o n . T h i s p r o g r a m r e q u i r e s o n e c o m m a n d - l i n e a r g u m e n t : t h e n u m b e r o f v e r t i c a l l e v e l s o f t h e m o d e l c o n f i g u r a t i o n ( s a m e v a l u e a s e _ v e r t i n t h e n
a m e l i s t ; f o r t h e t u t o r i a l e x a m p l e , t h i s s h o u l d b e 4 2 ) .
+
+ > c d $ W O R K _ D I R
+ > l n s f $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / b u i l d / g e n _ b e _ v e r t l o c . e x e .
+ > . / g e n _ b e _ v e r t l o c . e x e 4 2
+
+ T h e o u t p u t i s . / b e . v e r t l o c . d a t i n y o u r w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y .
+
+ 5 ) R u n W R F D A i n h y b r i d m o d e
+
+ I n y o u r h y b r i d w o r k i n g d i r e c t o r y , l i n k a l l t h e n e c e s s a r y f i l e s a n d d i r e c t o r i e s a s f o l l o w s :
+ > l n - f s . / e p / * . > l n - f s . / w r f o u t _ d 0 1 _ 2 0 0 6 - 1 0 - 2 8 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . m e a n . / f g ( f i r s t g u e s s i s t h e e n s e m b l e m e a n ) > l n - f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / r u n / L A N D U S E . T B L . >
l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / H y b r i d / o b / 2 0 0 6 1 0 2 8 0 0 / o b . a s c i i . / o b . a s c i i ( o r o b . b u f r ) > l n - f s $ D A T _ D I R / H y b r i d / b e / b e . d a t . / b e . d a t > l n f s $ W R F D A _ D I R / v a r / b u i l d / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e . > c p $ D A T _ D I R / H y b r i d / n a m e l i s t . i n p u t .
+ E d i t n a m e l i s t . i n p u t , p a y i n g s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n t o t h e f o l l o w i n g h y b r i d - r e l a t e d s e t t i n g s :
+ & w r f v a r 7 j e _ f a c t o r = 2 . 0 / & w r f v a r 1 6 e n s d i m _ a l p h a = 1 0 a l p h a c v _ m e t h o d = 2 a l p h a _ c o r r _ t y p e = 3 a l p h a _ c o r r _ s c a l e = 1 5 0 0 . 0 a l p h a _ s t d _ d e v = 1 . 0 0 0 a l p h a _ v e r t l o c = . t r u e . /
+ F i n a l l y , e x e c u t e t h e W R F D A f i l
e , r u n n i n g i n h y b r i d m o d e
+ < . / d a _ w r f v a r . e x e > & ! w r f d a . l o g
+ C h e c k t h e o u t p u t f i l e s ; t h e o u t p u t f i l e l i s t s a r e t h e s a m e a s w h e n y o u r u n W R F 3 D - V a r .
+
+ c . H y b r i d n a m e l i s t o p t i o n s
+
+ j e _ f a c t o r
+ e n s e m b l e c o v a r i a n c e w e i g h t i n g f a c t o r . T h i s f a c t o r c o n t r o l s t h e w e i g h t i n g c o m p o n e n t o f e n s e m b l e a n d s t a t i c c o v a r i a n c e s . T h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g j b _ f a c t o r = j e _ f a c t o r / ( j e _ f a c t o r - 1 ) .
+ e n s d i m _ a l p h a
+ t h e n u m b e r o f e n s e m b l e m e m b e r s . H y b r i d m o d e i s a c t i v a t e d w h e n e n s d i m _ a l p h a i s l a r g e r t h a n z e r o
+ a l p h a c v _ m e t h o
d
+ 1 = p e r t u r b a t i o n s i n c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e s p a c e ( p s i , c h i _ u , t _ u , r h , p s _ u ) ; 2 = p e r t u r b a t i o n s i n m o d e l s p a c e ( u , v , t , q , p s ) . O p t i o n 2 i s e x t e n s i v e l y t e s t e d a n d r e c o m m e n d e d t o u s e .
+ a l p h a _ c o r r _ t y p e
+ c o r r e l a t i o n f u n c t i o n . 1 = E x p o n e n t i a l ; 2 = S O A R ; 3 = G a u s s i a n .
+ a l p h a _ c o r r _ s c a l e
+ h y b r i d c o v a r i a n c e l o c a l i z a t i o n s c a l e i n k m u n i t . D e f a u l t v a l u e i s 1 5 0 0 .
+ a l p h a _ s t d _ d e v
+ a l p h a s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n . D e f a u l t v a l u e i s 1 . 0
+ a l p h a _ v e r t l o c
+ f o r v e r t i c a l l o c a l i z a t i o n . . t r u e . = u s e v e r t i c a l l o c a l i z a
t i o n ; . f a l s e . = n o v e r t i c a l l o c a l i z a t i o n
+
+ D e s c r i p t i o n o f N a m e l i s t V a r i a b l e s
+ W R F D A n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s .
+ V a r i a b l e N a m e s D e f a u l t V a l u e D e s c r i p t i o n & w r f v a r 1 w r i t e _ i n c r e m e n t s f a l s e . t r u e . : w r i t e o u t a b i n a r y a n a l y s i s i n c r e m e n t f i l e v a r 4 d f a l s e . t r u e . : 4 D - V a r m o d e v a r 4 d _ l b c t r u e . t r u e . : o n / o f f f o r l a t e r a l b o u n d a r y c o n t r o l i n 4 D - V a r v a r 4 d _ b i n 3 6 0 0 s e c o n d s , o b s e r v a t i o n s u b - w i n d o w l e n g t h f o r 4 D - V a r v a r 4 d _ b i n _ r a i n 3 6 0 0 s e c o n d s , p r e c i p i t a t i o n o b s e r v a t i o n s u b - w i n d o w l e n g t h f o r 4 D - V a r m u l
t i _ i n c 0 > 0 : m u l t i - i n c r e m e n t a l r u n p r i n t _ d e t a i l _ r a d a r f a l s e p r i n t _ d e t a i l _ x x x : o u t p u t e x t r a ( s o m e t i m e s c a n b e t o o m a n y ) d i a g n o s t i c s f o r d e b u g g i n g ; n o t r e c o m m e n d e d t o t u r n t h e s e o n f o r p r o d u c t i o n r u n s p r i n t _ d e t a i l _ x a f a l s e p r i n t _ d e t a i l _ x b f a l s e p r i n t _ d e t a i l _ o b s f a l s e p r i n t _ d e t a i l _ g r a d f a l s e . t r u e . : t o p r i n t o u t a d e t a i l e d g r a d i e n t o f e a c h o b s e r v a t i o n t y p e a t e a c h i t e r a t i o n c h e c k _ m a x _ i v _ p r i n t t r u e o b s o l e t e ( u s e d o n l y b y R a d a r ) & w r f v a r 2 a n a l y s i s _ a c c u 9 0 0 i n s e c o n d s , i f t h e t i m e
d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e n a m e l i s t s e t t i n g ( a n a l y s i s _ d a t e ) a n d d a t e i n f o r e a d - i n f r o m t h e f i r s t g u e s s i s l a r g e r t h a n a n a l y s i s _ a c c u , W R F D A w i l l i s s u e a w a r n i n g m e s s a g e ( " = = = = = = = > W r o n g x b t i m e f o u n d ? ? ? " ) , b u t w o n ' t a b o r t .
