<p><b>xinzhang</b> 2009-06-18 10:28:41 -0600 (Thu, 18 Jun 2009)</p><p>Update for V3.1.1 release.<br>
</p><hr noshade><pre><font color="gray">Modified: trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap2.doc
===================================================================
(Binary files differ)
Modified: trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc 2009-05-07 18:13:15 UTC (rev 193)
+++ trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc 2009-06-18 16:28:41 UTC (rev 194)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-ࡱ
+ࡱ
-
+
Introduction
Data assimilation is the technique by which observations are combined with a NWP product (the first guess or background forecast) and their respective error statistics to provide an improved estimate (the analysis) of the atmospheric (or oceanic, Jovian, whatever) state. Variational (Var) data assimilation achieves this through the iterative minimization of a prescribed cost (or penalty) function. Differences between the analysis and observations/first guess are penalized (damped) according to their perceived error. The difference between three-dimensional (3D-Var) and four-dimensional (4D-Var) data assimilation is the use of a numerical forecast model in the latter.
-MMM Division of NCAR supports a unified (global/regional, multi-model, 3/4D-Var) model-space variational data assimilation system (WRF-Var) for use by NCAR staff and collaborators, and is also freely available to the general community, together with further documentation, test results, plans et
c., from the WRF-Var web-page HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/user_guide_V3/users_guide_chap6.htm" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/docs/user_guide_V3/users_guide_chap6.htm.
+MMM Division of NCAR supports a unified (global/regional, multi-model, 3/4D-Var) model-space variational data assimilation system (WRF-Var) for use by NCAR staff and collaborators, and is also freely available to the general community, together with further documentation, test results, plans etc., from the WRF-Var web-page HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/Docs/user_guide_V3.1/users_guide_chap6.htm" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/Docs/user_guide_V3.1/users_guide_chap6.htm.
Various components of the WRF-Var system are shown in blue in the sketch below, together with their relationship with rest of the WRF system.
xb: first guess either from previous WRF forecast or from WPS/real output.
@@ -42,18 +42,18 @@
Running WRF-Var requires a Fortran 90 compiler. We currently have currently tested the WRF-Var on the following platforms: IBM (XLF), SGI Altix (INTEL), PC/Linux (PGI, INTEL, GFORTRAN), and Apple (G95/PGI). Please let us know if this does not meet your requirements, and we will attempt to add other machines to our list of supported architectures as resources allow. Although we are interested to hear of your experiences on modifying compile options, we do not yet recommend making changes to the configure file used to compile WRF-Var.
Installing WRF-Var
-Before compiling the WRF-Var code, it is necessary to have at least installed the NetCDF, BLAS and LAPACK libraries. If any of the BLAS and LAPACK libraries are not available on the computer, they need to be installed first. The source code for these libraries can be freely downloaded from HYPERLINK "http://netlib.org/blas/" http://netlib.org/blas/ and HYPERLINK "http://netlib.org/lapack/" http:
//netlib.org/lapack/. Assuming, for example, that these libraries have been installed in subdirectories of /usr/local, the necessary environment variables in C-shell would be set by the commands looking something like
-> setenv BLAS /usr/local/blas > setenv LAPACK /usr/local/lapack
-If only conventional observational data from LITTLE_R format file is to be used, then only the NETCDF, BLAS and LAPACK libraries are mandatory. If you intend to use observational data with PREPBUFR format, the BUFR library has to be installed too and can be downloaded from HYPERLINK "http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/sib/decoders/BUFRLIB/" http://www.nco.ncep.noaa.gov/sib/decoders/BUFRLIB/. If you intend to assimilate satellite radiance data, in addition to BUFR library, either CRTM (V1.2) or RTTOV (8.7) have to be installed and they can be downloaded from HYPERLINK "ftp://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/jcsda/CRTM/"ftp://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/jcsda/CRTM/ and HYPERLINK &q
uot;http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/science/creating/working_tog!
ether/nw
psaf_public.html" http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/science/creating/working_together/nwpsaf_public.html. The additional necessary environment variables needed are set (again using the C-shell), by commands looking something like
-> setenv BUFR /usr/local/bufr
+Start with V3.1.1, to compile the WRF-Var code, it is necessary to have installed the NetCDF library if only conventional observational data from LITTLE_R format file is to be used.
