<p><b>xinzhang</b> 2009-04-01 23:06:00 -0600 (Wed, 01 Apr 2009)</p><p>save for chap6<br>
</p><hr noshade><pre><font color="gray">Modified: trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc
===================================================================
--- trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc        2009-04-01 21:50:13 UTC (rev 165)
+++ trunk/wrf/UsersGuide/users_guide_chap6.doc        2009-04-02 05:06:00 UTC (rev 166)
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-ࡱ
-        
-
+        
+
Before running WRF-Var, you may like to learn more about various types of data that will be assimilated for this case, for example, their geographical distribution, etc. This file is in ASCII format and so you can easily view it. To have a graphical view about the content of this file, there is a MAP_plot utility to look at the data distribution for each type of observations. To use this utility, proceed as follows.
> cd MAP_plot
> make
-We have prepared some configure.user.ibm/linux/mac files for some platforms, when make is typed, the Makefile will use one of them to determine the compiler and compiler option. Please modify the Makefile and configure.user.xxx to accommodate the complier on your platform. Once Successful compilation will produce Map.exe. Note: Compilation of Map.exe needs pre-installed NCARG Graphics libraries under $(NCARG_ROOT)/lib.
+We have prepared some configure.user.ibm/linux/mac files for some platforms, when make is typed, the Mak
efile will use one of them to determine the compiler and compiler option. Please modify the Makefile and configure.user.xxx to accommodate the complier on your platform. Once Successful compilation will produce Map.exe. Note: The compilation of Map.exe needs pre-installed NCARG Graphics libraries under $(NCARG_ROOT)/lib.
Modify the script Map.csh to set the time window and full path of input observation file (obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR). You will need to set the following strings in this script as follows:
Map_plot = /users/noname/WRFDA/var/obsproc/MAP_plot
TIME_WINDOW_MIN = 2008020511
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
obs_gts_2008-02-05_16:00:00.4DVAR
obs_gts_2008-02-05_17:00:00.4DVAR
obs_gts_2008-02-05_18:00:00.4DVAR
-They are the input observation files to WRF-4DVar. You can also use MAP_Plot to view the geographic distribution of different observations.
+They are the input observation files to WRF-4DVar. You can also use MAP_Plot to view the geographic distribution of different observations at different time slots.
Running WRF-Var
a. Download Test Data
@@ -260,11 +260,11 @@
NETCDFWRF Preprocessing System (WPS) and real.exe
or WRFObservationsASCII
(PREPBUFR also possible) HYPERLINK \l "_Running_Observation_Preprocessor" Observation Preprocessor (OBSPROC)Background Error StatisticsBinary HYPERLINK \l "_Running_gen_be" WRF-Var gen_be utility
-/DefaultIn the online tutorial, you will store data in a directory defined by the environment variable $DAT_DIR. This directory can be at any location and it should have read access. To run this case it is desired to have at least 100MB of memory to be made available on your machine (maybe much more for other cases). Type
+/DefaultIn the online tutorial, you will store data in a directory defined by the environment variable $DAT_DIR. This directory can be at any location and it should have read access. Type
        > setenv DAT_DIR your_choice_of_dat_dir
Here, "your_choice_of_dat_dir" is the directory where you aim to store the WRF-Var input data. Creat
e this directory if it does not exist, and type
        > cd $DAT_DIR
-Download the tutorial test data for a Tutorial case valid at 00 UTC 02 January 2007 from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/src/data/WRFV3.1-Var-testdata.tar.gz" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/src/data/WRFV3.1-Var-testdata.tar.gz
+Download the tutorial test data for a Tutorial case valid at 12 UTC 05 Februray 2008 from HYPERLINK "http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/src/data/WRFV3.1-Var-testdata.tar.gz" http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/wrf/src/data/WRFV3.1-Var-testdata.tar.gz
Once you have downloaded WRFV3.1-Var-testdata.tar.gz file to $DAT_DIR, extract it by typing
        > gunzip WRFV3.1-Var-testdata.tar.gz        > tar -xvf WRFV3.1-Var-testdata.tar
Now you should find the following three sub-directories/files under $DAT_DIR
@@ -272,23 +272,23 @@
......
You should first go through the section Running Observation Preprocessor (OBSPROC) and have a WRF-3DVar-ready observation file (obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR) generated in your OBSPROC working directory. You could then copy or move obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR to be in $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020512/ob.ascii.
If you want to try 4D-Var, please go through the section Running Observation Preprocessor (OBSPROC) and have WRF-4DVar-ready observation files (obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.4DVAR,). You could copy or move the observation files to $DAT_DIR/ob using following commands:
-mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020512/ob.ascii+
-mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_13:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020513/ob.ascii
-mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_14:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020514/ob.ascii
-mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_15:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020515/ob.ascii
-mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_16:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020516/ob.ascii
-mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_17:00:00.4
DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020517/ob.ascii
-mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_18:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020518/ob.ascii-
+> mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020512/ob.ascii+
+> mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_13:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020513/ob.ascii
+> mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_14:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020514/ob.ascii
+> mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_15:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020515/ob.ascii
+> mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_16:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020516/ob.ascii
+> mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_17:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020517/ob.ascii
+> mv obs_gts_2008-02-05_18:00:00.4DVAR $DAT_DIR/ob/2008020518/ob.ascii-
Now you have all the three input files (first guess, observation and background error statistics files in directory $DAT_DIR) required to run WRF-Var. Also, you have successfully downloaded and compiled the WRF-Var code. If this is correct, we are ready to learn how to run WRF-Var.
b. Run The Case3D-Var
The data for this case is v
alid at 12 UTC 5th February 2008. The first guess comes from!
the NCE
P global final analysis system (FNL), passed through the WRF-WPS and real programs.