+ c a l c _ w _ i n c r e m e n t f a l s e . t r u e . : t h e i n c r e m e n t o f t h e v e r t i c a l v e l o c i t y , W , w i l l b e d i a g n o s e d b a s e d o n t h e i n c r e m e n t s o f o t h e r f i e l d s .
+ . f a l s e . : t h e i n c r e m e n t o f t h e v e r t i c a l v e l o c i t y W i s z e r o i f n o W i n f o r m a t i o n i s a s s i m i l a t e d .
+ I f t h e r e i s i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e W f r o m
o b s e r v a t i o n s a s s i m i l a t e d , s u c h a s r a d a r r a d i a l v e l o c i t y , t h e W i n c r e m e n t s a r e a l w a y s c o m p u t e d , w h e t h e r c a l c _ w _ i n c r e m e n t = t r u e . o r . f a l s e . & w r f v a r 3 f g _ f o r m a t 1 1 : f g _ f o r m a t _ w r f _ a r w _ r e g i o n a l ( d e f a u l t )
+ 2 : f g _ f o r m a t _ w r f _ n m m _ r e g i o n a l
+ 3 : f g _ f o r m a t _ w r f _ a r w _ g l o b a l
+ 4 : f g _ f o r m a t _ k m a _ g l o b a l
+ o b _ f o r m a t 2 1 : o b _ f o r m a t _ b u f r ( N C E P P R E P B U F R ) , r e a d i n d a t a f r o m o b . b u f r ( n o t f u l l y t e s t e d )
+ 2 : o b _ f o r m a t _ a s c i i ( o u t p u t f r o m o b s p r o c ) , r e a d i n d a t a f r o m o b . a s c i i ( d e f a u l t )
+ 3 : o b _ f o r m a t _ m a d i s ( n o t t e s t e d
)
+ n u m _ f g a t _ t i m e 1 1 : 3 D V a r
+ > 1 : n u m b e r o f t i m e s l o t s f o r F G A T a n d 4 D V A R & w r f v a r 4 t h i n _ c o n v t r u e f o r o b _ f o r m a t = 1 ( N C E P P R E P B U F R ) o n l y . t h i n n i n g i s m a n d a t o r y f o r o b _ f o r m a t = 1 , a s t i m e - d u p l i c a t e d a t a a r e " t h i n n e d " w i t h i n t h e t h i n n i n g r o u t i n e ; h o w e v e r , t h i n _ c o n v c a n b e s e t t o . f a l s e . f o r d e b u g g i n g p u r p o s e . t h i n _ m e s h _ c o n v 2 0 . ( m a x _ i n s t r u m e n t s ) f o r o b _ f o r m a t = 1 ( N C E P P R E P B U F R ) o n l y .
+ k m , e a c h o b s e r v a t i o n t y p e c a n s e t i t s t h i n n i n g m e s h a n d t h e i n d e x / o r d e r f o l l o w s t h e d e f i n i t i o n i n
+ W
R F D A / v a r / d a / d a _ c o n t r o l / d a _ c o n t r o l . f 9 0 t h i n _ r a i n o b s t r u e . t r u e . : p e r f o r m t h i n n i n g o n p r e c i p i t a t i o n d a t a u s e _ s y n o p o b s t r u e u s e _ x x x o b s - . t r u e . : a s s i m i l a t e x x x o b s i f a v a i l a b l e
+ . f a l s e . : d o n o t a s s i m i l a t e x x x o b s e v e n a v a i l a b l e
+
+ u s e _ s h i p s o b s t r u e u s e _ m e t a r o b s t r u e u s e _ s o u n d o b s t r u e u s e _ p i l o t o b s t r u e u s e _ a i r e p o b s t r u e u s e _ g e o a m v o b s t r u e u s e _ p o l a r a m v o b s t r u e u s e _ b o g u s o b s t r u e u s e _ b u o y o b s t r u e u s e _ p r o f i l e r o b s t r u e u s e _ s a t e m o b s t r u e u s e _ g p s p w o b s t r u e u s e _ g p s r e f o b s t r u e
u s e _ q s c a t o b s t r u e u s e _ r a d a r o b s f a l s e u s e _ r a d a r _ r v f a l s e u s e _ r a d a r _ r f f a l s e u s e _ r a i n o b s f a l s e u s e _ a i r s r e t o b s t r u e ; u s e _ h i r s 2 o b s , u s e _ h i r s 3 o b s , u s e _ h i r s 4 o b s , u s e _ m h s o b s
+ ; u s e _ m s u o b s , u s e _ a m s u a o b s , u s e _ a m s u b o b s , u s e _ a i r s o b s ,
+ ; u s e _ e o s _ a m s u a o b s , u s e _ h s b o b s , u s e _ s s m i s o b s a r e
+ ; r a d i a n c e - r e l a t e d v a r i a b l e s t h a t o n l y c o n t r o l i f
+ ; c o r r e s p o n d i n g B U F R f i l e s a r e r e a d i n t o W R F D A o r n o t , b u t
+ ; d o n o t c o n t r o l i f t h e d a t a i s a s s i m i l a t e d o r n o t .