+If you intend to use observational data with PREPBUFR format, an environment variables is needed to be set like (using the C-shell),
+> setenv BUFR 1
+If you intend to assimilate satellite radiance data, in addition to BUFR library, either CRTM (V1.2) or RTTOV (8.7) have to be installed and they can be downloaded from HYPERLINK "ftp://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/jcsda/CRTM/"ftp://ftp.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/jcsda/CRTM/ and HYPERLINK "http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/science/creating/working_together/nwpsaf_public.html"
http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/science/creating/working_together/nwpsaf_public.html. The additional necessary environment variables needed are set (again using the C-shell), by commands looking something like
> setenv RTTOV /usr/local/rttov87
(Note: make a linkage of $RTTOV/librttov.a to $RTTOV/src/librttov8.7.a) > setenv CRTM /usr/local/crtm
(Note: make a linkage of $CRTM/libcrtm.a to $CRTM/src/libCRTM.a )
-Note: Make sure the required libraries were all compiled using the same compiler that will be used to build WRF-Var, since the libraries produced by one compiler may not be compatible with code compiled with another. For BLAS, LAPACK and BUFR libraries compilation, they have to be compiled with the size of real variable = 8, which required by WRF-Var.
-Assuming all required libraries are available, the WRF-Var source code can be downloaded from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/get_source.html" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/
wrf/users/wrfda/download/get_source.html. After the tar fil!
e is unz
ipped (gunzip WRFDAV3.TAR.gz) and untarred (untar WRFDAV3.TAR), the directory WRFDA should be created; this directory contains the WRF-Var source code.
+Note: Make sure the required libraries were all compiled using the same compiler that will be used to build WRF-Var, since the libraries produced by one compiler may not be compatible with code compiled with another.
+Assuming all required libraries are available, the WRF-Var source code can be downloaded from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/get_source.html" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/users/wrfda/download/get_source.html. After the tar file is unzipped (gunzip WRFDAV3_1_1.TAR.gz) and untarred (untar WRFDAV3_1_1.TAR), the directory WRFDA should be created; this directory contains the WRF-Var source code.
To configure WRF-Var, change to the WRFDA directory and type
> ./configure wrfda
-A list of configuration options for your computer should appear. Each option combines a compil
er type and a parallelism option; since the configuration script doesnt check which compilers are actually available, be sure to only select among the options for compilers that are available on your system. The parallelism option allows for a single-processor (serial) compilation, distributed-memory parallel (dmpar) compilation. For example, on a Macintosh computer, the above steps look like:
+A list of configuration options for your computer should appear. Each option combines a compiler type and a parallelism option; since the configuration script doesnt check which compilers are actually available, be sure to only select among the options for compilers that are available on your system. The parallelism option allows for a single-processor (serial) compilation, shared-memory parallel (smpar) compilation, distributed-memory parallel (dmpar) compilation and distributed-memory with shared-memory parallel (sm+dm) compilation. For example, on a Macintosh computer, the above
steps look like:
> ./configure wrfda
checking for per!
l5... no
checking for perl... found /usr/bin/perl (perl)
@@ -64,17 +64,23 @@
Please select from among the following supported platforms.
1. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (serial)
- 2. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (dmpar)
- 3. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (serial)
- 4. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (dmpar)
- 5. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (serial)
- 6. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (dmpar)
- 7. Darwin (MACOS) g95 with gcc (serial)
- 8. Darwin (MACOS) g95 with gcc (dmpar)
- 9. Darwin (MACOS) xlf (serial)
- 10. Darwin (MACOS) xlf (dmpar)
+ 2. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (smpar)
+ 3. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (dmpar)
+ 4. Darwin (MACOS) PGI compiler with pgcc (dm+sm)
+ 5. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (serial)
+ 6. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (smpar)
+ 7. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (dmpar)
+ 8. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with icc (dm+sm)
+ 9. Darwin (MACOS) intel compile
r with cc (serial)
+ 10. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (smpar)
+ 11. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (dmpar)
+ 12. Darwin (MACOS) intel compiler with cc (dm+sm)
+ 13. Darwin (MACOS) g95 with gcc (serial)
+ 14. Darwin (MACOS) g95 with gcc (dmpar)
+ 15. Darwin (MACOS) xlf (serial)
+ 16. Darwin (MACOS) xlf (dmpar)
-Enter selection [1-10] : 7
+Enter selection [1-10] : 13
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Compile for nesting? (0=no nesting, 1=basic, 2=preset moves, 3=vortex following) [default 0]:
Configuration successful. To build the model type compile .
@@ -528,7 +534,7 @@
> ln -fs $WRFPLUS_DIR/main/wrfplus.exe .
> cd $WORK_DIR/tl
> ln -fs $WRFPLUS_DIR/main/wrfplus.exe .
-2) Link the observational data, first guess and BE.
+2) Link the observational data, first guess and BE. (Currently, only LITTLE_R formatted observational data is supported in 4D-Var, PREPBUFR observational data is not supported)
> cd $WORK_DIR
> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020512/ob.ascii+ ob01.ascii
> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020513/ob.ascii ob02.ascii
@@ -1098,7 +1104,7 @@
WRF-ARW V3: Users Guide 6- PAGE 4
-WRF-ARW V3: Users Guide 6- PAGE 53
+WRF-ARW V3: Users Guide 6- PAGE 7
@@ -1119,1343 +1125,1341 @@
-
-
-&
+
+
+&
-hR
-
-hR
-hR
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
-Px 4 #\'*.25@9
-hR
-hR
-(
-hR
--
-hR
-&
-&
+Px 4 #\'*.25@9
+hD^
+hD^
+&
+hD^
+B
+B
&
+hhd
&
+
& F
-&
-&
+hhd
+&
& F
h(
Hd
-`HgdR
+`HgdD^
& F
-J
-hR
+hhd
+&
+&
&
-
-
-hR
-c
-hR
-hR
+
+& F
+&
+&
+hD^
+T
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
l
-l
-hR
-hR
+l
l
-l
+l
l
-l
+l
l
-l
-hR
-hR
-w
-hR
-
-
-hR
-hR
-&
-
-hR
-
-&
-&
+l
+hD^
+|
+hD^
ȗȌȟȻȥȻȻȻ{t
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
+&
+hD^
+&
+&
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
l
+
t
l
+
t
-l
+l
t
l
+
t
-l
-
-hR
+l
dD^
+hD^
t
-l
+l
+
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
-hR
-
-hR
-
-
-
-
-
-hR
-hR
-hR
-hR
-
-hR
-hR
-0
-hR
-hR
-@
-hR
-hR
-&
+l
+hD^
+
+hD^
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
+"
+hD^
+hD^
+0
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
+hD^
+&
l
+
,#
-l
-K
-hR
-hR
+l
+hD^
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
-f
-K
+l
+f
,#
-l
-K
-hR
-hR
+l
+hD^
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
-f
-f
+l
+f
+f
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
-f
+
+f
,#
l
+
l
-
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-hR
+l
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-S
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
-
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-hR
-hR
+l
+hD^
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
-!