To run WRF-3D-Var, first create a working directory, WRFDA/var/test/tutorial is a sample, then follow the steps below:
-cd WRFDA/var/test/tutorial
-ln -sf WRFDA/run/LANDUSE.TBL ./LANDUSE.TBL
-ln -sf $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01 ./fg (link first guess file as fg)
-ln -sf WRFDA/var/obsproc/obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR ./ob.ascii (link OBSPROC processed observation file as ob.ascii)
-ln -sf $DAT_DIR/be/be.dat ./be.dat (link background error statistics as be.dat)
-ln -sf WRFDA/var/da/da_wrfvar.exe ./da_wrfvar.exe (link executable)
+> cd WRFDA/var/test/tutorial
+> ln -sf WRFDA/run/LANDUSE.TBL ./LANDUSE.TBL
+> ln -sf $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01 ./fg (link first guess file as fg)
+> ln -sf WRFDA/var/obsproc/obs_gts_2008-02-05_12:00:00.3DVAR ./ob.ascii (link OBSPROC processed observation file as ob.ascii)
+> ln -sf $DAT_DIR/be/be.dat ./be.dat (link background err
or statistics as be.dat)
+> ln -sf WRFDA/var/da/da_wrfvar.exe ./da_wrfvar.exe (link executable)
vi namelist.input (a very basic namelist.input for running the tutorial test case is shown below. Only time and domain settings need to be specified for a certain case if using default settings provided in WRFDA/Registry/Registry.wrfvar)
&wrfvar1
print_detail_grad=false,/&wrfvar2/
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@
/
&namelist_quilt
/
-da_wrfvar.exe >&! wrfda.log
+> da_wrfvar.exe >&! wrfda.log
wrfda.log (or rsl.out.0000 if running in distributed-memory mode) contains important WRF-Var runtime log. Always check the log after a WRF-Var run:
*** VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS ***
DYNAMICS OPTION: Eulerian Mass Coordinate
@@ -497,11 +497,11 @@
To run WRF-4DVar, first create a working directory, WRFDA/var/test/4dvar is a sample,
Assume the working shell is C shell;
Assume the directories for WRFDA , WRFNL and WRFPLUS are :
-setenv WRFDA_DIR /ptmp/$user/WRFDA
-setenv WRFNL_DIR /ptmp/$user/WRFNL
-setenv WRFPLUS_DIR /ptmp/$user/WRFPLUS
+> setenv WRFDA_DIR /ptmp/$user/WRFDA
+> setenv WRFNL_DIR /ptmp/$user/WRFNL
+> setenv WRFPLUS_DIR /ptmp/$user/WRFPLUS
Assume the analysis date is 2008020512 and the test data directories are:
-setenv DATA_DIR /ptmp/$user/DATA
+> setenv DATA_DIR /ptmp/$user/DATA
> ls lr $DATA_DIR
ob/2008020512
ob/2008020513
@@ -514,63 +514,66 @@
be
Note: Currently, WRF-4DVar can only run with the observation data processed by OBSPROC, cannot work with PREPBUFR format data; WRF-4DVar can work with satellite radiance BUFR data, but the this capability is still under testing.
Assume the working directory is:
-setenv WORK_DIR $WRFDA_DIR/var/test/4dvar
+> setenv WORK_DIR $WRFDA_DIR/var/test/4dvar
Then follow the steps below:
1) Link the executables.
-cd $WORK_DIR
-ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/var/da/da_wrfvar.exe .
-cd $WORK_DIR/nl
-ln -fs $WRFNL_DIR/main/wrf.exe .
-cd $WORK_DIR/ad
-ln -fs $WRFPLUS_DIR/main/wrfplus.exe .
-cd $WORK_DIR/tl
-ln -fs $WRFPLUS_DIR/main/wrfplus.exe .
+> cd $WORK_DIR
+> ln -fs $WRFDA_DIR/var/da/da_wrfvar.exe .
+> cd $WORK_DIR/nl
+> ln -fs $WRFNL_DIR/main/wrf.exe .
+> cd $WORK_DIR/ad
+> ln -fs $WRFPLUS_DIR/main/wrfplus.exe .
+> cd $WORK_DIR/tl
+> ln -fs $WRFPLUS_DIR/main/wrfplus.exe .
2) Link the observational data, first guess and BE.
-cd $WORK_DIR
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/20080
20512/ob.ascii+ ob01.ascii
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020513/ob.ascii ob02.ascii
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020514/ob.ascii ob03.ascii
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020515/ob.ascii ob04.ascii
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020516/ob.ascii ob05.ascii
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020517/ob.ascii ob06.ascii
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020518/ob.ascii- ob07.ascii
+> cd $WORK_DIR
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020512/ob.ascii+ ob01.ascii
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020513/ob.ascii ob02.ascii
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020514/ob.ascii ob03.ascii
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020515/ob.ascii ob04.ascii
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020516/ob.ascii ob05.ascii
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020517/ob.ascii ob06.ascii
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/ob/2008020518/ob.ascii- ob07.ascii
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01 .