+ ; A d d i t i
o n a l v a r i a b l e s h a v e t o b e s e t i n & w r f v a r 1 4 i n o r d e r
+ ; t o a s s i m i l a t e r a d i a n c e d a t a . u s e _ h i r s 2 o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m h i r s 2 . b u f r u s e _ h i r s 3 o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m h i r s 3 . b u f r u s e _ h i r s 4 o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m h i r s 4 . b u f r u s e _ m h s o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m m h s . b u f r u s e _ m s u o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m m s u . b u f r u s e _ a m s u a o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m a m s u a . b u f r u s e _ a m s u b o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m a m s
u b . b u f r u s e _ a i r s o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m a i r s . b u f r u s e _ e o s _ a m s u a o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m a i r s . b u f r u s e _ h s b o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m h s b . b u f r u s e _ s s m i s o b s f a l s e . t r u e . : t o r e a d i n d a t a f r o m s s m i s . b u f r u s e _ o b s _ e r r f a c f a l s e . t r u e . : a p p l y o b s e r r o r t u n i n g f a c t o r s i f e r r f a c . d a t i s a v a i l a b l e f o r c o n v e n t i o n a l d a t a o n l y & w r f v a r 5
+ c h e c k _ m a x _ i v t r u e . t r u e . : r e j e c t t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s w h o s e i n n o v a t i o n s ( O - B ) a r e l a r g e r t h a n a m a x i m u m v a l u e d e f i n e d a s a
m u l t i p l e o f t h e o b s e r v a t i o n e r r o r f o r e a c h o b s e r v a t i o n . i . e . , i n v > ( o b s _ e r r o r * f a c t o r ) - - > f a i l s _ e r r o r _ m a x ; t h e d e f a u l t m a x i m u m v a l u e i s 5 t i m e s t h e o b s e r v a t i o n e r r o r ; t h e f a c t o r o f 5 c a n b e c h a n g e d t h r o u g h m a x _ e r r o r _ * s e t t i n g s . m a x _ e r r o r _ t 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r t m a x _ e r r o r _ u v 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r u a n d v m a x _ e r r o r _ p w 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r p r e c i p i t a b l e w a t e r m a x _ e r r o r _ r e f 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r
c h e c k f a c t o r f o r g p s r e f r a c t i v i t y m a x _ e r r o r _ q 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r s p e c i f i c h u m i d i t y m a x _ e r r o r _ p 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r p r e s s u r e m a x _ e r r o r _ t h i c k n e s s 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r t h i c k n e s s m a x _ e r r o r _ r v 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r r a d a r r a d i a l v e l o c i t y m a x _ e r r o r _ r f 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r r a d a r r e f l e c t i v i t y m a x _ e r r o r _ r a i n 5 . 0 m a x i m u m c h e c k _ m a x _ i v e r r o r c h e c k f a c t o r f o r p r e
c i p i t a t i o n & w r f v a r 6 ( f o r m i n i m i z a t i o n o p t i o n s ) m a x _ e x t _ i t s 1 n u m b e r o f o u t e r l o o p s n t m a x 2 0 0 m a x i m u m n u m b e r o f i t e r a t i o n s i n a n i n n e r l o o p e p s
+ 0 . 0 1 ( m a x _ e x t _ i t s ) m i n i m i z a t i o n c o n v e r g e n c e c r i t e r i o n ( u s e d d i m e n s i o n : m a x _ e x t _ i t s ) ; m i n i m i z a t i o n s t o p s w h e n t h e n o r m o f t h e g r a d i e n t o f t h e c o s t f u n c t i o n g r a d i e n t i s r e d u c e d b y a f a c t o r o f e p s . i n n e r m i n i m i z a t i o n s t o p s e i t h e r w h e n t h e c r i t e r i o n i s m e t o r w h e n i n n e r i t e r a t i o n s r e a c h n t m a x . o r t h o n o r m _ g r a d i e n t f a l s e . t r u e . : t h e g r a d i e n t v e c t o
r s a r e s t o r e d d u r i n g t h e C o n j u g a t e G r a d i e n t f o r e a c h i t e r a t i o n a n d u s e d t o r e - o r t h o g o n a l i z e t h e n e w g r a d i e n t . T h i s r e q u i r e s e x t r a s t o r a g e o f l a r g e v e c t o r s ( e a c h o n e b e i n g t h e s i z e o f t h e c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e ) b u t r e s u l t s i n a b e t t e r c o n v e r g e n c e o f t h e C o n j u g a t e G r a d i e n t a f t e r a r o u n d 2 0 i t e r a t i o n s . & w r f v a r 7 c v _ o p t i o n s 5 3 : N C E P B a c k g r o u n d E r r o r m o d e l
+ 5 : N C A R B a c k g r o u n d E r r o r m o d e l ( d e f a u l t )
+ 6 : U s e o f m u l t i v a r i a t e b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r s t a t i s t i c s a s 1 ( 3 ) - 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r s f o r v a r i a n c e , h o r i z o n
t a l a n d v e r t i c a l s c a l e s f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 1 = s t r e a m f u n c t i o n . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 3 o n l y . T h e a c t u a l d e f a u l t v a l u e s a r e 0 . 2 5 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 . a s 2 ( 3 ) - 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r s f o r v a r i a n c e , h o r i z o n t a l a n d v e r t i c a l s c a l e s f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 2 - u n b a l a n c e d p o t e n t i a l v e l o c i t y . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 3 o n l y . T h e a c t u a l d e f a u l t v a l u e s a r e 0 . 2 5 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 . a s 3 ( 3 ) - 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r s f o r v a r i a n c e , h o r i z o n t a l a n d v e r t i c a l s c a l e s f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 3 - u n b a l a n c e d t e m p e r a t u r e . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 3 o n l y . T h e a c t u a l d e f a u l
t v a l u e s a r e 0 . 2 5 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 . a s 4 ( 3 ) - 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r s f o r v a r i a n c e , h o r i z o n t a l a n d v e r t i c a l s c a l e s f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 4 - p s e u d o r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 3 o n l y . T h e a c t u a l d e f a u l t v a l u e s a r e 0 . 2 5 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 . a s 5 ( 3 ) - 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r s f o r v a r i a n c e , h o r i z o n t a l a n d v e r t i c a l s c a l e s f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 5 - u n b a l a n c e d s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 3 o n l y . T h e a c t u a l d e f a u l t v a l u e s a r e 0 . 2 5 , 1 . 0 , 1 . 5 . r f _ p a s s e s 6 n u m b e r o f p a s s e s o f r e c u r s i v e f i l t e r . v a r _ s c a l i n g 1 1 . 0 t u n i n g