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-hR
+l
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-hR
-hR
+l
+hD^
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
-h
-hR
+
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-h
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
l
-
+
,#
-l
-hR
-hR
-f
+l
+hD^
+hD^
+f
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
-f
+
+f
,#
l
+
l
-
+
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-w
-hR
-hR
+l
+hD^
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
l
-
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
-w
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
-hR
-hR
+
+hD^
+hD^
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
l
+
#
-l
+l
,#
l
-hR
-hR
+
+hD^
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-"
+l
,#
l
+
l
-"
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
+"
,#
l
+
+"
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
-hR
-hR
+l
+
+hD^
+hD^
,#
l
+
l
-
+
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
-
-
+
l
-
+
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
l
-
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-hR
-hR
+l
+hD^
+hD^
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
l
-
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
l
-
+
#
l
-
-hR
-hR
+
+hD^
+hD^
#
l
+
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
-&"
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
-hR
+l
+hD^
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
l
-
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
-hR
+l
+hD^
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
-hR
-hR
+l
+hD^
+hD^
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
D
-
+
@@ -3261,10 +3265,11 @@
IT
IT
IT
- IT
y
+ IT
y
-
+
@@ -4150,7 +4155,7 @@
B82糪\*Ը5<61cm5%Z\WʘAۋ6_O*#}3锦g ?hD\pX`S]kFo~{Ee @
^''88ot~C@`HZ؋i 3G~ Q4:H+>.Y_C~Y BV="F g }@T@A =0=77mO=۪/vx ˮr^k`Vdmɀۖ|{۲[Z#`R @'@@OT\qdmGiMuȤV|T[e>JBYC╙mk K~ A @A ܇BA @A >@C(׃@A @A #:l@A @A`8 @A @qA @A &=Rn A @A :<@A @A`8 @A @qA @A &=Rn A @A :<@A @A`8 @A @qA @A &=Rn A @A :<@A @A`8 @A @qA @A &=Rn A @A :<@A @A`rگq
-
+
@@ -6760,7 +6765,7 @@
t
AKc E@@@@"f!!!!!K@DҘx!!!!!0&1AY@@@@ 41^@@@@@I "hLPi!!!!!4+ go'a
-
+
@@ -7920,7 +7925,7 @@
uܘ@9M~_ {ߘ2uJLx{MfS3ew> dp9e D @"MÛ֒@"D > dp9e D @"MlrZK*@"D $缗u"D @6I i-D @"@g^@"D $ &"D @"O}{YG @"D`28֒@"D > dp9e D @"MlrZK*@"D $缗u"D @6I i-D @"@g^@"D $ &"D @"O}{YG @"D`28֒@"D > dp9e D @"MlrZK*@"D $/9d tH
-
+
@@ -10277,7 +10282,7 @@
: ؆ ` p+_+;c\^5 w+LqgA X{![қ{lo;w0oӒ?c<\`W ٶ驨1 U%UasJW:}zC9߁B'){b:}C#Fv b =m}b#dOR] 9],E"P@(E @(E"P@89׳@(E"P@0Z\S@(E"Py9]@(E"P!".H"P@(E"PCEy"P@(E"P.
-
+
@@ -12890,7 +12895,7 @@
A @A`&Rx|n@A z`( s
-
+
@@ -18556,7 +18561,7 @@
-
+
& F
l
@@ -18597,13 +18602,13 @@
+
+
+
-o
-
+
+
@d
-@t
-
-'
-q
-z
-
-
-E
-M
-b
-q
-
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
0
s
0
?
?
P
p
`
-
-'
-q
-z
-
-
-E
-b
-q
-
-
d
"
"
quot;
4d
+@t
+
+<
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*
c
+
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
0
0
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
+p
;p
p
0
+
+<
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+*
d
;
+
+
d
"
"
quot;
4d
@
@@ -18680,8 +18713,10 @@
@
-
-
+
+
+
+
K
K
K
@@ -18696,83 +18731,116 @@
-
z
-K
-
-
+
z
+
+
-D
+
-
-
-
-
-
-
W
-]
-u
-z
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+7
+<
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
-
-
-
-
-y
-z
-
-
-A
-E
-K
-L
-b
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+9
fu
+
+,
+<
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+5
+k
+
:
^Zp;K`|$~
@@ -18782,37 +18850,36 @@
-^Z
+^Z
-`GT^5bBJ>*N
-E
-b
-q
-
+
m
+
-
+
+
-
-
-
+
+
.
+
+
+
+
-
\ No newline at end of file
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
</font>
</pre>