<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=us-ascii"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 14 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The 2013 summer space scholars program of the Air Force Research Laboratory is now open for application. Qualified graduate students (U.S. Citizens only) are encouraged to apply. The deadline for applications is 5 Feb 2013. The program information and applicant eligibility can be found at<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><a href="http://prs.afrl.kirtland.af.mil/SpaceScholars/"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>http://prs.afrl.kirtland.af.mil/SpaceScholars/</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Interested students may also email their questions to the contact personnel listed below each topic.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Topic: Study of equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics and disturbances <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Contact: Chaosong.Huang at kirtland.af.mil<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Web link: </span><a href="http://prs.afrl.kirtland.af.mil/SpaceScholars/Topic.aspx?TopicId=96"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>http://prs.afrl.kirtland.af.mil/SpaceScholars/Topic.aspx?TopicId=96</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Topic description: This project is to study equatorial ionospheric irregularities that can lead to errors in communications and malfunctions of GPS systems. The summer space scholars will analyze data obtained by C/NOFS (Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System), a low-inclination satellite that can fly along the magnetic equator over a very large longitudinal range. Instruments on board C/NOFS measure the ion density, ion velocity and electric fields. The primary duties of the summer scholars will be to examine the characteristics of equatorial ionospheric irregularities and identify how the occurrence of irregularities varies with local time, longitude, geomagnetic activity, and solar activity. Good computer skills are important for this task. Background on equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics is desirable. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Topic: Wave Structures in the Bottomside Ionosphere <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Contact: </span><a href="mailto:Jonah.Colman@kirtland.af.mil"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Jonah.Colman at kirtland.af.mil</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Web link: </span><a href="http://prs.afrl.kirtland.af.mil/SpaceScholars/Topic.aspx?TopicId=31"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>http://prs.afrl.kirtland.af.mil/SpaceScholars/Topic.aspx?TopicId=31</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Topic description: Traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) are pervasive in the Bottomside ionosphere. These are typically understood as gravity waves and have a number of sources such as topology, neutral winds, the terminator, convective uplift, and explosions. They can be the limiting factor on understanding the propagation characteristics of RF electromagnetic radiation across the ionosphere or within the earth-ionosphere waveguide. We will simulate such structures based on experimental data and attempt to model their effects on HF systems. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Topic: An Investigation of Penetration Electric Fields <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Contact: Daniel.Ober at kirtland.af.mil<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Web link: </span><a href="http://prs.afrl.kirtland.af.mil/SpaceScholars/Topic.aspx?TopicId=147"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>http://prs.afrl.kirtland.af.mil/SpaceScholars/Topic.aspx?TopicId=147</span></a><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>Topic description: This project is to study electric fields in the equatorial ionosphere. A model of ionospheric electric fields driven by measured field aligned currents will be used to investigate how penetration electric fields vary with solar wind/IMF conditions, longitude, and local time. The electric fields/plasma drifts calculated by this model will be compared with the measurements of the Jicamarca radar and DMSP and C/NOFS satellites. Summer scholars will collect the necessary solar wind and field-aligned current data needed to run the existing model, complete a series of model runs for various solar wind and geophysical conditions, and compare the model results with observations. No model development is required; however, good computer skills and a background in ionospheric electrodynamics are desirable for this task. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNoSpacing><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>