f a c t o r o f b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 1 - s t r e a m f u n c t i o n . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . v a r _ s c a l i n g 2 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r o f b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 2 - u n b a l a n c e d v e l o c i t y p o t e n t i a l . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . v a r _ s c a l i n g 3 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r o f b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 3 - u n b a l a n c e d t e m p e r a t u r e . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . v a r _ s c a l i n g 4 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r o f b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 4 - p s e u d o r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y
. F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . v a r _ s c a l i n g 5 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r o f b a c k g r o u n d e r r o r c o v a r i a n c e f o r c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e 5 - u n b a l a n c e d s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . l e n _ s c a l i n g 1 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r o f s c a l e - l e n g t h f o r s t r e a m f u n c t i o n . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . l e n _ s c a l i n g 2 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r o f s c a l e - l e n g t h f o r u n b a l a n c e d v e l o c i t y p o t e n t i a l . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . l e n _ s c a l i n g 3 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r o f s c a l e - l e n g t h f o r u n b a l a n c e d t e m p e r a t u r e . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . l e n _ s c a l i n g 4 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r
o f s c a l e - l e n g t h f o r p s e u d o r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . l e n _ s c a l i n g 5 1 . 0 t u n i n g f a c t o r o f s c a l e - l e n g t h f o r u n b a l a n c e d s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e . F o r c v _ o p t i o n s = 5 o n l y . j e _ f a c t o r 1 . 0 e n s e m b l e c o v a r i a n c e w e i g h t i n g f a c t o r & w r f v a r 8 ; n o t u s e d & w r f v a r 9 f o r p r o g r a m t r a c i n g . t r a c e _ u s e = . t r u e . g i v e s a d d i t i o n a l p e r f o r m a n c e d i a g n o s t i c s ( c a l l i n g t r e e , l o c a l r o u t i n e t i m i n g s , o v e r a l l r o u t i n e t i m i n g s , & m e m o r y u s a g e ) . I t d o e s n o t c h a n g e r e s u l t s , b u t d o e s a d d r u n t i m e o v e r h e a d . s t d o u t 6 u n i
t n u m b e r f o r s t a n d a r d o u t p u t s t d e r r 0 u n i t n u m b e r f o r e r r o r o u t p u t t r a c e _ u n i t 7 U n i t n u m b e r f o r t r a c i n g o u t p u t . N o t e t h a t u n i t s 1 0 a n d 9 a r e r e s e r v e d f o r r e a d i n g n a m e l i s t . i n p u t a n d w r i t i n g n a m e l i s t . o u t p u t r e s p e c t i v e l y . t r a c e _ p e 0 C u r r e n t l y , s t a t i s t i c s a r e a l w a y s c a l c u l a t e d f o r a l l p r o c e s s o r s , a n d o u t p u t b y p r o c e s s o r 0 . t r a c e _ r e p e a t _ h e a d 1 0 t h e n u m b e r o f t i m e s a n y t r a c e s t a t e m e n t w i l l p r o d u c e o u t p u t f o r a n y p a r t i c u l a r r o u t i n e . T h i s s t o p s o v e r w h e l m i n g t r a c e o u t p u t w h e n a r o u t i n e i s c a l l
e d m u l t i p l e t i m e s . O n c e t h i s l i m i t i s r e a c h e d a ' g o i n g q u i e t ' m e s s a g e i s w r i t t e n t o t h e t r a c e f i l e , a n d n o m o r e o u t p u t i s p r o d u c e d f r o m t h e r o u t i n e , t h o u g h s t a t i s t i c s a r e s t i l l g a t h e r e d . t r a c e _ r e p e a t _ b o d y 1 0 s e e t r a c e _ r e p e a t _ h e a d d e s c r i p t i o n t r a c e _ m a x _ d e p t h 3 0 d e f i n e t h e d e e p e s t l e v e l t o w h i c h t r a c i n g w r i t e s o u t p u t t r a c e _ u s e f a l s e . t r u e . : a c t i v a t e t r a c i n g t r a c e _ u s e _ f r e q u e n t f a l s e t r a c e _ u s e _ d u l l f a l s e t r a c e _ m e m o r y t r u e . t r u e . : c a l c u l a t e a l l o c a t e d m e m o r y u s i n g a m a l l i n f o c a l l . O n s o m e
p l a t f o r m s ( C r a y a n d M a c ) , m a l l i n f o i s n o t a v a i l a b l e a n d n o m e m o r y m o n i t o r i n g c a n b e d o n e . t r a c e _ a l l _ p e s f a l s e . t r u e . : t r a c i n g i s o u t p u t f o r a l l p e s . A s s t a t e d i n t r a c e _ p e , t h i s d o e s n o t c h a n g e p r o c e s s o r s t a t i s t i c s . t r a c e _ c s v t r u e . t r u e . : t r a c i n g s t a t i s t i c s a r e w r i t t e n t o a x x x x . c s v f i l e i n C S V f o r m a t u s e _ h t m l t r u e . t r u e . : t r a c i n g a n d e r r o r r e p o r t i n g r o u t i n e s w i l l i n c l u d e H T M L t a g s . w a r n i n g s _ a r e _ f a t a l f a l s e . t r u e . : w a r n i n g m e s s a g e s t h a t w o u l d n o r m a l l y a l l o w t h e p r o g r a m t o c o n t i n u e a r
e t r e a t e d a s f a t a l e r r o r s . & w r f v a r 1 0 ( f o r c o d e d e v e l o p e r ) t e s t _ t r a n s f o r m s f a l s e . t r u e . : p e r f o r m a d j o i n t t e s t s t e s t _ g r a d i e n t f a l s e . t r u e . : p e r f o r m g r a d i e n t t e s t & w r f v a r 1 1 c v _ o p t i o n s _ h u m 1 d o n o t c h a n g e c h e c k _ r h 0 0 - - > N o s u p e r s a t u r a t i o n c h e c k a f t e r m i n i m i z a t i o n .
+ 1 - - > s u p e r s a t u r a t i o n ( r h > 1 0 0 % ) a n d m i n i m u m r h ( r h < 1 0 % ) c h e c k , a n d m a k e t h e l o c a l a d j u s t m e n t o f q .
+ 2 - - > s u p e r s a t u r a t i o n ( r h > 9 5 % ) a n d m i n i m u m r h ( r h < 1 1 % ) c h e c k a n d m a k e t h e m u l t i - l e v e l q a d j u s t m e n t u n d e r
t h e c o n s t r a i n t o f c o n s e r v e d c o l u m n i n t e g r a t e d w a t e r v a p o r s f c _ a s s i _ o p t i o n s 1 1 - - > s u r f a c e o b s e r v a t i o n s w i l l b e a s s i m i l a t e d b a s e d o n t h e l o w e s t m o d e l l e v e l f i r s t g u e s s . O b s e r v a t i o n s a r e n o t u s e d w h e n t h e e l e v a t i o n d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e o b s e r v i n g s i t e a n d t h e l o w e s t m o d e l l e v e l i s l a r g e r t h a n 1 0 0 m .
+ 2 - - > s u r f a c e o b s e r v a t i o n s w i l l b e a s s i m i l a t e d b a s e d o n s u r f a c e s i m i l a r i t y t h e o r y i n P B L . I n n o v a t i o n s a r e c o m p u t e d b a s e d o n 1 0 - m w i n d , 2 - m t e m p e r a t u r e a n d 2 - m m o i s t u r e . c a l c u l a t e _ c g _ c o s t _
f n f a l s e c o n j u g a t e g r a d i e n t a l g o r i t h m d o e s n o t r e q u i r e t h e c o m p u t a t i o n o f c o s t f u n c t i o n a t e v e r y i t e r a t i o n d u r i n g m i n i m i z a t i o n .
+ . t r u e . : C o m p u t e a n d w r i t e o u t c o s t f u n c t i o n a n d g r a d i e n t f o r e a c h i t e r a t i o n i n t o f i l e s c o s t _ f n a n d g r a d _ f n .