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfbdy_d01 .
-ln -fs wrfinput_d01 fg
-ln -fs wrfinput_d01 fg01
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfinput_d01 .
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/
rc/2008020512/wrfbdy_d01 .
+> ln -fs wrfinput_d01 fg
+>!
; ln -fs
wrfinput_d01 fg01
-ln -fs $DATA_DIR/be/be.dat .
+> ln -fs $DATA_DIR/be/be.dat .
3) Establish the miscellaneous links.
-cd $WORK_DIR
-ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_13:00:00 fg02
-ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_14:00:00 fg03
-ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_15:00:00 fg04
-ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_16:00:00 fg05
-ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_17:00:00 fg06
-ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_18:00:00 fg07
+> cd $WORK_DIR
+> ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_13:00:00 fg02
+> ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_14:00:00 fg03
+> ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_15:00:00 fg04
+> ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_16:00:00 fg05
+> ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_17:00:00 fg06
+> ln -fs nl/nl_d01_2008-02-05_18:00:00 fg07
-ln -fs ad/ad_d01_2008-02-05_12:00:00 gr01
+> ln -fs ad/ad_d01_2008-02-05_12:00:00 gr01
-ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_13:00:00 tl02
-ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_14:00:00 tl03
-ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_15:00:00 tl04
-ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_16:00:00 tl05
-ln -fs tl/tl_d01
_2008-02-05_17:00:00 tl06
-ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_18:00:00 tl07
+> ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_13:00:00 tl02
+> ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_14:00:00 tl03
+> ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_15:00:00 tl04
+> ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_16:00:00 tl05
+> ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_17:00:00 tl06
+> ln -fs tl/tl_d01_2008-02-05_18:00:00 tl07
-cd $WORK_DIR/ad
-ln -fs ../af01 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_12:00:00
-ln -fs ../af02 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_13:00:00
-ln -fs ../af03 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_14:00:00
-ln -fs ../af04 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_15:00:00
-ln -fs ../af05 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_16:00:00
-ln -fs ../af06 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_17:00:00
-ln -fs ../af07 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_18:00:00
+> cd $WORK_DIR/ad
+> ln -fs ../af01 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_12:00:00
+> ln -fs ../af02 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_13:00:00
+> ln -fs ../af03 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_14:00:00
+> ln -fs ../af04 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_15:00:00
+> ln -fs ../af05
auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_16:00:00
+> ln -fs ../af06 auxin!
put3_d01
_2008-02-05_17:00:00
+> ln -fs ../af07 auxinput3_d01_2008-02-05_18:00:00
4) Run with 1 processor (serial compilation required)
Edit $WORK_DIR/namelist.input to match your experiment settings.
+> cp $WORK_DIR/nl/namelist.input.serial $WORK_DIR/nl/namelist.input
Edit $WORK_DIR/nl/namelist.input to match your experiment settings.
+> cp $WORK_DIR/ad/namelist.input.serial $WORK_DIR/ad/namelist.input
+> cp $WORK_DIR/tl/namelist.input.serial $WORK_DIR/tl/namelist.input
Edit $WORK_DIR/ad/namelist.input and $WORK_DIR/tl/namelist.input to match your experiment settings, but only change following variables:
&time_control
run_hours=06,
@@ -592,9 +595,9 @@
dy=60000,
......
-cd $WORK_DIR
-setenv NUM_PROCS 1
-./da_wrfvar.exe >&! wrfda.log
+> cd $WORK_DIR
+> setenv NUM_PROCS 1
+> ./da_wrfvar.exe >&! wrfda.log
wrfda.log (or rsl.out.0000 if running in distributed-memory mode) contains important WRF-4DVar runtime log. Always check the log after a WRF-4DVar run.
Radiance Data Assimilations in WRF-Var
@@ -605,12 +608,12 @@
In addition to the basic input files (LANDUSE.TBL, fg, ob.ascii, be.dat) mentioned in HYPERLINK \l "_Running_WRF-Var_1" Running WRF-Var section, the following extra files are required for radiances: radiance data in NCEP BUFR format, radiance_info files, VARBC.in, RTM (CRTM or RTTOV) coefficient files.
Edit namelist.input (Pay special attention to &wrfvar4, &wrfvar14, &wrfvar21, and &wrfvar22 for radiance-related options)
-ln -sf ${DAT_DIR}/gdas1.t00z.1bamua.tm00.bufr_d ./amsua.bufr
-ln -sf ${DAT_DIR}/gdas1.t00z.1bamub.tm00.bufr_d ./amsub.bufr
-ln -sf WRFDA/var/run/radiance_info ./radiance_info # (radiance_info is a directory)
-ln -sf WRFDA/var/run/VARBC.in ./VARBC.in
-(CRTM only) ln -sf REL-1.2.JCSDA_CRTM/crtm_coeffs ./crtm_coeffs #(crtm_coeffs is a directory)
-(RTTOV only) ln -sf rttov87/rtcoef_rttov7/* . # (a list of rtcoef* files)
+> ln -sf ${DAT_DIR}/gdas1.t00z.1bamua.tm00.bufr_d ./amsua.bufr
+> ln -sf ${D
AT_DIR}/gdas1.t00z.1bamub.tm00.bufr_d ./amsub.bufr
+> ln -sf WRFDA/var/run/radiance_info ./radiance_info # (radiance_info is a directory)
+> ln -sf WRFDA/var/run/VARBC.in ./VARBC.in
+(CRTM only) > ln -sf REL-1.2.JCSDA_CRTM/crtm_coeffs ./crtm_coeffs #(crtm_coeffs is a directory)
+(RTTOV only) > ln -sf rttov87/rtcoef_rttov7/* . # (a list of rtcoef* files)
See the following sections for more details on each aspect.
