<div dir="ltr">

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">Dear Friends,</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN"><br></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">The <a name="OLE_LINK1">2016 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference </a>(URSI
AP-RASC 2016) will be held from Aug 21 to 25, 2016 in Seoul, Korea. There are
several special sessions of this conference will be of particular interest to
the CEDAR community.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">The paper submission deadline for special sessions is on April 5, 2016, and
the guidelines for paper submission can be found at <a href="http://aprasc2016.org/Paper_Submission.php"><span style="color:blue">http://aprasc2016.org/Paper_Submission.php</span></a>.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Should you have any queries
regarding any of the matters mentioned in the above, please do not hesitate to
contact us on E-mail: <a href="mailto:secretariat@aprasc2016.org">secretariat@aprasc2016.org</a> or Tel: +82-42-472-7464.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN"><br></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">S-G2: Ionospheric Density Variability in the Polar Region</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">• Session Conveners: Session Conveners: Geonhwa Jee (Korea Polar Research
Institute, Korea) and Qian Wu (High Altitude Observatory, National Center for
Atmospheric Research, USA)</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">Ionosphere in the polar region has a key role in receiving energy from the
sun via the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. The received energy in the polar
region is not restricted to the polar region but it has also profound effects
on the global ionosphere and thermosphere. Therefore, it is critical to
understand how the polar ionospheric density varies with various geophysical
conditions. In this session, we will overview the current observational and
numerical modeling efforts to describe the ionospheric density variability in
the polar region. Also discussed will be the thermospheric effects on the
ionospheric density in the polar region.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">S-G3: Radar probing for the Ionospheric variability</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">• Session Conveners: Session Conveners: Young-Sil Kwak (Korea Astronomy and
Space Science Institute, Korea) and Yuichi Otsuka (Institute for Space-Earth
Environmental Research, Nagoya Univ., Japan)</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">Ionosphere variations cause diffraction of the radio waves that can be
responsible for scintillation, fading, and disruption of the propagating
signals. As radar is powerful instrument probing the ionospheric parameters,
radars have been used to describe the ionospheric variabilities since several
decades. In this session, the current radar observational efforts to
investigate the ionospheric variabilities in low-, mid- and high-latitude
regions will be addressed. We discuss generation mechanisms of the
irregularities associated with equatorial spread F (ESF), auroral and
equatorial electrojets, sporadic E, medium-scale traveling ionospheric
disturbances and so on. Coupling processes between E and F regions are also interesting.
Recently, advanced application of post-beam steering and radar imaging
techniques allow showing two-dimensional fine structure of the irregularities.
This session welcomes all scientific and technical papers dealing with the
ionospheric irregularities at all latitudinal regions.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN"> </span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">S-G4: Satellite Probing for the Ionospheric Variability</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">• Session Conveners: Jaeheung Park (Korea Astronomy and Space Science
Institute, Korea) and Charles Lin (National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan)</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN">Ionospheric variability is an important factor affecting radio wave
propagation. As satellite observations can cover a wider spatial range over the
globe, they have made great contributions to studying the ionospheric
variability and dynamics in addition to existing ground-based observations.
This session solicits ionospheric studies achieved with satellite observations.
Recent advances and overview of forthcoming innovative satellite missions
dedicated to the related topic will also be addressed.</span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-ansi-language:
EN" lang="EN"><br></span></p>



<br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div><div>Qian Wu<br></div>High Altitude Observatory<br></div><div>National Center for Atmospheric Research<br></div>P.O.Box 3000<br></div>Boulder, Co 80307-3000<br>(303) 497 2176<br>(303) 497 2180<br></div></div>
</div>