+ f a l s e . : O n l y t h e i n i t i a l a n d f i n a l c o s t f u n c t i o n s a r e c o m p u t e d a n d o u t p u t . l a t _ s t a t s _ o p t i o n f a l s e d o n o t c h a n g e & w r f v a r 1 2 b a l a n c e _ t y p e 1 o b s o l e t e & w r f v a r 1 3 v e r t _ c o r r 2 d o n o t c h a n g e v e r t i c a l _ i p 0 o b s o l e t e v e r t _ e v a l u e 1 d o n o t c h a n g e m a x _ v e r t _ v a r 1
9 9 . 0 s p e c i f y t h e m a x i m u m t r u n c a t i o n v a l u e ( p e r c e n t a g e ) t o e x p l a i n t h e v a r i a n c e o f s t r e a m f u n c t i o n i n e i g e n v e c t o r d e c o m p o s i t i o n m a x _ v e r t _ v a r 2 9 9 . 0 s p e c i f y t h e m a x i m u m t r u n c a t i o n v a l u e ( p e r c e n t a g e ) t o e x p l a i n t h e v a r i a n c e o f u n b a l a n c e d p o t e n t i a l v e l o c i t y i n e i g e n v e c t o r d e c o m p o s i t i o n m a x _ v e r t _ v a r 3 9 9 . 0 s p e c i f y t h e m a x i m u m t r u n c a t i o n v a l u e ( p e r c e n t a g e ) t o e x p l a i n t h e v a r i a n c e o f t h e u n b a l a n c e d t e m p e r a t u r e i n e i g e n v e c t o r d e c o m p o s i t i o n m a x _ v e r t _ v a r 4 9 9 . 0 s p e c i f y t h e m a x i m u m t r u n c a t i o n v a l u e
( p e r c e n t a g e ) t o e x p l a i n t h e v a r i a n c e o f p s e u d o r e l a t i v e h u m i d i t y i n e i g e n v e c t o r d e c o m p o s i t i o n m a x _ v e r t _ v a r 5 9 9 . 0 f o r u n b a l a n c e d s u r f a c e p r e s s u r e , i t s h o u l d b e a n o n - z e r o p o s i t i v e n u m b e r .
+ s e t m a x _ v e r t _ v a r 5 = 0 . 0 o n l y f o r o f f l i n e V a r B C a p p l i c a t i o n s .
+
+ & w r f v a r 1 4 t h e f o l l o w i n g 4 v a r i a b l e s ( r t m i n i t _ n s e n s o r , r t m i n i t _ p l a t f o r m , r t m i n i t _ s a t i d , r t m i n i t _ s e n s o r ) t o g e t h e r c o n t r o l w h a t s e n s o r s t o b e a s s i m i l a t e d . r t m i n i t _ n s e n s o r 1 t o t a l n u m b e r o f s e n s o r s t o b e a s s i m i l a t e d r t m i n i t _ p l a t f o r m - 1
+ ( m a x
_ i n s t r u m e n t s ) p l a t f o r m s I D s a r r a y ( u s e d d i m e n s i o n : r t m i n i t _ n s e n s o r ) ; e . g . , 1 f o r N O A A , 9 f o r E O S , 1 0 f o r M E T O P a n d 2 f o r D M S P r t m i n i t _ s a t i d - 1 . 0
+ ( m a x _ i n s t r u m e n t s ) s a t e l l i t e I D s a r r a y ( u s e d d i m e n s i o n : r t m i n i t _ n s e n s o r ) r t m i n i t _ s e n s o r - 1 . 0
+ ( m a x _ i n s t r u m e n t s ) s e n s o r I D s a r r a y ( u s e d d i m e n s i o n : r t m i n i t _ n s e n s o r ) ; e . g . , 0 f o r H I R S , 3 f o r A M S U - A , 4 f o r A M S U - B , 1 5 f o r M H S , 1 0 f o r S S M I S , 1 1 f o r A I R S r a d _ m o n i t o r i n g 0
+ ( m a x _ i n s t r u m e n t s ) i n t e g e r a r r a y ( u s e d d i m e n s i o n : r t m i n i t _ n s e n s o r ) ; 0 : a s s i m i l
a t i n g m o d e ;
+ 1 : m o n i t o r i n g m o d e ( o n l y c a l c u l a t e i n n o v a t i o n s ) t h i n n i n g _ m e s h 6 0 . 0
+ ( m a x _ i n s t r u m e n t s ) r e a l a r r a y ( u s e d d i m e n s i o n : r t m i n i t _ n s e n s o r ) ; s p e c i f y t h i n n i n g m e s h s i z e ( i n k m ) f o r d i f f e r e n t s e n s o r s . t h i n n i n g f a l s e . t r u e . : p e r f o r m t h i n n i n g o n r a d i a n c e d a t a q c _ r a d t r u e . t r u e . : p e r f o r m q u a l i t y c o n t r o l . D o n o t c h a n g e . w r i t e _ i v _ r a d _ a s c i i f a l s e . t r u e . : o u t p u t r a d i a n c e O b s e r v a t i o n m i n u s B a c k g r o u n d f i l e s , w h i c h a r e i n A S C I I f o r m a t a n d s e p a r a t e d b y s e n s o r a n d p r o c e s s o r . w r i t e _ o a _ r a d _ a s c i i
f a l s e . t r u e . : o u t p u t r a d i a n c e O b s e r v a t i o n m i n u s A n a l y s i s f i l e s ( O b s e r v a t i o n m i n u s B a c k g r o u n d i n f o r m a t i o n i s a l s o i n c l u d e d ) , w h i c h a r e i n A S C I I f o r m a t a n d s e p a r a t e d b y s e n s o r a n d p r o c e s s o r . u s e _ e r r o r _ f a c t o r _ r a d f a l s e . t r u e . : u s e a r a d i a n c e e r r o r t u n i n g f a c t o r f i l e r a d i a n c e _ e r r o r . f a c t o r , w h i c h c a n b e c r e a t e d w i t h e m p i r i c a l v a l u e s o r g e n e r a t e d u s i n g v a r i a t i o n a l t u n i n g m e t h o d ( D e s r o z i e r s a n d I v a n o v , 2 0 0 1 ) u s e _ a n t c o r r f a l s e
+ ( m a x _ i n s t r u m e n t s ) . t r u e . : p e r f o r m A n t e n n a C o r r e c t i o n i n C R T M r t m _ o p
t i o n 1 w h i c h R T M ( R a d i a t i v e T r a n s f e r M o d e l ) t o u s e ( W R F D A m u s t b e c o m p i l e d w i t h t h e d e s i r e d m o d e l i n c l u d e d , s e e f i r s t s e c t i o n f o r d e t a i l s ) 1 : R T T O V 2 : C R T M o n l y _ s e a _ r a d f a l s e . t r u e . : a s s i m i l a t e r a d i a n c e o v e r w a t e r o n l y u s e _ v a r b c f a l s e . t r u e . : p e r f o r m V a r i a t i o n a l B i a s C o r r e c t i o n . A p a r a m e t e r f i l e i n A S C I I f o r m a t c a l l e d V A R B C . i n ( a t e m p l a t e i s p r o v i d e d w i t h t h e s o u r c e c o d e t a r b a l l ) i s r e q u i r e d . f r e e z e _ v a r b c f a l s e . t r u e : t o g e t h e r w i t h u s e _ v a r b c = . f a l s e . , k e e p t h e V a r B C b i a s p a r a m e t e r s c o
n s t a n t i n t i m e . I n t h i s c a s e , t h e b i a s c o r r e c t i o n i s r e a d a n d a p p l i e d t o t h e i n n o v a t i o n s , b u t i t i s n o t u p d a t e d d u r i n g t h e m i n i m i z a t i o n . v a r b c _ f a c t o r 1 . 0 f o r s c a l i n g t h e V a r B C p r e c o n d i t i o n i n g v a r b c _ n o b s m i n 1 0 d e f i n e s t h e m i n i m u m n u m b e r o f o b s e r v a t i o n s r e q u i r e d f o r t h e c o m p u t a t i o n o f t h e p r e d i c t o r s t a t i s t i c s d u r i n g t h e f i r s t a s s i m i l a t i o n c y c l e . I f t h e r e a r e n o t e n o u g h d a t a ( a c c o r d i n g t o " V A R B C _ N O B S M I N " ) o n t h e f i r s t c y c l e , t h e n e x t c y c l e w i l l p e r f o r m a c o l d s t a r t a g a i n . a i r s _ w a r m e s t _