@@ -819,7 +822,7 @@
rsl*: Files containing information of standard WRF-Var output from individual processors when multiple processors are used. It contains host of information on number of observations, minimization, timings etc. Additional diagnostics may be printed in these files by including various print WRF-Var namelist options. To learn more about these additional print options, search print_ string in WRFDA/Registry/Registry.wrfvar.
statistics: Text file containing OMB (OI), OMA (OA) statistics (minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation) for each observation type and variable. This information is very useful in diagnosing how WRF-Var has used different components of the observing system. Also contained are the analysis minus background (A-B) statistics i.e. statistics of the analysis increments for each model variable at each model level. This information is very useful in checking the range of analysis increment values found in the analysis, and where they are in the WRF-mode
l grid space.
The WRF-Var analysis file is wrfvar_output. It is in WRF (NetCDF) format. It will be the wrfinput_d01 of your following WRF run after lateral boundary and/or low boundary conditions are updated by another WRF-Var utility (See section Updating WRF boundary conditions).
-A NCL script WRFDA/var/graphcs/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl, is provided for plotting. You need to specify the analsyis_file name, its full path etc. Please see the in-line comments in the script for details.
+A NCL script WRFDA/var/graphcs/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl, is provided for plotting. You need to specify the analsyis_file name, its full path etc. Please see the in-line comments in the script for details.
As an example, if you are aiming to display U-component of the analysis at level 18, execute following command after modifying the script WRFDA/var/graphcs/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl, make sure following piece of codes are uncommented:
var = "U"
fg = first_guess->U
@@ -833,10
+836,10 @@
Take time to look through the text output files to ensure you understand how WRF-Var has performed. For example,
How closely has WRF-Var fitted individual observation types? Look at the statistics file to compare the O-B and O-A statistics.
How big are the analysis increments? Again, look in the statistics file to see minimum/maximum values of A-B for each variable at various levels. It will give you a feel of the impact of input observation data you assimilated via WRF-Var by modifying the input analysis first guess.
-How long did WRF-Var take to converge? Does it really converge? You will get the answers of all these questions by looking into rsl-files, as it indicates the number of iterations taken by WRF-Var to converge. If this is the same as the maximum number of iterations specified in the namelist (NTMAX) or its default value (=200) set in WRFDA/Registry/Registry.wrfvar, then it means that the analysis solution did not converge. If so, you may like to increase
the value of NTAMAX and rerun your case to ensure that the convergence is achieved. On the other hand, a normal WRF-Var run should usually converge within 100 iterations. If it still doesnt converge in 200 iterations, that means there might be some problem in the observations or first guess.
+How long did WRF-Var take to converge? Does it really converge? You will get the answers of all these questions by looking into rsl-files, as it indicates the number of iterations taken by WRF-Var to converge. If this is the same as the maximum number of iterations specified in the namelist (NTMAX) or its default value (=200) set in WRFDA/Registry/Registry.wrfvar, then it means that the analysis solution did not converge. If so, you may like to increase the value of NTMAX and rerun your case to ensure that the convergence is achieved. On the other hand, a normal WRF-Var run should usually converge within 100 iterations. If it still doesnt converge in 200 iterations, that means th
ere might be some problem in the observations or first guess!
.
A goo
d visual way of seeing the impact of assimilation of observations is to plot the analysis increments (i.e. analysis minus first guess difference). There are many different graphics packages used (e.g. RIP4, NCL, GRADS etc) that can do this. The plot of level 18 theta increments below was produced using the particular NCL script. This script is located at WRFDA/var/graphcs/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl.
You need to modify this script to fix the full path for first_guess & analysis files. You may also like to modify the display level by setting kl and the name of the variable to display by setting var. Further details are given in this script.
-If you are aiming to display increment of potential temperature at level 18, after modifying WRFDA/var/graphcs/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl suitably, make sure following pieces of codes are uncommented:
+If you are aiming to display increment of potential temperature at level 18, after modifying WRFDA/var/graphcs/ncl/WRF-Var_plot.ncl suitably,
make sure following pieces of codes are uncommented:
var = "T"
fg = first_guess->T ;Theta- 300
an = analysis->T ;Theta- 300
@@ -850,11 +853,11 @@
Updating WRF boundary conditions
Before running NWP forecast using WRF-model, you must modify the tendencies within the lateral boundary condition file to make it consistent with the new WRF-Var initial condition (analysis). This is absolutely essential because when you initially generated the tendencies for the lateral boundary condition (in wrfbdy_d01 file), it was consistent but subsequently by doing WRF-Var you changed the initial value (at t=0) and so accordingly the initial tendencies needs to be updated in this file (wrfbdy_d01) to adjust the change at the initial time. Moreover, in the cycling run mode (warm-start), the low boundary in the WRF-Var anaylsis file also need to be updated based on the information of the wrfinput file generated by WPS/real.exe at the analysis time. So there are three input files: WRF-Var analysis, wrfinput and wrfbdy files from WPS/real.exe, and a namelist file: param.in for running update_bc.exe.