f o v f a l s e . t r u e . : u s e s t h e o b s e r v a t i o n b r i g h t n e s s t e m p e r a t u r e f o r A I R S W i n d o w c h a n n e l # 9 1 4 a s c r i t e r i o n f o r G S I t h i n n i n g ( w i t h a h i g h e r a m p l i t u d e t h a n t h e d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e o b s e r v a t i o n l o c a t i o n t o t h e n e a r e s t g r i d p o i n t ) . u s e _ c r t m _ k m a t r i x f a l s e . t r u e . u s e C R T M K m a t r i x r a t h e r t h a n c a l l i n g C R T M T L a n d A D r o u t i n e s f o r g r a d i e n t c a l c u l a t i o n , w h i c h r e d u c e s r u n t i m e n o t i c e a b l y . u s e _ r t t o v _ k m a t r i x f a l s e . t r u e . u s e R T T O V K m a t r i x r a t h e r t h a n c a l l i n g R T T O V T L a n d A D r o u t i n e s f o r g r a d i e n t c a l c u l
a t i o n , w h i c h r e d u c e s r u n t i m e n o t i c e a b l y . r t t o v _ e m i s _ a t l a s _ i r 0 0 : d o n o t u s e I R e m i s s i v i t y a t l a s
+ 1 : u s e I R e m i s s i v i t y a t l a s ( r e c o m m e n d e d ) r t t o v _ e m i s _ a t l a s _ m w 0 0 : d o n o t u s e M W e m i s s i v i t y a t l a s
+ 1 : u s e T E L S E M M W e m i s s i v i t y a t l a s ( r e c o m m e n d e d )
+ 2 : u s e C N R M M W e m i s s i v i t y a t l a s & w r f v a r 1 5 ( n e e d s t o b e s e t t o g e t h e r w i t h & w r f v a r 1 9 ) n u m _ p s e u d o 0 S e t t h e n u m b e r o f p s e u d o o b s e r v a t i o n s , e i t h e r 0 o r 1 ( s i n g l e o b ) p s e u d o _ x 1 . 0 S e t t h e x - p o s i t i o n ( I ) o f t h e O B S i n u n i t o f g r i d - p o i n t . p s e u d o _ y
1 . 0 S e t t h e y - p o s i t i o n ( J ) o f t h e O B S i n u n i t o f g r i d - p o i n t . p s e u d o _ z 1 . 0 S e t t h e z - p o s i t i o n ( K ) o f O B S w i t h t h e v e r t i c a l l e v e l i n d e x , i n b o t t o m - u p o r d e r . p s e u d o _ v a l 1 . 0 S e t t h e i n n o v a t i o n o f t h e o b ; w i n d i n m / s , p r e s s u r e i n P a , t e m p e r a t u r e i n K , s p e c i f i c h u m i d i t y i n k g / k g
+ p s e u d o _ e r r 1 . 0 s e t t h e e r r o r o f t h e p s e u d o o b . U n i t t h e s a m e a s p s e u d o _ v a l . ; i f p s e u d o _ v a r = " q " , p s e u d o _ e r r = 0 . 0 0 1 i s m o r e r e a s o n a b l e . & w r f v a r 1 6 ( f o r h y b r i d W R F D A / e n s e m b l e ) a l p h a c v _ m e t h o d 2 1 : e n s e m b l e p e r t u
r b a t i o n s i n c o n t r o l v a r i a b l e s p a c e
+ 2 : e n s e m b l e p e r t u r b a t i o n s i n m o d e l v a r i a b l e s p a c e e n s d i m _ a l p h a 0 e n s e m b l e s i z e a l p h a _ c o r r _ t y p e 3 1 : a l p h a _ c o r r _ t y p e _ e x p
+ 2 : a l p h a _ c o r r _ t y p e _ s o a r
+ 3 : a l p h a _ c o r r _ t y p e _ g a u s s i a n ( d e f a u l t ) a l p h a _ c o r r _ s c a l e 1 5 0 0 . 0 k m & w r f v a r 1 7 a n a l y s i s _ t y p e 3 D - V A R " 3 D - V A R " : 3 D - V A R m o d e ( d e f a u l t ) ;
+ " Q C - O B S " : 3 D - V A R m o d e p l u s e x t r a f i l t e r e d _ o b s o u t p u t ;
+ " V E R I F Y " : v e r i f i c a t i o n m o d e . W R F D A r e s e t s c h e c k _ m a x _ i v = . f a l s e . a n d n t m a x = 0 ; " R A N D O M C V " : f o r c r e a t i n
g e n s e m b l e p e r t u r b a t i o n s a d j _ s e n s f a l s e . t r u e . : w r i t e o u t g r a d i e n t o f J o f o r a d j o i n t s e n s i t i v i t y & w r f v a r 1 8 ( n e e d s t o s e t & w r f v a r 2 1 a n d & w r f v a r 2 2 a s w e l l i f o b _ f o r m a t = 1 a n d / o r r a d i a n c e s a r e u s e d ) a n a l y s i s _ d a t e 2 0 0 2 - 0 8 - 0 3 _ 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 s p e c i f y t h e a n a l y s i s t i m e . I t s h o u l d b e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e f i r s t g u e s s t i m e ; h o w e v e r , i f t i m e d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n a n a l y s i s _ d a t e a n d d a t e i n f o r e a d i n f r o m f i r s t g u e s s i s l a r g e r t h a n a n a l y s i s _ a c c u , W R F D A w i l l i s s u e a w a r n i n g m e s s a g e ( " = = = = = = = > W r
o n g x b t i m e f o u n d ? ? ? " ) , b u t w o n ' t a b o r t . & w r f v a r 1 9 ( n e e d s t o b e s e t t o g e t h e r w i t h & w r f v a r 1 5 ) p s e u d o _ v a r t S e t t h e n a m e o f t h e O B S v a r i a b l e :
+ ' u ' = X - d i r e c t i o n c o m p o n e n t o f w i n d ,
+ ' v ' = Y - d i r e c t i o n c o m p o n e n t o f w i n d ,
+ ' t ' = T e m p e r a t u r e ,
+ ' p ' = P r e s s u r e ,
+ ' q ' = S p e c i f i c h u m i d i t y
+ " p w " : t o t a l p r e c i p i t a b l e w a t e r
+ " r e f " : r e f r a c t i v i t y
+ " z t d " : z e n i t h t o t a l d e l a y & w r f v a r 2 0 d o c u m e n t a t i o n _ u r l h t t p : / / w w w . m m m . u c a r . e d u / p e o p l e / w r f h e l p / w r f v a r / c o d e / t r u n k & w r f v a r 2 1 t i m e _ w i n d
o w _ m i n " 2 0 0 2 - 0 8 - 0 2 _ 2 1 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " s t a r t t i m e o f a s s i m i l a t i o n t i m e w i n d o w u s e d f o r o b _ f o r m a t = 1 a n d r a d i a n c e s t o s e l e c t o b s e r v a t i o n s i n s i d e t h e d e f i n e d t i m e _ w i n d o w . N o t e : S t a r t f r o m V 3 . 1 , t h i s v a r i a b l e i s a l s o u s e d f o r o b _ f o r m a t = 2 t o d o u b l e - c h e c k i f t h e o b s a r e w i t h i n t h e s p e c i f i e d t i m e w i n d o w .
+ & w r f v a r 2 2 t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m a x " 2 0 0 2 - 0 8 - 0 3 _ 0 3 : 0 0 : 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 " e n d t i m e o f a s s i m i l a t i o n t i m e w i n d o w u s e d f o r o b _ f o r m a t = 1 a n d r a d i a n c e s t o s e l e c t o b s e r v a t i o n s i n s i d e t h e d e f i n e d t i m e _ w i n d o w . N o t e :
t h i s v a r i a b l e i s a l s o u s e d f o r o b _ f o r m a t = 2 t o d o u b l e - c h e c k i f t h e o b s a r e w i t h i n t h e s p e c i f i e d t i m e w i n d o w . & p e r t u r b a t i o n ( s e t t i n g s r e l a t e d t o t h e 4 D - V a r ) j c d f i _ u s e f a l s e . t r u e . : I n c l u d e J c D F t e r m i n c o s t f u n c t i o n .
+ . f a l s e . : I g n o r e J c D F t e r m i n c o s t f u n c t i o n . j c d f i _ d i a g 1 0 : D o e s n ' t p r i n t o u t t h e v a l u e o f J c .
+ 1 : P r i n t o u t t h e v a l u e o f J c . j c d f i _ p e n a l t y 1 0 T h e w e i g h t t o J c t e r m . e n a b l e _ i d e n t i t y . f a l s e . . t r u e . : u s e i d e n t i t y a d j o i n t a n d t a n g e n t l i n e a r m o d e l i n 4 D - V a r .
+ . f a l s e . : u s e f u l l
a d j o i n t a n d t a n g e n t l i n e a r m o d e l i n 4 D - V a r . t r a j e c t o r y _ i o . t r u e . . t r u e . : u s e m e m o r y I / O i n 4 D - V a r f o r d a t a e x c h a n g e
+ . f a l s e . : u s e d i s k I / O i n 4 D - V a r f o r d a t a e x c h a n g e v a r 4 d _ d e t a i l _ o u t f a l s e . t r u e . : o u t p u t e x t r a d i a g n o s t i c s f o r d e b u g g i n g 4 D - V a r
+ O B S P R O C n a m e l i s t v a r i a b l e s .
+ V a r i a b l e N a m e s D e s c r i p t i o n & r e c o r d 1 o b s _ g t s _ f i l e n a m e n a m e a n d p a t h o f d e c o d e d o b s e r v a t i o n f i l e f g _ f o r m a t ' M M 5 ' f o r M M 5 a p p l i c a t i o n , ' W R F ' f o r W R F a p p l i c a t i o n o b s e r r . t x t n a m e a n d p a t h o f o b s e r v a t i o n a l e r r o r f i l e
f i r s t _ g u e s s _ f i l e n a m e a n d p a t h o f t h e f i r s t g u e s s f i l e & r e c o r d 2 t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m i n T h e e a r l i e s t t i m e e d g e a s c c y y - m m - d d _ h h : m n : s s t i m e _ a n a l y s i s T h e a n a l y s i s t i m e a s c c y y - m m - d d _ h h : m n : s s t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m a x T h e l a t e s t t i m e e d g e a s c c y y - m m - d d _ h h : m n : s s
+ * * N o t e : O n l y o b s e r v a t i o n s b e t w e e n [ t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m i n , t i m e _ w i n d o w _ m a x ] w i l l k e p t . & r e c o r d 3 m a x _ n u m b e r _ o f _ o b s M a x i m u m n u m b e r o f o b s e r v a t i o n s t o b e l o a d e d , i . e . i n d o m a i n a n d t i m e w i n d o w , t h i s i s i n d e p e n d e n t o f t h e n u m b e r o f o b s a c t u a l l y r e a d .
f a t a l _ i f _ e x c e e d _ m a x _ o b s . T R U E . : w i l l s t o p w h e n m o r e t h a n m a x _ n u m b e r _ o f _ o b s a r e l o a d e d
+ . F A L S E . : w i l l p r o c e s s t h e f i r s t m a x _ n u m b e r _ o f _ o b s l o a d e d o b s e r v a t i o n s . & r e c o r d 4 q c _ t e s t _ v e r t _ c o n s i s t e n c y . T R U E . w i l l p e r f o r m a v e r t i c a l c o n s i s t e n c y q u a l i t y c o n t r o l c h e c k o n s o u n d i n g q c _ t e s t _ c o n v e c t i v e _ a d j . T R U E . w i l l p e r f o r m a c o n v e c t i v e a d j u s t m e n t q u a l i t y c o n t r o l c h e c k o n s o u n d i n g q c _ t e s t _ a b o v e _ l i d . T R U E . w i l l f l a g t h e o b s e r v a t i o n a b o v e m o d e l l i d r e m o v e _ a b o v e _ l i d . T R U E . w i l l r e m o v e t h e o b s e r v a
t i o n a b o v e m o d e l l i d d o m a i n _ c h e c k _ h . T R U E . w i l l d i s c a r d t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s o u t s i d e t h e d o m a i n T h i n i n g _ S A T O B . F A L S E . : n o t h i n n i n g f o r S A T O B d a t a .
+ . T R U E . : t h i n n i n g p r o c e d u r e a p p l i e d t o S A T O B d a t a . T h i n i n g _ S S M I . F A L S E . : n o t h i n n i n g f o r S S M I d a t a .
+ . T R U E . : t h i n n i n g p r o c e d u r e a p p l i e d t o S S M I d a t a . T h i n i n g _ Q S C A T . F A L S E . : n o t h i n n i n g f o r S A T O B d a t a .