This is a simple procedure performed by
the WRF-Var utility called da_updated_bc.exe.
-Note: Make sure that you have da_update_bc.exe in WRFDA/var/da directory. This executable should be created when you compiled WRF-Var code,
+Note: Make sure that you have da_update_bc.exe in WRFDA/var/build directory. This executable should be created when you compiled WRF-Var code,
To run da_update_bc.exe, follow the steps below:
-cd WRFDA/var/test/update_bc
-cp p $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfbdy_d01 ./wrfbdy_d01 (IMPORTANT: make a copy of wrfbdy_d01 as the wrf_bdy_file will be overwritten by da_update_bc.exe)
-vi parame.in
+> cd WRFDA/var/test/update_bc
+> cp p $DAT_DIR/rc/2008020512/wrfbdy_d01 ./wrfbdy_d01 (IMPORTANT: make a copy of wrfbdy_d01 as the wrf_bdy_file will be overwritten by da_update_bc.exe)
+> vi parame.in
&control_param
wrfvar_output_file = './wrfvar_output'
wrf_bdy_file = './wrfbdy_d01'
@@ -865,13 +868,23 @@
low_bdy_only = .false.
update_lsm = .false.
/
-ln sf WRFDA/var/da/da_update_bc.exe ./da_update_bc.exe
-./da_updatebc.exe
+> ln sf WRFDA/var/da/da_update_bc.exe ./da_update_bc.exe
+> ./da_updatebc.exe
At this stage, you should have wrfvar_output and wrfbdy_d01 in your WRF-Var working. They are the WRF-Var updated initial condition and boundary condition for your following WRF model run. Link a copy of wrfvar_output and wrfbdy_d01 to wrfinput_d01 and wrfbdy_d01, respectively, in your WRF working directory.
Running gen_be
-The background error statistics file supplied with the tutorial test case can NOT be used for your applications other than the tutorial case. It is necessary to generate your domain-specific background error statistics with the gen_be utility.
+From WRFDA version 3.1, the users have two choices to define the background error covariance (BE). We call them CV3 and CV5 respectively. It is difficulty to tell which BE is better; the i
mpact on analysis varies case by case.
+CV3 is the NCEP background error covariance, it is estimated in grid space by what has become known as the NMC method (Parrish and Derber 1992) . The statistics are estimated with the differences of 24 and 48-hour GFS forecasts with T170 resolution valid at the same time for 357 cases distributed over a period of one year. Both the amplitudes and the scales of the background error have to be tuned to represent the forecast error in the guess fields. The statistics that project multivariate relations among variables are also derived from the NMC method.
+
+The variance of each variable and the variance of its second derivative are used to estimate its horizontal scales. For example, the horizontal scales of the stream function can be estimated from the variance of the vorticity and stream function.
+
+The vertical scales are estimated with the vertical correlation of each variable. A table is built to cover the range of vertical scale
s for the variables. The table is then used to find the scal!
es in ve
rtical grid units. The filter profile and the vertical correlation are fitted locally. The scale of the best fit from the table is assigned as the scale of the variable at that vertical level for each latitude. Note that the vertical scales are locally defined so that the negative correlation further away in the vertical direction is not included.
+
+Theoretically, CV3 BE is a generic background error statistics file can be used for any case. It is quite straightforward to use CV3 in your own case. To use CV3 BE file in your case, just set cv_options=3 in $wrfvar7 and the be.dat is located in WRFDA/var/run/be.dat.cv3.
+
+To use CV5 background error covariance, it is necessary to generate your domain-specific background error statistics with the gen_be utility. The background error statistics file supplied with the tutorial test case can NOT be used for your applications other than the tutorial case
+
The Fortran main programs for gen_be can be found in WRFDA/var/gen_be. The
executables of gen_be should be created after you have compiled the WRF-Var code (as described earlier). The scripts to run these codes are in WRFDA/var/scripts/gen_be.
The input data for gen_be are WRF forecasts, which are used to generate model perturbations, used as a proxy for estimates of forecast error. For the NMC-method, the model perturbations are differences between forecasts (e.g. T+24 minus T+12 is typical for regional applications, T+48 minus T+24 for global) valid at the same time. Climatological estimates of background error may then be obtained by averaging such forecast differences over a period of time (e.g. one month). Given input from an ensemble prediction system (EPS), the inputs are the ensemble forecasts, and the model perturbations created are the transformed ensemble perturbations. The gen_be code has been designed to work with either forecast difference, or ensemble-based perturbations. The former is illustrated in this tutorial example.
@@ -9
54,7 +967,6 @@
Run tutorial case with
&wrfvar6
eps = 0.0001
-
/
You may like to compare various diagnostics with earlier run.
(e) Response of outer loop on minimization:
@@ -968,10 +980,9 @@
The types of observations that WRF-Var gets to use actually depend on what is included in the observation file and the WRF-Var namelist settings. For example, if you have SYNOP data in the observation file, you can suppress its usage in WRF-Var by setting use_synopobs=false in record &wrfvar4 of namelist.input. It is OK if there is no SYNOP data in the observation file and use_synopobs=true.
Turning on and off of certain types of observations are widely used for assessing impact of observations on data assimilations.