+ . T R U E . : t h i n n i n g p r o c e d u r e a p p l i e d t o S S M I d a t a . & r e c o r d 5 p r i n t _ g t s _ r e a d T R U E . w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t h e d e c o d e d o b s r e a d i n g i n f i l e o b s _ g t s
_ r e a d . d i a g p r i n t _ g p s p w _ r e a d . T R U E . w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t h e g p s p p w o b s r e a d i n g i n f i l e o b s _ g p s p w _ r e a d . d i a g p r i n t _ r e c o v e r p . T R U E . w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t h e o b s p r e s s u r e r e c o v e r y i n f i l e o b s _ r e c o v e r _ p r e s s u r e . d i a g p r i n t _ d u p l i c a t e _ l o c . T R U E . w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n s p a c e d u p l i c a t e r e m o v a l i n f i l e o b s _ d u p l i c a t e _ l o c . d i a g p r i n t _ d u p l i c a t e _ t i m e . T R U E . w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t i m e d u p l i c a t e r e m o v a l i n f i l e o b s _ d u p l i c a t e _ t i m e . d i a g p r i n t _ r e c o v e r h . T R U E w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t h e o b s h
e i g h t r e c o v e r y i n f i l e o b s _ r e c o v e r _ h e i g h t . d i a g p r i n t _ q c _ v e r t . T R U E w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t h e v e r t i c a l c o n s i s t e n c y c h e c k i n f i l e o b s _ q c 1 . d i a g p r i n t _ q c _ c o n v . T R U E w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t h e c o n v e c t i v e a d j u s t m e n t c h e c k i n f i l e o b s _ q c 1 . d i a g p r i n t _ q c _ l i d . T R U E . w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t h e a b o v e m o d e l l i d h e i g h t c h e c k i n f i l e o b s _ q c 2 . d i a g p r i n t _ u n c o m p l e t e . T R U E . w i l l w r i t e d i a g n o s t i c o n t h e u n c o m p l e t e d o b s r e m o v a l i n f i l e o b s _ u n c o m p l e t e . d i a g u s e r _ d e f i n e d _ a r e a . T R U E . : r e a d i n t h e r e c o r
d 6 : x _ l e f t , x _ r i g h t , y _ t o p , y _ b o t t o m ,
+ . F A L S E . : n o t r e a d i n t h e r e c o r d 6 . & r e c o r d 6 x _ l e f t W e s t b o r d e r o f s u b - d o m a i n , n o t u s e d x _ r i g h t E a s t b o r d e r o f s u b - d o m a i n , n o t u s e d y _ b o t t o m S o u t h b o r d e r o f s u b - d o m a i n , n o t u s e d y _ t o p N o r t h b o r d e r o f s u b - d o m a i n , n o t u s e d p t o p R e f e r e n c e p r e s s u r e a t m o d e l t o p p s 0 R e f e r e n c e s e a l e v e l p r e s s u r e b a s e _ p r e s S a m e a s p s 0 . U s e r m u s t s e t e i t h e r p s 0 o r b a s e _ p r e s . t s 0 M e a n s e a l e v e l t e m p e r a t u r e b a s e _ t e m p S a m e a s t s 0 . U s e r m u s t s e t e i t h e r t s 0 o r b a s e _ t e m p .
t l p T e m p e r a t u r e l a p s e r a t e b a s e _ l a p s e S a m e a s t l p . U s e r m u s t s e t e i t h e r t l p o r b a s e _ l a p s e . p i s 0 T r o p o p a u s e p r e s s u r e , t h e d e f a u l t = 2 0 0 0 0 . 0 P a b a s e _ t r o p o _ p r e s S a m e a s p i s 0 . U s e r m u s t s e t e i t h e r p i s 0 o r b a s e _ t r o p o _ p r e s t i s 0 I s o t h e r m a l t e m p e r a t u r e a b o v e t r o p o p a u s e ( K ) , t h e d e f a u l t = 2 1 5 K . b a s e _ s t a r t _ t e m p S a m e a s t i s 0 . U s e r m u s t s e t e i t h e r t i s 0 o r b a s e _ s t a r t _ t e m p . & r e c o r d 7 I P R O J M a p p r o j e c t i o n ( 0 = C y l i n d r i c a l E q u i d i s t a n c e , 1 = L a m b e r t C o n f o r m a l , 2 = P o l a r s t e r e o g r a p h i c , 3 = M e r c a t o r
) P H I C C e n t r a l l a t i t u d e o f t h e d o m a i n X L O N C C e n t r a l l o n g i t u d e o f t h e d o m a i n T R U E L A T 1 T r u e l a t i t u d e 1 T R U E L A T 2 T r u e l a t i t u d e 2 M O A D _ C E N _ L A T T h e c e n t r a l l a t i t u d e f o r t h e M o t h e r O f A l l D o m a i n s S T A N D A R D _ L O N T h e s t a n d a r d l o n g i t u d e ( Y - d i r e c t i o n ) o f t h e w o r k i n g d o m a i n . & r e c o r d 8 I D D D o m a i n I D ( 1 = < I D = < M A X N E S ) , O n l y t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s g e o g r a p h i c a l l y l o c a t e d o n t h a t d o m a i n w i l l b e p r o c e s s e d . F o r W R F a p p l i c a t i o n w i t h X L O N C / = S T A N D A R D _ L O N , s e t I D D = 2 , o t h e r w i s e s e t 1 . M A X N E S M a x i m u m n u m
b e r o f d o m a i n s a s n e e d e d . N E S T I X T h e I ( y ) - d i r e c t i o n d i m e n s i o n f o r e a c h o f t h e d o m a i n s N E S T J X T h e J ( x ) - d i r e c t i o n d i m e n s i o n f o r e a c h o f t h e d o m a i n s D I S T h e g r i d s i z e f o r e a c h o f t h e d o m a i n s . F o r W R F a p p l i c a t i o n , a l w a y s s e t N E S T I X ( 1 ) , N E S T J X ( 1 ) , a n d D I S ( 1 ) b a s e d o n t h e i n f o r m a t i o n i n w r f i n p u t . N U M C T h e m o t h e r d o m a i n I D n u m b e r f o r e a c h o f t h e d o m a i n s N E S T I T h e I l o c a t i o n i n i t s m o t h e r d o m a i n o f t h e n e s t d o m a i n ' s l o w l e f t c o r n e r - - p o i n t ( 1 , 1 ) N E S T I T h e J l o c a t i o n i n i t s m o t h e r d o m a i n o f t h
e n e s t d o m a i n ' s l o w l e f t c o r n e r - - p o i n t ( 1 , 1 ) . F o r W R F a p p l i c a t i o n , N U M C ( 1 ) , N E S T I ( 1 ) , a n d N E S T J ( 1 ) a r e a l w a y s s e t t o b e 1 . & r e c o r d 9 p r e p b u f r _ o u t p u t _ f i l e n a m e N a m e o f t h e P R E P B U F R O B S f i l e . p r e p b u f r _ t a b l e _ f i l e n a m e ' p r e p b u f r _ t a b l e _ f i l e n a m e ' ; n o t c h a n g e o u t p u t _ o b _ f o r m a t o u t p u t 1 , P R E P B U F R O B S f i l e o n l y ;
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