Note: It is important to go through the default use_* settings in record &wrfvar4 in WRFDA/Registry/Registry.wrfvar to know what observations are activated in default.
-
+
Description of Namelist Variables
WRF-Var namelist variables.
-
Variable NamesDefault ValueDescription&wrfvar1write_incrementsfalse.true.: write out a binary analysis increment file.var4dfalse.true.: 4D-Var modemulti_inc0> 0: multi-incremental runvar4
d_coupling21: var4d_coupling_disk_linear, 2: var4d_coupling_disk_simulprint_detail_radarfalseprint_detail_xxx: output extra (sometimes can be too many) diagnostics for debugging; not recommended to turn them on for production runs.print_detail_xafalseprint_detail_xbfalseprint_detail_obsfalseprint_detail_gradfalsethe purpose of print_detail_grad is changed in V3.1
.true.: to print out detailed gradient of each observation type at each iteration and write out detailed cost function and gradient into files called cost_fn and grad_fn.check_max_iv_printtrueobsolete (only used by Radar)&wrfvar2analysis_accu900seconds, if time difference between namelist setting
(analysis_date) and date info read in from first guess is larger than analysis_accu, WRF-Var will issue a warning message ("=======> Wrong xb time found???"), but won't abort.
@@ -1068,10 +1079,10 @@
-WRF-ARW V3: Users Guide        6- PAGE 8
+WRF-ARW V3: Users Guide        6- PAGE 24
-WRF-ARW V3: Users Guide        6- PAGE 7
+WRF-ARW V3: Users Guide        6- PAGE 19
@@ -1092,11 +1103,31 @@
-
-
-&
+
+
+&
@@ -1108,1491 +1139,2436 @@
-h9
-&
-
+h
+
+&
+
-Px4 #\'*.25@9
hs,t
-&F
-&
+Px4 #\'*.25@9
h
+
+&F
+&
&F
-&
-&F
+
+&
+&F
&
-
-&F
-&
-h9
-e
+
+&F
+&
h
+
h
+
+h
+
l
-l
+l
+e
l
-l
+l
+f
l
-l
+l
l
-l
-v
-v
-h9
-
-&
-
+l
+x
+
+h
+
+&
t
-l
+l
t
l
+
t
-l
+l
t
l
+
t
-l
+l
t
l
+
t
-l
B*ph
hz
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
+l
t
-l
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-h9
-&
-h9
-h9
+l
h
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
$a$
+&
+h
+
+h
+
+&
l
-
+
,#
-l
+l
+h
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
-f
+
+f
,#
-l
-h9
+l
l
+
,#
-l
-f
-f
+l
+h
+
+f
+f
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
-f
+
+f
,#
l
+
,#
l
+
l
-
+
,#
l
+
,#
-l
+l
+\
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-6
-h9
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
+h
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
l
-
-6
+
,#
l
-6
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-h9
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
+h
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
,#
-l
-C
-h9
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
+h
+
,#
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-C
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-h9
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
+h
+
,#
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-S
-h9
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
l
-
+
+h
+
,#
l
+
,#
-l
-f
-f
+l
+f
+f
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
l
-
+
,#
l
+
,#
l
+
,#
-l
-S
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
-h9
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
+g
+h
+
#
l
+
l
-
+
+_
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
-h9
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
+g
#
l
+
+g
+l
+n
+h
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
l
+
#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
l
+
,#
-l
-h9
+l
,#
l
+
,#
l
+
+n
,#
-l
+l
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
+h
+
l
+
l
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
l
+
,#
l
+
l
-
-
-
+
l
+
l
+
,#
-l
+l
l
-
+
,#
l
-h9
-h9
+
,#
l
+
,#
-l
+l
+h
+
+h
+
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
,#
-l
+l
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
l
+
#
-l
-h9
+l
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
l
-
+
#
l
+
+h
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
-h9
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
l
-
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
+h
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
l
-
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
-h9
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
+h
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
-
-
-
-h9
-h9
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
l
+
#
-l
+l
+
+
+
+
+h
+
+h
+
#
-l
+l
#
l
+
#
l
-
-
-
-#
+
+
+
+#
+#?
Zcd
@@ -3087,9 +4063,11 @@
aoq[;kw}SO>ؖ*''f:S~0`]^yUZ73nEc~Wн>
'=)|L9/f}%io}]>h|O)~.K闯_>w~տ~:[w;yoH        s|]H90;X'5/4HOvwH2쬬D
-
-
+n/I
+epConف(,@E@|@ZU!439;$37uBb^Bb%c5
+)EE)ELb`yĢTԔ|TbҢT=NL
+
+
aߗ!,3@E
hA[^Ql^*Q,Z@*(KAKā0@        3d 94ɽI$|2mړON}r\2bKթ+-b8WZ,o˯[ZܮMGK8KX3X?秶,"cϚ>bv
UW]U|̇
@@ -3232,9 +4210,9 @@
>.$vܜR@̓';;$qU~PvVVW
pg^%
-31
-
-
+31
+
+
bWV
g0a@>Dž>gz_V:\n~{Iu>f{a        {y®k'\"ᠰ~hǵʰ.kk~c})l6#쨰^:n|6ʰ&8=,Wk1[aͣքa;;̵f2,õo? ,d-m؛5apͰz0eް^kXcusV=VxG(߾{X        ~a{a
@@ -3801,12 +4779,9 @@
ũ
%
%Ez@63r/
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
)wsCO>c8㚚j-ղQ9{>3f}
&lM
@@ -4007,7 +4982,8 @@
h=aᡗ#%8c&86d\''NLP,if1Ss*1{syXKZ:eٓWƬ:zk۸CJ}<;[[};B|zˁ|poYrα?XUӊ3e9qvƹ~_~]s>g~Fti=Y<T>z`d?i~b=aףfQ?ӱO6t5xp!ܐB;+ҧȅIᛋv*zx#u,zv{ʝ+7>Qoή<ʻ1֩z-j6լv:u;ԫ[lHNxðF%4itP3a-δ$vk?;غSWycn1^zc̋ߜY7Ct؞_F\yNب*=ľIiq-OpdR㦜Lj,Ki<i=:cDYs]?|¾-̲/ZqcբUuc?2m)Pb|t2mQ-;ڵS{|ymߔL;hf,IG~]~ƩBǬF[~Oθ0a{^jy92KW^[{Hce;;Yw?7
4}ouV{w̏N{Q#HD>?=ouӖOW>g5ZuF"?;^+49)%olח<ϔ^|G]o
M.{xѽ>tIbu;/ w53S;}}RZ!
A{EQG_?ϵcؤ䴔        Ƨt
-bz        6iڸq?"
l
l
@@ -4051,13 +5027,11 @@
t
t
-
-
-
-
-{{
-{{
+
+
+{{
+{{2?        
qxX_{N?f1_q3
c?7
gݾ(C+0sb!}Q1
-E<f߿s<{B;wjhw9ҥK9hK/˗/GkQ|MKV㵠;Wx5|Chaq,1D/믑=v<)RP:tH`,1ܹ3]#iY0&ؘ_!1<mǥ>$B!B!B!$qpps?_R###C4O320{ͺ8_>up8~|;/"|v:zOxx7 <<nAᥝG8Cq~z%qջ&ײU|);鴤XNh9G>ϥPWy%]GHIߙ;_onSs]2YZοw⳿8.ۧs>Gο+v7չN/pݶw(ک_Ia[!\pTܿ?        "W,οE])ty1V#kdohp(p}HZ9}vA^!!?8v@v]EYcGgi,sק+GοUw$yq"u}{wWvһ ɜ%MxMftz}nР߬#Q4}8ȓQvWѽkj8Tdʖ~Y7!I
-
-
-
-
-)EE){0eRRSSRSJSSJ22
-2KJRN20lRg^
+E<f߿s<{B;wjhw9ҥK9hK/˗/GkQ|MKV㵠;Wx5|Chaq,1D/믑=v<)RP:tH`,1ܹ3]#iY0&ؘ_!1<mǥ>$B!B!B!$qpps?_R###C4O320{ͺ8_>up8~|;/"|v:zOxx7 <<nAᥝG8Cq~z%qջ&ײU|);鴤XNh9G>ϥPWy%]GHIߙ;_onSs]2YZοw⳿8.ۧs>Gο+v7չN/pݶw(ک_Ia[!\pTܿ?        "W,οE])ty1V#kdohp(p}HZ9}vA^!!?8v@v]EYcGgi,sק+GοUw$yq"u}{wWvһ ɜ%MxMftz}nР߬#Q4}8ȓQvWѽkj8Tdʖ~Y7!
+
+
+
\)QTD"tOHG/ET^"T]WyO}f7l3gflyg9sεq"E%Y#vw6(ɰZF;۱3qE5߶Wi#E9UH        """"""r^^}UiѢmVL".\s>|X(.]RȲe9}[2k,[7Ȅ        \?6LVZe>?>S_۷-{zwd~_ʊDtϟ
HDD(QBy]KN
.,۷os^Z=S2eȀ,Aɮ]|L
@@ -4280,13 +5250,12 @@
*wȜ9Y+\r{.Ç;!,uDs1S̾3gΘHU"oxb5ҥKsu;{iᇾc$VGX9sfxoҤo<3xB6l@ddYɞ={ӧO7WDժU3        wǺŋm/1w\E>}\[>ϟ={o_r~0]vMX\Ovq^9揙żI>ID뒓9J>H"3XWs5'NUЪUTe+b~#kך
6<gMܻ; 4h`ˌa{I        7zY,`}}bxm]n]Sd/+R&>fr|l+:vhY0nܸύ|_vڵkcڴi%p,3>}{mۖfK*NjSre?_~ז:"Yw}gƶJI؎9bK.(Z~dsi`&f֬YXpqRYkmKL}YQog_ƾ,piukseX%"NvC:ׯoۗTԫW1W^f
<>M6PɯӧO}_wuRJq߃'%sޒ%K{n/66s=gْǴ#͘lwfN{\=}<xiߧ:X:}l>oʔ)祤}\7N:        ]CE\p6֑>}߲eo\/[/lKl,Ygd(Qo_\f=ތh͚5~mqYccMl4-1W͌qu2)Co?sGc3&|u<'g˗/cǎwneI2_5o6meAA҅][W"]NMl$EPœGAOG=xAkO        B)Mư ]wx'ɼod FCQţŖ,fdYn(C}ubEBv"8<nb*<O@*f|~4z:A~
-&Zm=fkTЊMɳ8m6-ШW_uIUQr7廫%r< 7@|',+.K⛮܉Q.}QJw/ߓ_~մWځVy"MiWI
-
-
-
-
-y)
-v2\ˠ[PZ\_r XF!(U!/55%5E$_85U$#X 3(U:DM
+)EE){0eRRSSRSJSSJ22
+2KJRN20lRg^
+
+
?uXMLLDFtO>EҥƘ?^oٳnkطoҏ# #Z-n߾m'OF``sPK}X`cbԨQ4+WD߾}z
@@ -4758,13 +5727,11 @@
@        jߒznMŔρ}q$:_uS-/Y$Ěm6UySiX<ĄQ߄L!I0^CR$=VSK
ZoTZnc\<qR`YCZn, %TG>VF@OA
-Om=ttzfZFv=+Mӝݺgieͷ,-(}-Ag+<ϙEd^Kd;}vV4Rn|>GLw-ޒlD&r;˱=^܀d,`+tgY~/F>;rcZoko,?bmW3hvU&j~z-B嗷DJm_R_DuDsay=kM|3J}D%-'vh&z8AT>gu-,)ҢJlÈuٲcٺqOkrΞΊVNv+y=+zW~PT2eLYdNu+7XSOtwOv88{k5+[qr_)ЎroN8Фjn>h)ښm+E
-
-
-
-
+Om=ttzfZFv=+Mӝݺgieͷ,-(}-Ag+<ϙEd^Kd;}vV4Rn|>GLw-ޒlD&r;˱=^܀d,`+tgY~/F>;rcZoko,?bmW3hvU&j~z-B嗷DJm_R_DuDsay=kM|3J}D%-'vh&z8AT>gu-,)ҢJlÈuٲcٺqOkrΞΊVNv+y=+zW~PT2eLYdNu+7XSOtwOv88{k5+[qr_)ЎroN8Фjn>h)ښm+
y)
-1\ˠ[PZ\_r4XF!(U!/55%5E$_85U$#X 3(UlM
+v2\ˠ[PZ\_r XF!(U!/55%5E$_85U$#X 3(U:DM
+
+
J&H(yA@(( >φ4@(zoRAJhUx"|oܒ{M9Aٹ͙9sf !3'J̓
ƾEw{ly&cQL0窲
6֭GAW42D'FhC8YJ3Kͼƪc']^AA_FaaϱRrQ0VF6ꉆQiaěnF֭-PQ6.cLzfwO?OdoQT1l[TQc
Jߙ7gdct#H6\FoY!1N)#*zUS
-GN]fݝ1bdy7qڬUԝR?uy
-
-
-
-
-0f&gdTHKQH|Ƹ
-EV^܂ORRSSRSJSSJ22
-2KJR13lRg^
+GN]fݝ1bdy7qڬUԝR?u
+y)
+1\ˠ[PZ\_r4XF!(U!/55%5E$_85U$#X 3(UlM
+
+
,(K,1(DDD9xL0Avk֬u+WdDDD9rX,={E!""2̬Ytz͚5>|8KFDDDݻwɓٞ "u߾}%<<\bbbdDDDDDDD)5|DEEɭ[dȐ!{|7ސ+WJ:u$oC[jo^oߞ!N:%ӦM#F3QFɤIuqٳgܾ}EGG{vڑ#GkDDDd,ժU5kBѢEH"Æ
sپ[nz}̙rRL*˖-slDD4H2d*r_~l۶˶ҥ7~x
<^t~
@@ -6753,7 +7718,10 @@
?|ӱ-'TNN:ta83ܵ7*nf܊q={}pGOzRs_xJvŻw}۟R>\/_}-۱fQO*uwߎ;?p9)8#rsJav1Oj^h0b| Ue8AYY^@˪2B¡g| .bP`\νƎl6xiY&wSZٌJ0`כs@CO^Zs9Teg(8{é:
yz:
F7
+
+0f&gdTHKQH|Ƹ
+EV^܂ORRSSRSJSSJ22
+2KJR13lRg^
55#v#v#v
:V
2
@@ -7524,7 +8492,7 @@
-
+
&F
l
@@ -7565,13 +8533,13 @@
+
+
+
-
+
+r
+
+
@d
-@t
-p
-
-
-
-0
-=
-M
-
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
0
0
Š
-p
-
-
-
-0
-=
-M
-
$d
$d
$d
$d
$d
$d
+@t
+r
+
+
+Y
+a
+h
+
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
+ 0
;^P
j
p
+p
P+p
p
pv
+r
+
+
+Y
+a
+h
+
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
4d
/
/
@
@@ -7664,63 +8636,66 @@
-
z
-6
+
z
+g
+
+
-
+
+
-[
-t
-v
-
-.
-5
-B
-V
-Z
-e
+$
+r
+
+
+
+
+
+,
d
+h
+y
;
-P
-v
-
-
-1
-=
.n
+P
+[
+o
+r
+y
+
7
+:
+V
+h
+v
:
^Zp;K`|$~
@@ -7730,34 +8705,31 @@
-
-^Z
+
+^Z
-`GT^5bBJ>*N
-0
-=
-M
-
-
-
+`GT^5bBJ>*N
I
+a
+h
+
+
+
+
+
r
+
+
-
-
-
\ No newline at end of file
+
+
+
\ No newline at end of file
</font>
</pre>